• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.209-214
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• 2019

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of two coloring liquids (aqueous and acid-based coloring liquids) and the position of multilayered zirconia on the flexural strength of multilayered zirconia. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The multilayered zirconia specimens were divided into upper and lower positions. The specimens were divided into three subgroups (n=10): non-shaded, acid-based coloring liquid, and aqueous coloring liquid. The specimens were cut using a milling machine and were immersed in either a acid-based coloring liquid or aqueous coloring liquid 2 times for 5 seconds. The specimens were sintered in a sintering furnace according to the manufacturer's introduction. The flexural strength of the specimen was measured using a universal testing machine and the surface of the specimen was observed using a field emission scanning electron microscope. RESULTS. The flexural strength of multilayered zirconia was 400 - 500 MPa. There was no statistically significant difference among all groups (P>.05).The flexural strength of the multilayered zirconia was not influenced by the kind of coloring liquid used (P>.05). The flexural strength of the multilayered zirconia colored with the coloring liquids was not influenced by its position (P>.05). CONCLUSION. The different coloring liquid application did not affect the flexural strength of multilayered zirconia of all positions.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.187-194
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• 2014

To improve the deep coloring effect of PET fabrics, the alkali treated and black dyed PET fabrics were treated with 2 kinds of low refractive compounds such as acrylic resin and silicone resin. The color depth effect of treated PET fabrics was evaluated as lightness(L) change by UV-visible spectrophotometer. As the weight loss of PET fiber treated with alkali increased, the color depth of PET fabrics increased. Lightness(L) of PET fabrics treated with deep coloring agent was lower than that of untreated PET fabrics. The optimum concentration of treated PET with deep coloring agent was 4% o.w.s. The deep coloring effect of PET fabrics treated with silicone resin was higher than one treated with acrylic resin. PET fabrics treated with silicone resin only might be more appropriate process than PET fabrics treated with acrylic and silicone resin for giving deep coloring effect for polyester fabrics.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.247-253
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of colored zirconia with different coloring liquids. Methods: Total 30 specimens were prepared. Specimens were classified into 6 groups: IPS e.max Ceram(P), Uncolored zirconia(C), VITA In-Ceram$^{(R)}$2000 YZ LL1(L), Zirkonzahn coloring liquid(Z), Wieland coloring liquid(W), and Kuwotech coloring liquid(K). Four different types of zirconia coloring liquid, VITA In-Ceram$^{(R)}$ 2000 YZ LL1(VITA Zahnfabrik, Germany), Zirkonzahn coloring liquid(Zirkonzahn, Italy), Wieland coloring liquid(Wieland, Germany), Kuwotech coloring liquid(Kuwotech, Korea) were used to fabricate colored zirconia by using infiltrating method and then completely sintered. The color of the all specimens was measured using the spectrophotometer(CM-2600d, Konica Minolta, Japan) and expressed in terms of the 3-coordinated values(CIE $L^*a^*b^*$). Color differences were calculated using the equation $${\Delta}E^*=[({\Delta}L^*)^2+({\Delta}a^*)^2+({\Delta}b^*)^2]^{1/2}$$. Results: $L^*a^*b^*$ values of the colored zirconia were affected by the coloring liquids. The uncolored zirconia(C) group showed the highest $L^*$ value and zirkonzahn coloring liquid(Z) group showed the lowest $L^*$ value. Zirkonzahn coloring liquid(Z) showed the highest $a^*$ value and VITA In-Ceram 2000 YZ LL1(L) group showed the highest $b^*$ value. Generally, the color difference(${\Delta}E^*$) in all groups showed higher than 3.7 except between IPS e.max Ceram(P) and wieland coloring liquid(W) group. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, various coloring liquids influenced the $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ values of colored zirconia. IPS e.max Ceram(P) and wieland coloring liquid(W) group did not show clinically perceiving color difference.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.2150-2156
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• 2009

The effects of MgO and coloring agents on the physical properties and color of zirconia based ceramics with glass frit were studied. The addition of MgO was effective on the coloring of zirconia-20wt% glass frit system. Major factor on the coloring was turned out to be sintering temperature. Coloring agents was turned out to be more effective than the addition of MgO on the coloring of zirconia base ceramics. Specimen without glass frit showed drastic change in color, while specimen with 20wt% glass frit revealed a limited change in color. This means that the addition of glass frit suppresses the coloring of zirconia based ceramics. The effect of sintering temperature on coloring revealed little change in color.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2003

