• Title/Summary/Keyword: color excess

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Method for Rapid Determination and Removal of Nitrogen Oxides in Flue Gases (Ⅰ). Rapid Determination on Nitrogen Oxides (배기가스중 질소산화물의 신속측정법과 그 제거에 관한 연구 (제1보). NO$_x$의 신속 정량법)

  • Yong Keun Lee;Tong Oh Seo;Kee Jung Paeng;Man Koo Kim;Kyu Ja Whang
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.52-60
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    • 1985
  • Oxides of nitrogen (NO$_x$) in exhaust gases was determined by absorbing the gas in alkaline peroxide solution containing 0.03${\%}$ H2O2 and 0.1N NaOH. About 100 ppm of NO$_x$ was rapidly oxidized to NO$_2$ or N$_2$O$_5$ by H$_2$O$_2$ and required a contact time of 2 minutes with the absorbing solution for complete absorption. With vigorous shaking including air or oxygen gas, high concentration of NO$_x$ (>200 ppm) can be absorbed within 30 minutes. The remaining H$_2$O$_2$ affect the absorbance of color solution strongly. However, the excess H$_2$O$_2$ was completely decomposed by zinc powder 0.5g and the sample solution should be adjusted to the pH range 6.1∼6.6 before the reduction so that conversion of nitrate to nitrite ion is possible. The absorbed NO$_x$ is determined colorimetrically by the diazotization-coupling method with sulfonilamide and NEDA as the coupling agent. The sensitivity of the new method was 4.48 ${\times}$ 10$^4$ as molar absorptivity which was high sensitive compared with that obtained for the usual zinc reduction NEDA method with O$_3$. This method was far more rapid, brief and accurate than previously published O$_3$-NEDA method in Korean industrial standard.

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Characteristics and breeding of a long-term storable oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) variety 『Gonji-7ho』 (장기저장성 신품종 느타리버섯 『곤지7호』 육성 및 특성)

  • Choi, Jong-In;Ha, Tai-Moon;Jeon, Dae-Hoon;Ju, Young-Cheul;Cheong, Jong-Chun
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.149-153
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    • 2013
  • The oyster mushroom is a wide cultivar among cultivated edible mushrooms in Korea. But, due to the excess of domestic production, the price has been falling. This study has been conducted to develope new variety oyster mushroom(Pleurotus ostreatus) which have a long term storage to export in foreign market as well as domestic. 'Gonji-7ho', a new variety of oyster mushroom, for the bottle culture, was bred by mating with monokaryons isolated from 'Nongmin-59ho' and 'MT07156'. In the characteristics of fruit body, pilei were round type and gray and stipes were white color and soft. The fruit body growth was vital and uniform. When fruit-body was stored at 4 degrees after packing with plastic vinyl, storage period was extended 7 days longer than 28 day of chunchu-2ho. The yield was 166 g per a bottle(¢65, 900 ml).

EFFECTS OF DENTIN SURFACE WETNESS OR DESICCATION AFTER ACID ETCHING ON DENTIN BONDING (산부식후 상아질 표면의 습윤 또는 건조가 상아질 결합에 미치는 영향)

