• 대한가정학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to analysis of design preference according to age of consumers in order to obtain basic informations which are necessary for the development of designs that can satisfy the needs and desire of Chinese consumers. The style, color, fabric pattern, fabric, image, and shape of clothing were used for design preference variations. The study was implemented by surveying 280 females living in Beijing, China. The results were as follows: 1) There were significant differences in the preference of style of outdoor clothes according to age. Chinese women in the age of twenties and fifties prefer to wear casual clothes. Preference ratio was more than 60% 2) There were significant differences in the preference of color of spring and summer clothes, but there was no difference in the preference of color of autumn and winter clothes. 3) There was a difference in the preference of fabric pattern of outdoor clothes. Generally Chinese women showed 50% of preference for the no patterned outdoor clothes. 4) There were no differences in the preference of fabric materials. Preferred material for spring and summer was cotton fabrics, and that for autumn and winter was woolen fabrics. 5) In the research of the preferred image of outdoor clothes, generally Chinese women showed the most preference for elegance style. Chines women who are in the age of thirties to forties preferred feminine style. However, Chinese women who are in the age of fifties like to choose simple style. 6) There was a significant difference in the preference of length of jacket and skirt, and generally Chinese women preferred to wear medium length of jacket and skirt. There was no difference in the preference of design of collar and shape of pants. However most Chinese women showed preference for tailored collar and straight shaped pants.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.754-763
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• 2018

This study examined the color reproducibility and color fastness of digital textile printing for nylon sublimation transfer. After measuring the temperature and time suited to nylon sublimation transfer, the researchers conducted various tests for comparison and analysis including polyester transfer paper on polyester fabric to check dyeing characteristics, color change, sharpness, and the rubbing fastness of the dyeing samples for nylon sublimation transfer. These tests produced the following results. At $185^{\circ}C$ and $187^{\circ}C$, the sublimation transfer dyeing characteristics of nylon were similar to those of polyester and the researchers even observed superior color development in some colors; at a low temperature of $180^{\circ}C$, the sample that was worked on had the lowest level of color development. The examination of color difference (${\Delta}E$), which compared $L^*a^*b^*$ values, showed that the ${\Delta}E$ value of magenta was 10.34, that of yellow was 24.70, and that of black was 15.28. These results highlight the important role of heat treatment temperature and time on color development in nylon sublimation transfer. Concerning sharpness, the samples subjected to higher temperature heat treatment exhibited fewer color spreading phenomena around lines. Thus, dyeing properties and fastness can be enhanced by elongating time at low temperatures and shortening time at high temperatures; however, considering production time constraints as well as the need to produce industrially marketable quantities, the findings of this study suggest that the heat treatment temperature most suitable for nylon sublimation transfer is $187^{\circ}C$ for a duration of 50 seconds.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2017

PURPOSE. The aims of the study were to evaluate the fracture load of zirconia core material after dipping in coloring liquid at different time intervals and to compare the color of dipped blocks with that of prefabricated shaded blocks. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 3-unit bridge frameworks were designed digitally. Sixty frameworks were fabricated using uncolored zirconia blocks by CAD/CAM and divided into 4 groups randomly (n = 15). Group 2 (G2) was subjected to coloring liquids for 2 minutes, Group 4 (G4) for 4 minutes, and Group 6 (G6) for 6 minutes. CFS group was not subjected to any coloring procedure. After coloring, color differences between the test groups and a prefabricated shaded zirconia group (CPZ, n = 15) were evaluated by using a spectrophotometer. Fracture test was conducted immediately after shade evaluation with a Testometric test device at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/sec. Statistical analysis for evaluating color and fracture load was performed by using one way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD test ($P{\leq}.05$). Weibull analysis was conducted for distribution of fracture load. RESULTS. There was no difference in terms of fracture load and color between CFS (1176.681 N) and G2 (985.638 N) group and between CPZ (81.340) and G2 (81.140) group, respectively. Fracture load values of G4 (779.340 N) and G6 (935.491 N) groups were statistically significantly lower than that of CFS group ($P{\leq}.005$). The color values of G4 (79.340) and G6 (79.673) groups were statistically different than that of CPZ group ($P{\leq}.005$). CONCLUSION. Prolonged immersion of zirconia in coloring liquid not only negatively affected the fracture load of the zirconia being tested in the current study but also deteriorated the desired shade of the restoration.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2019