We investigated the effect of color depth on polyester fabrics by plasma treatment. In this study, although it have many paper about effects of plasma treatment, we observed interfacial electrokinetic potential of polyester fabrics by plasma treatment and also we investigated relationship between deep coloring agent and plasma treatment to get the effect of color depth on polyester fabrics. The results obtained are as follows, 1. Plasma treatment did not enhanced the effect of color depth of polyester fabrics by plasma treatment independently. 2. In the case of using the deep coloring agent with plasma treatment on polyester fabrics, lightness was more decreased than using the deep coloring agent itself. 3. Plasma treatment could not affect surface shape and tensile strength of treated polyester fabrics.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.150-154
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• 2000

Coloring admixture is used for take color inside and outside of mortar and concrete, differently form pigment and spray paint take color limited surface. In our country, Using the coloring admixture is very slight and regulation is not yet about it. But that is expected the increase with raising the standard of living. Especially it is used to civil structure like dam and seawall for the environment harmony. Then we observe, in this experiment, the effect of coloring admixture on the material properties of color concrete and propose the suitable mix-proportion of color concrete.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two types of coloring agents and the number of application on the color of zirconia. Materials and methods: Monolithic zirconia specimens ($15.7mm{\times}15.7mm{\times}2.0mm$) (n = 33) was prepared and divided into 11 groups. Each experimental group was coded as a1-a5, w1-w5 according to the type of coloring agent and number of application. Specimens with no coloring agent applied were set as control group. The color difference of specimen was measured by using double-beam spectrophotometer, and calculated color difference (${{\Delta}E^*}_{ab}$), translucency parameter (TP). All data was analyzed with two-way ANOVA, multiple comparison $Sch{\acute{e}}ffe$ test, Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis. Results: As the number of application increased, values of $CIE\;L^*$ was decreased, but values of $CIE\;b^*$ was increased in both coloring agents. However, there was no significant difference on values of translucency parameter. The color difference range of each group was ${0.87{\Delta}E^*}_{ab}$ to ${9.43{\Delta}E^*}_{ab}$. Conclusion: In this study, type of coloring agent and the number of application did not affect the color difference of zirconia.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.448-451
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• 2013

PURPOSE. Translucency of all-ceramic restorations is an important factor which affects the final appearance and esthetic outcome of the restoration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the shade of coloring liquid on the translucency of zirconia framework. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Thirty zirconium oxide core plate ($15{\times}12{\times}0.5$ mm) were divided into 6 groups of 5 plates each. Each group was classified according to the shade of coloring liquid based on Vita Classic Scale (A2, A3, B1, C2, and D2), and each sample was immersed in coloring liquid for 3 seconds as recommended by the manufacturer, except for the control group. Contrast ratio, as a translucency parameter, was calculated using a spectrophotometer and the data were analyzed with oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's honestly significant differences (HSD) tests (${\alpha}$=.05). RESULTS. Significant differences in translucency among the control and test groups, and the B1 shaded group and other shades was observed. There were no significant differences among A2, A3, C2, and D2 shaded groups. CONCLUSION. The translucency of the zirconium oxide cores was affected by the coloring procedure and significant differences in the translucency measurements were identified between specific shades.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was to evaluate the effect of coloring liquids on the shear bond strength between zirconia and veneering ceramic. Methods: Zirconia(15 mm in diameter, 2.5 mm in thickness; n=40) used in the experiment were divided into 5 groups depending on the coloring liquid. Each specimen were polished using a polishing machine(LaboPol-2, Struers, UK). A cylinder of veneering porcelain(6 mm in diameter, 3 mm in thickness) was fabricated and fired on zirconia surfaces. The shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine(Model 4302, Instron, USA). All data were analyzed statistically using a one-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparisons test. After the shear bond test, fracture surfaces were examined by SEM. Results: Colored zirconia showed a higher shear bonding strength than that of uncolored zirconia except for colored zirconia immersed in Zirkonzahn coloring liquid. In particular, colored zirconia immersed in Kuwotech coloring liquid showed the highest shear bond strength. After the shear bond test, mixed failure patterns were mainly observed in the failure between zirconia and veneering ceramic. Conclusion: Coloring liquid enhanced the shear bond strength zirconia and veneering ceramic than uncolored zirconia.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2000

Soluble methyl-hesperidin (MH) powder was prepared from crude MH, and was investigated on the stabilization to sunlight of natural coloring matter. Soluble MH powder was added to riboflavin, bixin, and paprika oleoresin solutions at concentration of 0.1 or 0.2%(w/w), and the absorbance of respective solutions was analyzed by spectrophotometer after exposing to sunlight for $10{\sim}24$ hr. While coloring matter solutions without MH was faded completely with lapse of time, addition of MH retarded to fade natural coloring matters. According as amount of MH added increased, MH showed more excellent stabilizing effect on the coloring matters. Especially, vitamin C with soluble MH showed remarkable synergistic effect in paprika oleoresin solution during the exposure to sunlight for 8 hr. Consequently, it was found that MH plays a role as excellent stabilizer of natural coloring matters to ultraviolet of sunlight.