• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.522-530
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• 2022

In this study we aimed to develop novel ZnO-NP/chitosan/β-glycerophosphate (ZnO-NP/CS/β-GP) antibacterial hydrogels for biomedical applications. According to the mass fraction ratio of ZnO-NPs to chitosan, mixtures of 1, 3, and 5% ZnO-NPs/CS/β-GP were prepared. Using the test-tube inversion method, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, the influence of ZnO-NPs on gelation time, chemical composition, and cross-sectional microstructures were evaluated. Adding ZnO-NPs significantly improved the hydrogel's antibacterial activity as determined by bacteriostatic zone and colony counting. The hydrogel's bacteriostatic mechanism was investigated using live/dead fluorescent staining and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, crystal violet staining and MTT assay demonstrated that ZnO-NPs/CS/β-GP exhibited good antibacterial activity in inhibiting the formation of biofilms and eradicating existing biofilms. CCK-8 and live/dead cell staining methods revealed that the cell viability of gingival fibroblasts (L929) cocultured with hydrogel in each group was above 90% after 24, 48, and 72 h. These results suggest that ZnO-NPs improve the temperature sensitivity and bacteriostatic performance of chitosan/β-glycerophosphate (CS/β-GP), which could be injected into the periodontal pocket in solution form and quickly transformed into hydrogel adhesion on the gingiva, allowing for a straightforward and convenient procedure. In conclusion, ZnO-NP/CS/β-GP thermosensitive hydrogels could be expected to be utilized as adjuvant drugs for clinical prevention and treatment of peri-implant inflammation.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.662-669
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to test the effects of electrolyzed water treatment on dried-laver Pyropia sp. processing facilities to control microbial contamination. Following the progression of the process to the next step, as well as during the lapse between process operating hours, the contamination level of total viable cell counts (TVC) and total coliform (TC) of laver increased. The TVC increased during the aging step, and after the molding-drying steps were completed, it increased by approximately 2.0 log CFU (colony forming unit)/g. Freshwater used for processing in April had a TVC of 4.31 log CFU/mL, which was more polluted than 2.61 log CFU/mL of seawater. Electrolyzed water was used to treat the sponge used in the laver-molding process, which resulted in a 2 log CFU/mL decrease.The TVC of dried-laver decreased by 1 to 2 log CFU/g when electrolyzed water was applied to the process. In conclusion, application of electrolyzed water in dried-laver processing was shown to be effective in reducing the microbiological contamination of the final product.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.35.1-35.11
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• 2021

Objectives: Endosequence Bioceramic Root Repair Material (BC-RRM) is used in endodontic microsurgery. It is available as a paste and a putty. However, no studies to date have examined the sealing ability of these forms alone or in combination as root-end filling materials. Hence, this study aimed to compare the sealing properties of these 2 forms of BC-RRM. Materials and Methods: Forty-two extracted upper anterior teeth were divided into 3 experimental groups, a positive and negative control. After the root canal treatment, the root ends were resected, retroprepared and retrofilled with either putty, paste + putty or mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). The teeth were mounted in tubes so the apical 3 mm was submerged in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth. The coronal portions of the canals were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis and BHI broth and incubated for 30 days. The broth in the tubes was analyzed for colony forming units to check for leakage of bacteria from the canal. The teeth from the groups were sectioned and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Kruskal-Wallis test and analysis of variance were used to analyze the data with a significance level p < 0.05. Results: The BC-RRM and MTA groups showed similar sealing ability. The positive control showed leakage in all samples. The SEM imaging showed the presence of bacteria in all experimental groups at the material-tooth interface. Conclusions: No significant differences were noted in the experimental groups, providing sufficient evidence that any combination could be effectively used during endodontic microsurgery.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.4773-4780
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• 2014