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to compare the translucency and color changes of ceramic laminate veneers of different composition following glazing process. MATERIALS AND METHODS. $10mm{\times}10mm$ square specimens of 0.6 mm and 1.0 mm thicknesses were fabricated with IPS e.max Press (EM) and IPS e.max ZirPress (ZP) (n=10 per group). The color coordinates (CIE $L^*$ $a^*$ $b^*$) of the specimens were recorded with a colorimeter before and after glazing. The color changes and translucency parameter (TP) were calculated. For the comparisons with the composition and thicknesses between the 'not glazed' and 'glazed' groups, statistical analyses were done through paired T-test, independent two-sample T-test, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 18.0 (P<.05). RESULTS. The TP of 0.6 mm EM was higher than that of 0.6 mm ZP. Total color difference (${\Delta}E^*$) between bare and glazed specimens of 1.0 mm EM was greater than that of 1.0 mm ZP with statistical significance. Following glazing, specimens from all groups showed statistically significant amount of decrease in $L^*$ and $a^*$, and statistically significant increase in $b^*$. The result of multiple regression analysis of EM and ZP showed that ${\Delta}L^*$ improved ${\Delta}E^*$. CONCLUSION. Within the limitations of present study, we conclude that translucency and color of ceramic laminate veneers change significantly after glazing process, and the nature and amount of changes vary with different compositions.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.460-467
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• 2015

PURPOSE. The aim of this study is to evaluate the appropriate impression technique by analyzing the superimposition of 3D digital model for evaluating accuracy of conventional impression technique and digital impression. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twenty-four patients who had no periodontitis or temporomandibular joint disease were selected for analysis. As a reference model, digital impressions with a digital impression system were performed. As a test models, for conventional impression dual-arch and full-arch, impression techniques utilizing addition type polyvinylsiloxane for fabrication of cast were applied. 3D laser scanner is used for scanning the cast. Each 3 pairs for 25 STL datasets were imported into the inspection software. The three-dimensional differences were illustrated in a color-coded map. For three-dimensional quantitative analysis, 4 specified contact locations(buccal and lingual cusps of second premolar and molar) were established. For two-dimensional quantitative analysis, the sectioning from buccal cusp to lingual cusp of second premolar and molar were acquired depending on the tooth axis. RESULTS. In color-coded map, the biggest difference between intraoral scanning and dual-arch impression was seen (P<.05). In three-dimensional analysis, the biggest difference was seen between intraoral scanning and dual-arch impression and the smallest difference was seen between dual-arch and full-arch impression. CONCLUSION. The two- and three-dimensional deviations between intraoral scanner and dual-arch impression was bigger than full-arch and dual-arch impression (P<.05). The second premolar showed significantly bigger three-dimensional deviations than the second molar in the three-dimensional deviations (P>.05).

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2018

The properties of 18 K red gold solder alloys were investigated by changing the content of In up to 10.0 wt% in order to replace the hazardous Cd element. Cupellation and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to check the composition of each alloy, and FE-SEM and UV-VIS-NIR-Colormeter were employed for microstructure and color characterization. The melting temperature, hardness, and wetting angle of the samples were determined by TGA-DTA, the Vickers hardness tester, and the Wetting angle tester. The cupellation result confirmed that all the samples had 18K above 75.0wt%-Au. EDS results showed that Cu and In elements were alloyed with the intended composition without segregation. The microstructure results showed that the amount of In increased, and the grain size became smaller. The color analysis revealed that the proposed solders up to 10.0 wt% In showed a color similar to the reference 18 K substrate like the 10.0 wt% Cd solder with a color difference of less than 7.50. TGA-DTA results confirmed that when more than 5.0 wt% of In was added, the melting temperature decreased enough for the soldering process. The Vickers hardness result revealed that more than 5.0 wt% In solder alloys had greater hardness than 10.0 wt% Cd solder, which suggested that it was more favorable in making a wire type solder. Moreover, all the In solders showed a lower wetting angle than the 10.0 wt% Cd solder. Our results suggested that the In alloyed 18 K red gold solders might replace the conventional 10.0 wt% Cd solder with appropriate properties for red gold jewelry soldering.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.765-774
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• 2011

Purpose: Many facial burn patients suffer from hyperpigmentation and its treatment has been challenging. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) has important physiologic effects on skin, including inhibition of melanogenesis, promotion of collagen biosynthesis, prevention of free radical formation, and acceleration on wound healing. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Vitamin C iontophoresis for the treatment of postburn hyperpigmentation. Methods: The authors performed a retrospective analysis of 93 patients who were admitted for the treatment of facial burn from February 2008 through February 2010. Among them, 51 patients were treated with Vitamin C iontophoresis to control postburn hyperpigmentation and 42 patients were not. Experimental group was chosen 20 of 51 patients who had been treated with Vitamin C iontophoresis and had normal facial skin on the comparable contralateral aesthetic unit. Control group was chosen 20 of 42 patients who were not treated with Vitamin C iontophoresis and had also contralateral normal aesthetic unit. The resulting color of 20 patients who were treated with Vitamin C iontophoresis was compared with the color of the contralateral normal facial skin using a digital scale color analysis. Results were analyzed with Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: The analysis revealed significant improvement of hyperpigmentation in the experimental group compared to control group. The difference of intial value and the value in 6 months showed significant change. Mean (${\Delta}^{initial}$-${\Delta}^{6month}$) of experimental group was 11.61 and control group was 7.23. Thus, the difference between the experimental group and the control group was 4.38. Therefore, Vitamin C iontophoresis revealed significant improvement of hyperpigmentation in the experimental group compared with control group. Conclusion: Vitamin C iontophoresis is an effective treatment modality for postburn hyperpigmentation.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.631-640
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• 2014

