• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.143-155
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• 2003

As archives, photograph is the evident records of historical facts and experiences. Thus, it is worth preserving. Unlike other documents silver halide photographic films and prints are quite sensitive to environmental factors such as light, temperature and humidity, which demands careful treatment in preservation. This study was carried out to select popular photographic films and papers on the market, to examine their photographic speeds (or sensitivities) and to compare and analyze their preservative features after keeping them some time in a weather-o-meter. Consequently, B/W materials were superior to color ones in preservation. And films were better than papers in the same manner. But we were not able to observe remarkable differences among material's manufacturers.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.305-310
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• 2011

Edible films were developed from defatted soybean meal (DSM), a byproduct from the soy product industry, investigating the effects of the concentrations of DSM and glycerol and the treatment of high pressure homogenization (HPH) on color, water vapor permeability, and tensile properties of the films. The physical properties of the developed films (DSM films) were compared to those of the films made of soy proteins isolated from the DSM. DSM films were obtained by drying film-forming solutions prepared with DSM powder, glycerol, and water and with and without HPH at 152 MPa. HPH resulted in the formation of continuous and uniform films. Water vapor permeability of the films increased with increase in the concentration of glycerol and decreased by high pressure homogenization. The increase in the glycerol concentration in the film-forming solution prepared without HPH decreased the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the films. However, this effect was not observed with the HPH-treated solution. DSM films possessed higher tensile strength and percentage elongation than the film of soy protein, implying the potential for the DSM film to be applied to food product as an edible film.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2014

Agar-based composite films were prepared with variety of food processing and agricultural processing waste materials in order to screen natural lingo-cellulosic resources for the value-added utilization of the under-utilized materials. The effect of these waste materials (10 wt% based on agar) on mechanical properties, moisture content (MC), water vapor permeability (WVP), water absorption behavior of biocomposite films were investigated. Biocomposite films prepared with various fibers resulted in significant increase or decrease in color and percent transmittance. The MC, WVP, and surface hydrophobicity of biocomposite films increased significantly by incorporation of fibers, while the water uptake ratio and solubility of the film decreased. SEM images of biocomposite film showed better adhesion between the fiber and agar polymer. Among the tested cellulosic waste materials, rice wine waste, onion and garlic fibers were promising for the value-added utilization as a reinforcing material for the preparation of biocomposite food packaging films.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.342-349
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• 2019

Titanium nitride(TiN) thin films have been deposited on PEN(Polyethylene naphthalate) substrate by reactive RF(13.56 MHz) magnetron sputtering in a 25% N₂/Ar mixed gas atmosphere. The pulsed DC bias voltage of -50V on substrates was applied with a frequency of 350 kHz, and duty ratio of 40%(1.1 ㎲). The effects of pulsed DC substrate bias voltage on the crystallinity, color, electrical properties of TiN_x films have been investigated using XRD, SEM, XPS and measurement of the electrical properties such as electrical conductivity, carrier concentration, mobility. The deposition rates of TiN_x films was decreased with application of the pulsed DC substrate bias voltage. The TiN_x films deposited without and with pulsed bias of -50V to substrate exhibits gray and gold colors, respectively. XPS depth profiling revealed that the introduction of the substrate bias voltage resulted in decreasing oxygen concentration in TiN_x films, and increasing the electrical conductivities, carrier concentration, and mobility to about 10 times, 5 times, and 2 times degree, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.393-399
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• 2018

Formation behavior of aluminum anodic oxide (AAO) films on Al6061 alloy was studied in view of thickness, morphology and defects in the anodic films in 20 vol.% sulfuric acid solution at a constant current density of $40mA/cm^2$, using voltage-time curve, observation of anodized specimen colors and surface and cross-sectional morphologies of anodic films with anodization time. With increasing anodizing time, voltage for film formation increased exponentially after about 12 min and its increasing rate decreased after 25 min, followed by a rapid decrease of the voltage after about 28 min. Surface color of anodized specimen became darker with increasing anodizing time up to about 20 min, while it appeared to be brighter with increasing anodizing time after 20 min. The darkened and brightened surfaces with anodizing time are attributed to an increase in thickness of porous anodic oxide film and a chemical damage of the films due to heat generated by increased resistance of the film, respectively. Cross-sectional observation of AAO films revealed the formation of defects of crack shape at the metal/oxide interface after 15 min which prevents the growth of AAO films. Width and length of the crack-like defect increased with anodizing time up to 25 min of anodizing, and finally the outer part of AAO films was partly dissolved or detached after 30 min of anodizing, resulting in non-uniform surface structures of the AAO films.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.983-987
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• 2009