  • Yang, Won-Kyung;Kwon, Hyuk-Choon;Son, Ho-Hyun
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.243-253
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    • 2000
  • The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate dentin bonding by two different dentin bonding systems(DBS) using acetone based primer or adhesive [All Bond 2(AB2), One Step(OS)] when they were applied by wet or dry bonding technique. Morphology of resin-dentin interface and hybrid layer thickness(HLT) were investigated using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope(CLSM) and compared to shear bond strength(SBS). 72 extracted sound human molars were randomly divided into 4 groups of 18 teeth each - Group 1.(AW); AB2 by wet bonding. Group 2(AD); AB2 by dry bonding. Group 3.(OW); OS by wet bonding, Group 4.(OD); OS by dry bonding. In 6 teeth of each group, notch-shaped class V cavities(depth 2mm) were prepared on buccal and lingual surface at the cementoenamel juction(12 cavities per group). To obtain color contrast in CLSM observation, bonding resins of each DBS were mixed with rhodamine B and primer of AB2 was mixed with sodium fluorescein. Prepared teeth of each group were treated with AB2, OS, respectively according to the manufacturer's instructions except for dentin surface moisture treatment after acid etching. In group 1 and 3, after acid etching, excess water was removed with wet tissue(Kimwipes), leaving consistently shiny, visibly hydrated dentin surface. In group 2 and 4, dentin surface was dried for 10 seconds at 1 inch distance. The treated teeth were then packed with composite resin(${\AE}$litefil) and light-cured. 12 microscopic samples($60{\sim}80{\mu}m$ thickness) of each group were obtained after longitudinal section and grinding(Exakt cutting and grinding system). Morphological investigation of resin-dentin interface and HLT measurement using CLSM were done. For measurement of SBS, remaining 12 teeth of each group were flattened occlusally to remove all enamel and grinded to 500 grit SiC(Pedemet Specimen Preparation Equipment). After applying DBS on the exposed dentin surface, composite resin was applied in the shape of cylinder, which has 5mm diameter, 1.5mm thickness, and light cured. SBS was measured using Instron with a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min. It was concluded as follows, 1. HLT of AW(mean: $2.59{\mu}m$) was thicker than any other group, and followed by AD, OW, OD in descending order(mean; 2.37, 2.28, $1.92{\mu}m$). Only OD had statistically significant differences(p<0.05) to AW and AD. 2. There were intimate contact of resin and dentin at the interface in wet bonding groups, but gaps or irregular interfaces were observed in dry bonding groups. 3. The length, diameter, density of resin tags were various even in the same group without significant differences between groups and lots of adhesive lateral branches were observed. 4. There were no statistically significant difference of SBS between AB2 and OS, but SBS of wet bonding groups were significantly higher(p<0.05) than dry bonding groups. 5. There were no consistent relationships between HLT and SBS.

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Treatment of Skin Diseases in Hyungsang Medicine (피부병의 형상의학적 치료)

  • Suk Min He;Hwang Won Duek;Jung Haeng Gyu;Lee Yong Tae
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.646-669
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    • 2004
  • By treating skin diseases with Hyungsang medicine and reviewing the clinical cases of them through classifying skin diseases into general care and into Hyungsang medical care, the writer came to the conclusion as followings. The skin is a house of Kyungnak, and it' s a place which Ki comes in and out, which human body controls conditions of his physiological function and which doctors can make a diagnosis from seeing it. The skin is subject to lung and large intestine in the point of organ, but in the point of movement, to spleen and stomach. Skin diseases come from unbalance of Ki and Hyul, mostly from fever in blood and also from Dam, Wind, Dampness and Dryness because of including fire. Generally skin diseases are treated according to classifying into distinctive symptoms, region, cause or time being occurred, and concomitant symptoms. After being divided into man and woman, age and youth, fatness and leanness, Jung Ki Shin Hyul type, visceral figures, Yukkyung shapes on Hyungsang medicine method, the remedy of skin diseases which is combined common meditation with Hyungsang medical method is efficacious. In distinguishing into man and woman, age and youth, man gets sick mainly by drinking liquor and exhausting Jung, woman is taken ill generally by indigestion and Damwha, especially by drinking liquor. Young child gets ill mostly from inherent weakness, but in many cases he is occurred by disturbed digestion, so he must be taken care of ingesting food. The aged becomes ill from weakening, so he must be treated according to reasons of diseases. To fatness and leanness, skin diseases are showed symptoms by weakened Yang, insufficient Yin or excess fever on the theory of upper and lower parts, by unbalance of Ki and Hyul on the theory of left and right, by Dryness and Dampness on the theory of front and rear and by insufficiency of vitality and combined fever on the theory of inside and outside. Therefore doctors must cure the symptoms according to the theory of upper and lower, left and right, front and rear and inside and outside. In type of Jung Ki Shin Hyul, the balances between Jung-Hyul and Shin-Ki are important points. Concretely Jung type comes to easily shortage of Jung or gathering abnormally Dampness and Dam, Ki type is easy to make a mass with Ki or to be deficient of Ki, Shin type comes to press seven emotions togather or to be insufficient of Yin and fever inside, and Hyul type is inclined to be deficient of Hyul and to become feverish or to be deficient of Ki. Therefore on the ground of the above reasons skin diseases come into existence. Inclusively in Jung-Hyul type , Ki must be moved on the base of full Jung-Hyul, so Wukmijiwhangtang or Samultang is prescribed basically. In Shin-Ki type , Jung-Hyul is saved on the base of moving Ki, so Hyangsosan or Yijintang is the proper prescription. Considering the visceral figures, doctors judge for diagnosis and remedy by putting together the elements, that is, great and small sizes of a set of features (eye, ear, mouth, nose), color and temper. The yukkyung types are classified according to many or few of Ki-Hyul, and then skin diseases appear by being inclined toward one side between Ki and hyul, or among the six atmospheric elements(wind, cold, heat, dampness, dryness, and fire). Especially because Yangmyung type is full of much Ki and Hyul, and also has much fever in stomach, he gets skin symptoms frequently. So his prescription is based on taking off fever in stomach, and also he must be careful about regimen certainly.