In this study, manufactured a cream soup by varying addition of Hericium erinaceus and decided its recipe, and conducted particle size analysis, calorimetry, sensory test for investigating physicochemical characteristics and quality characteristics (salinity, sugar content, color value, pH, viscosity), antioxidant activities of soup, and mechanical sensory test for objectivity. This study found that moisture content in Hericium erinaceus powder was 6.16%, crude protein 26.87%, crude fat 4.62% and crude ash was 10.75% respectively. No significant differences were found in salinity, sugar content, pH according to addition of Hericium erinaceus. As for color value of cream soup manufactured by adding Hericium erinaceus, L value decreased with increase in addition of Hericium erinaceus, whereas a value and b value increased. The more the addition of Hericium erinaceus, the higher the viscosity, which increases concentration of soup. As result of analysis on antioxidant activities of Hericium erinaceus cream soup, antioxidant activities increased with increase in addition of Hericium erinaceus. Particle size analysis showed results similar to that of viscometry, which means that the smaller the particle size, the higher the viscosity, whereas viscosity lowered vice versa. Calorie of cream soup showed no significant difference notwithstanding the amount of addition. As a result of sensory test, S5 with 5% of Hericium erinaceus powder was highest rated in color, flavor, taste, umami taste and overall preference. As a result of mechanical sensory test, umami taste increased with increase in addition of Hericium erinaceus powder, whereas bitterness taste lowered significantly (p<0.05) with addition of Hericium erinaceus. As for salty taste, both control group and experimental group that added Hericium erinaceus powder showed no significant difference. Accordingly, experimental group with 5% of Hericium erinaceus powder was proved to be the most desirable.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제36권10C호
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• pp.621-628
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• 2011

영상에서 피부색은 얼굴 영상 기반의 검출 및 인식 시스템에서 중요한 단서로 사용되지만 영상 획득시의 광원에 따라 상이하게 표현되기 때문에 사용의 어려움이 있다. 이러한 문제를 위해 본 논문에서는 Retinex, Gray World, White Patch, Simplified Horn, Shades of grey, 그리고 Edge-Based color constancy 색 항등성 기법을 대상으로 피부색 복원에 관한 성능을 비교하고, 자연 영상을 이용하여 피부색 검출 성능을 평가한다. 이를 위해 Caltech Face Database의 영상들에 유색 광원의 효과를 부가하여 생성된 실험 영상을 생성했다. 이후 각 기법에 따른 피부색 복원의 일관성을 수치적으로 평가하기 위하여 Cb-Cr 히스토그램을 기반으로 결과 영상들의 표준편차를 계산하였으며, 피부색 검출 성능 실험을 위해서 YCbCr과 RGB 기반의 경출 기법을 사용하였다. 실험 결과 Gray World 기법은 타 기법에 비해 높은 성능을 나타냈으며, 색 항등성 기법의 적용을 통해 광원의 영향을 받은 피부색을 색 공간내의 일정한 범위로 복원하는 것이 가능하였다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.112-120
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• 2016

The purpose of the thesis is to explore ways of improving the quality of urban life by analyzing the Luzinterruptus's work looking for a new perspective on the relationship between environmental color and society. The street artist Luzinterruptus was born in Spain, is a leader in the field of New Genre Public Art brush on a canvas of light in the night. They should seek the views of other common color system and color environments. The method of research is urban design, we consider the concept of the public good understanding, and New Genre Public Art. It also analyzes the environmental color of Luzinterruptus to take advantage of the phenomenology by David Katz color classification. The scope of the thesis is focused on the analysis of the works featured in their website and webzine. Then select a sculpture installation information is stated on the environmental color of their work. The role of environmental color in their work is not an aesthetic experience of harmonious urban landscape was seeking Public Art. The citizens of the area and the installation work themselves. Also it listed as demolition after the exhibition to realize the difference with other people and take advantage to environmental color. Therefore, they the contemporary agenda in many part of narrative takes in the garbage or disposables that you can easily look at our surroundings, In addition, citizens are directly experiencing the fantastic custom-made lights and colors and objects of the oversize as a potential recalls memories. Thus, the use of environmental color comfortable life there is horizontal participation and communication of the 'citizens' critical perspective of the 21st century cumulative cities.