The color is silent language. As the cinematography modeling of art color of film of one of element even is that a synthetical special language systematic.The color of film is very symbolic. The symbolism of color is to express in metaphor some sort of rationality and concept with some color. Now a lot of directors are obsessed with the use of color to express the symbolic meaning. Gradually, the color goes beyond the form of natural material and ascends in appearance to a kind of significant and meaningful modeling element. Thus the color's symbolic meaning has become an essential element in the color and function of the film. The paper analyzes the applications of color in films by use of the well-known director Zhang Yimou's film such as "Hero" and Michelangelo Antonioni's film "Red desert"; and then makes"Hero" with the "Red desert" in order to explain different applications and expressing practices of colors in the film and reflect the significance of color as a unique expressing language in the film.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.498-503
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• 2003

We analyze the electro-optic polarization transmission characteristics of liquid crystal cells in the Poincare sphere representation. We determine fundamental conditions on maximizing of brightness and contrast ratio of liquid crystal display devices for polychromatic light by use of retardation films. For optimizing two colors, at least two properly designed retardation films are needed, and for three wavelengths, either it can be approximated to the two-color case or three retardation films are needed.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.57-66
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to gather basic data in the special effects make-up field and to provide a source of inspiration for creative make-up design by examining how special effects make-up is developed according to representative films. Two approaches are used in this study: a literature review and an empirical case analysis. In Korea, color TV was introduced in the 1980s, with the demand for a realistic image. Since the 2000s, 3D printing technology has been introduced to special effects make-up. Special effects make-up was first introduced in Hollywood films in the 1890s, and by the 1900s, artificial teeth and eyebrows were added and presented using general make-up techniques. Since then, 3D and 4D technologies and animation performance capture methods have been introduced and distributed due to the rapid development of computer technology.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.37-40
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• 2007

The electrostatic layer-by-layer technique provides a convenient way to control the construction of ultrathin films at nano-scale ranges and can be easily obtained. It can be also applicable to fiber substrate with dye compounds. We have fabricated multilayer dye films using diazonium resin and three couplers, which are prepared by self-assembly approach. This method is based on layer-by-layer deposition using electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. Beside, the diazo coupling reaction proceeded to form azo dye layer on the PET fibers the same time. The corresponding results of the multilayer films have been discussed on the level of color strength (K/S).

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.232-246
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• 1994

This study was conducted to develop the long-tenn storage method to minimize the black spot occurred on the surface of persimmons stored in the films at low temperature. The storage experiments were done with different films and persimmon varieties at $0^{\circ}C$ storage condition for 5 months, and then the physical and chemical characteristics of persimmons were tested monthly. The results were as follows : 1. The film 160 made from zeolites showed highest performance in well storings sweet persimmons for 5 months, compared with other films by eyesight. The initial moisture condensation inside the films seemed to cause the black spots on persimmons, and the effect of the film holes was never significant to prevent the black spots. 2. The sugar content was ranged from $14^{\circ}Brix$ to $15^{\circ}Brix$ regardless of film types and persimmom varieties, and it changed little for storage of 5 months. 3. The decrease rate of persimmom weight in the film 160 and 180 was 0.3% for storage of 5 months, while those in other films reached to 2%. The decrease rate of persimmon weight was least in the film 160 and 180. 4. The hardness of Fuyu least decreased in the films 160 and 380. It was changed from 36 kg/cnf to 8-27 $kg/cm^2$, and that of Charyang was from 31 $kg/cm^2$ to 8-10 $kg/cm^2$ for storage of 5 months. The hardness of Charyang rapidly decreased as storage period increased. 5. The average rate of black spot(defect rate) of Fuyu measured by a computer image processing system was least in the film 160 by 0.5%, but those in other films was ranged from about 5% to 20% for storage of 5 months. The rate of black spot of Charyang was less than that of Fuyu among most of films. 6. The intensity, hue, and saturation in persimmon color changed according to storage period. Especially, the intensity of persimmon colors decreased as storage period increased, but it was least in the film 160. 7. An integrated long-term storage method of sweet persimmons was suggested in the basis of the experiments and literature reviews.