Physicochemical and Microbiological Properties of Pork by Various Thawing Methods (해동 방법에 따른 돼지고기의 이화학적.미생물학적 특성)

  • Park, Mi-Hye;Kwon, Ji-Eun;Kim, Se-Ryoung;Won, Ji-Hye;Ji, Jung-Youn;Hwang, In-Kyeong;Kim, Mee-Ra
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.298-304
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    • 2012
  • This study was carried out to investigate the effects of various thawing methods on the physical and microbiological properties of frozen pork. The frozen pork was thawed using four methods: refrigerator, cold water, room temperature, and microwave oven. Changes in physicochemical properties of thawed pork were analyzed by measuring color, pH, thawing loss and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values. Changes in the microbiological properties of thawed pork were analyzed by counting total aerobic bacteria and coliform group. L values of thawed pork were significantly increased by all thawing methods for normal thawing time except the uncooked portion of thawed pork via a microwave. However, the a value decreased in pork thawed by all thawing methods. pH values significantly increased in the pork thawed by microwave and by applying two times the normal thawing time. After thawing, thawing loss was highest in the pork thawed at room temperature for two times the normal thawing time. In addition, TBARS values also increased in the pork thawed in a refrigerator and at room temperature for two times the normal thawing time. The total aerobic bacteria count significantly increased in the case of microwave thawing for normal thawing time and it also increased in the pork thawed in a refrigerator and at room temperature for two times the normal thawing time. These results demonstrate that refrigeration and cold water thawing are the most suitable for frozen pork, and that excess thawing should be avoided.

Experiment for Comparing the Effect of Forest-use Solid Fertilizer and Chemical Fertilizers (산림고형비료(山林固型肥料)와 화학비료(化學肥料)의 비효비교시험(肥効比較試驗))

  • Chung, In Koo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.15-20
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    • 1977
  • This experiment was to investigate and analyse the effect of fertilizer at different level of treatment where the ordinary chemical fertilizers (Urea, TSP, muriate of potash) and the same amount of nutrients contained solid fertilizer respectively applied. 1. Ordinary chemical fertilizer known as quick releasing fertilizer showed its main effect in the first and second years but the effect was declined in the third year wheras slow releasing solid fertilizer showed no effect in the first year but gradually appeared in second year was reached at peak in the third year and effect continued till the forth year. 2. Both treatments, ordinary chemical fertilizer and solid fertilizer, showed fertilizer effect however ordinary chemical fertilizer treatment had 6.2 per cent of fertilizer loss over the solid fertilizer treatment. 3. Optimum fertilizer dose per tree seems to be 40-80 grams and fertilizer effect was continued for three years after the treatment. Fertilizer response in the first year only appeared on leaves with dark in color and its response on growth was observed in second year where ordinary chemical fertilizer applied and solid fertilizer treatment showed in third year. 4. For the above results, it may be desirable that optimum amount of ordinary chemical fertilizer should be applied once every other or every two years and solid fertilizer should be applied once every two years or every three years. 5. Solid fertilizer does not occure fertilizer damage when it was applied in excess and has labor saving advantage. 6. It is highly recommendable to produce solid fertilizer for the forest use in view of improving forest soil fertility and increasing forest resources in Korea.

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NEAR-INFRARED VARIABILITY OF OPTICALLY BRIGHT TYPE 1 AGN (가시광에서 밝은 1형 활동은하핵의 근적외선 변광)

  • JEON, WOOYEOL;SHIM, HYUNJIN;KIM, MINJIN
    • Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.47-63
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    • 2021
  • Variability is one of the major characteristics of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), and it is used for understanding the energy generation mechanism in the center of AGN and/or related physical phenomena. It it known that there exists a time lag between AGN light curves simultaneously observed at different wavelengths, which can be used as a tool to estimate the size of the area that produce the radiation. In this paper, We present long term near-infrared variability of optically bright type 1 AGN using the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer data. From the Milliquas catalogue v6.4, 73 type 1 QSOs/AGN and 140 quasar candidates are selected that are brighter than 18 mag in optical and located within 5 degree around the ecliptic poles. Light curves in the W1 band (3.4 ㎛) and W2 band (4.6 ㎛) during the period of 2010-2019 were constructed for these objects by extracting multi-epoch photometry data from WISE and NEOWISE all sky survey database. Variability was analyzed based on the excess variance and the probability Pvar. Applying both criteria, the numbers of variable objects are 19 (i.e., 26%) for confirmed AGN and 12 (i.e., 9%) for AGN candidates. The characteristic time scale of the variability (τ) and the variability amplitude (σ) were derived by fitting the DRW model to W1 and W2 light curves. No significant correlation is found between the W1/W2 magnitude and the derived variability parameters. Based on the subsample that are identified in the X-ray source catalog, there exists little correlation between the X-ray luminosity and the variability parameters. We also found four AGN with changing W1-W2 color.

Characteristics and classification of paddy soils on the Gimje-Mangyeong plains (김제만경평야(金堤萬頃平野)의 답토양특성(沓土壤特性)과 그 분류(分類)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Shin, Yong Hwa
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.1-38
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    • 1972
  • This study, designed to establish a classification system of paddy soils and suitability groups on productivity and management of paddy land based on soil characteristics, has been made for the paddy soils on the Gimje-Mangyeong plains. The morphological, physical and chemical properties of the 15 paddy soil series found on these plains are briefly as follows: Ten soil series (Baeggu, Bongnam, Buyong, Gimje, Gongdeog, Honam, Jeonbug, Jisan, Mangyeong and Suam) have a B horizon (cambic B), two soil series (Geugrag and Hwadong) have a Bt horizon (argillic B), and three soil series (Gwanghwal, Hwagye and Sindab) have no B or Bt horizons. Uniquely, both the Bongnam and Gongdeog series contain a muck layer in the lower part of subsoil. Four soil series (Baeggu, Gongdeog, Gwanghwal and Sindab) generally are bluish gray and dark gray, and eight soil series (Bongnam, Buyong, Gimje, Honam, Jeonbug, Jisan, Mangyeong and Suam) are either gray or grayish brown. Three soil series (Geugrag, Hwadong and Hwagye), however, are partially gleyed in the surface and subsurface, but have a yellowish brown to brown subsoil or substrata. Seven soil series (Bongnam, Buyong, Geugrag, Gimje, Gongdeog, Honam and Hwadong) are of fine clayey texture, three soil series (Baeggu, Jeonbug and Jisan) belong to fine loamy and fine silty, three soil series (Gwanghwal, Mangyeong and Suam) to coarse loamy and coarse silty, and two soil series (Hwagye and Sindab) to sandy and sandy skeletal texture classes. The carbon content of the surface soil ranges from 0.29 to 2.18 percent, mostly 1.0 to 2.0 percent. The total nitrogen content of the surface soil ranges from 0.03 to 0.25 percent, showing a tendency to decrease irregularly with depth. The C/N ratio in the surface soil ranges from 4.6 to 15.5, dominantly from 8 to 10. The C/N ratio in the subsoil and substrata, however, has a wide range from 3.0 to 20.25. The soil reaction ranges from 4.5 to 8.0. All soil series except the Gwanghwal and Mangyeong series belong to the acid reaction class. The cation exchange cpacity in the surface soil ranges from 5 to 13 milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil, and in all the subsoil and substrata except those of a sandy texture, from 10 to 20 milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil. The base saturation of the soil series except Baeggu and Gongdeog is more than 60 percent. The active iron content of the surface soil ranges from 0.45 to 1.81 ppm, easily-reduceable manganese from 15 to 148 ppm, and available silica from 36 to 366 ppm. The iron and manganese are generally accumulated in a similar position (10 to 70cm. depth), and silica occurs in the same horizon with that of iron and manganese, or in the deeper horizons in the soil profile. The properties of each soil series extending from the sea shore towards the continental plains change with distance and they are related with distance (x) as follows: y(surface soil, clay content) = $$-0.2491x^2+6.0388x-1.1251$$ y(subsoil or subsurface soil, clay content) = $$-0.31646x^2+7.84818x-2.50008$$ y(surface soil, organic carbon content) = $$-0.0089x^2+0.2192x+0.1366$$ y(subsoil or subsurface soil, pH) = $$-0.0178x^2-0.04534x+8.3531$$ Soil profile development, soil color, depositional and organic layers, soil texture and soil reaction etc. are thought to be the major items that should be considered in a paddy soil classification. It was found that most of the soils belonging to the moderately well, somewhat poorly and poorly drained fine and medium textured soils and moderately deep fine textured soils over coarse materials, produce higher paddy yields in excess of 3,750 kg/ha. and most of the soils belonging to the coarse textured soils, well drained fine textured soils, moderately deep medium textured soils over coarse materials and saline soils, produce yields less than 3,750kg/ha. Soil texture of the profile, available soil depth, salinity and gleying of the surface and subsurface soils etc. seem to be the major factors determining rice yields, and these factors are considered when establishing suitability groups for paddy land. The great group, group, subgroup, family and series are proposed for the classification categories of paddy soils. The soil series is the basic category of the classification. The argillic horizon (Bt horizon) and cambic horizon (B horizon) are proposed as two diagnostic horizons of great group level for the determination of the morphological properties of soils in the classification. The specific soil characteristics considered in the group and subgroup levels are soil color of the profile (bluish gray, gray or yellowish brown), salinity (salic), depositonal (fluvic) and muck layers (mucky), and gleying of surface and subsurface soils (gleyic). The family levels are classified on the basis of soil reaction, soil texture and gravel content of the profile. The definitions are given on each classification category, diagnostic horizons and specific soil characteristics respectively. The soils on these plains are classified in eight subgroups and examined under the existing classification system. Further, the suitability group, can be divided into two major categories, suitability class and subclass. The soils within a suitability class are similar in potential productivity and limitation on use and management. Class 1 through 4 are distinguished from each other by combination of soil characteristics. Subclasses are divided from classes that have the same kind of dominant limitations such as slope(e), wettness(w), sandy(s), gravels(g), salinity(t) and non-gleying of the surface and subsurface soils(n). The above suitability classes and subclasses are examined, and the definitions are given. Seven subclasses are found on these plains for paddy soils. The classification and suitability group of 15 paddy soil series on the Gimje-Mangyeong plains may now be tabulated as follows.

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