Background: To investigate the effects of small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting BCR/ABL mRNA on proliferation and apoptosis in the K562 human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cell line and to provide a theoretical rationale and experimental evidence for its potential clinical application for anti-CML treatment. Materials and Methods: The gene sequence for BCR/ABL mRNA was found from the GeneBank. The target gene site on the BCR/ABL mRNA were selected according to Max-Planck-Institute (MPI) and rational siRNA design rules, the secondary structure of the candidate targeted mRNA was predicted, the relevant thermodynamic parameters were analyzed, and the targeted gene sequences were compared with BLAST to eliminate any sequences with significant homology. Inhibition of proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay and colony-formation inhibiting test. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry (FCM) and the morphology of apoptotic cells was identified by Giemsa-Wright staining. Western blotting was used to analyze the expression of BCR/ABL fusion protein in K562 cells after siRNA treatment. Results: The mRNA local secondary structure calculated by RNA structure software, and the optimal design of specific siRNA were contributed by bioinformatics rules. Five sequences of BCR/ABL siRNAs were designed and synthesized in vitro. Three sequences, siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786, which showed the most effective inhibition of K562 cell growth, were identified among the five candidate siRNAs, with a cell proliferative inhibitory rate nearly 50% after exposure to 12.5nmol/L~50nmol/L siRNA1384 for 24,48 and 72 hours. The 50% inhibitory concentrations ($IC_{50}$) of siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786 for 24hours were 46.6 nmol/L, 59.3 nmol/L and 62.6 nmol/L, respectively, and 65.668 nmol/L, 76.6 nmol/L, 74.4 nmol/L for 72 hours. The colony-formation inhibiting test also indicated that, compared with control, cell growth of siRNA treated group was inhibited. FCM results showed that the rate of cell apoptosis increased 24 hours after transfecting siRNA. The results of annexinV/PI staining indicated that the rate of apoptosis imcreased (1.53%, 15.3%, 64.5%, 57.5% and 21.5%) following treamtne with siRNAs (siRNA34, siRNA372, siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786). Morphological analysis showed td typical morphologic changes of apoptosis such as shrunken, fragmentation nucleus as well as "apoptotic bodies" after K562 cell exposure to siRNA. Western blot analysis showed that BCR/ABL protein was reduced sharply after a single dose of 50nmol/L siRNA transfection. Conclusions: Proliferation of K562 cells was remarkbly inhibited by siRNAs (siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786) in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro, with effective induction of apoptosis at a concentration of 50 nmol/L. One anti-leukemia mechanism in K562 cells appeared that BCR/ABL targeted protein was highly down-regulated. The siRNAs (siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786) may prove valuable in the treatment of CML.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.477-487
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• 2014

본 연구는 보철물 장착 환자의 구강 내 C. albicans 분포에 대한 연구로 구강 Candida 감염증의 주 원인균인 C. albicans의 분포를 측정한 후 감염 위험정도의 분석을 통해 보철물 장착 환자들에게 구강건강관리의 중요성에 대한 자료로 제공하고자 연구대상자의 성별, 흡연 및 음주유무, 구강 내 보철물 종류 및 장착 기간, 1일 칫솔질 횟수에 따른 C. albicans 집락 정도를 조사하였다. 연구대상자들 중 11.6%에서 감염 1단계 이상의 분포를 보여 구강 Candida 감염 가능성을 확인하였다. 또한 타액 채취 부위별 C. albicans 분포를 분석한 결과 상악보다 하악의 설면에서, 입천장보다 혀 등이 상대적으로 높은 단계의 분포를 보였다. 성별, 흡연 및 음주유무에 따른 C. albicans 분포는 여자보다 남자가, 흡연을 하는 경우보다 흡연을 하지 않는 경우가, 음주를 하지 않는 경우보다 음주를 하는 경우에 구강 Candida 감염 단계 평균 수치가 높게 나타났다. C. albicans의 단계별 분포는 구강 Candida 감염 3단계의 분포가 여자는 관찰되지 않았지만 남자는 1.4%의 분포가 관찰되었으며, 구강 Candida 감염 2단계 이상의 분포가 흡연 및 음주를 하는 경우에는 관찰되지 않았지만 하지 않는 경우에는 각각 3.3%, 3.6%의 분포가 관찰되었다. 구강 내 보철물 중 가철성 교정장치보다 의치 혹은 임플란트를 장착한 경우 C. albicans의 분포에 더 영향을 미치고 있으며, 보철물을 1년 이상 장착한 경우에 기간이 길어질수록 구강 Candida 감염 1단계 이상의 분포가 점점 높아졌다. 단, 7~9년 장착한 경우에는 100.0%의 0단계의 분포를 보였다. 1일 칫솔질 횟수에 따른 구강 Candida 감염 단계 평균 수치를 통해 구강위생관리와 C. albicans의 분포의 상관관계를 확인하고자 하였으나 칫솔질 횟수는 직접적으로 작용하지 않는 것으로 보였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 보철물 장착 환자의 성별, 구강 내 부위, 보철물 종류, 보철물 장착 기간이 구강 내 C. albicans의 분포에 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 향후 관련된 여러 요인들을 모두 추가, 보완하거나 다각적으로 검토하여 심도 있는 연구를 통해 구강건강을 유지 및 증진시킬 수 있는 자료를 확보하는 것이 필요하다고 생각된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.100-113
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• 2007

In Korea, there has been no revegetation applicable standard for slopes formed by road construction work up to now, so revegetation work has been done using mostly foreign varieties in the manner of early revegetation. However, foreign varieties have some shortcomings; for example, they tend to be dried to death after construction work. Besides, due to the rift in the supporting soil, these revegetated varieties are often displaced from the slopes. Thus, the Ministry of Construction & Transportation on July, 2005 established revegetation standard on the slopes suited for the natural eco-system of Korea and organized positively recommending directions for using self-sewn plants growing near the slopes in overall consideration of soil, weather, regional conditions. The locations specified in this direction are the slopes at the road construction jobsite like the expressway, highways, and local roads. In addition, the Ministry's standard and directions stipulated that damaged slopes's natural environment and eco-system due to various road construction work should be restored, and thus a feeling of stability and pleasantness should be provided to road users as well. Also, the Ministry tried to select seed plants and revegetation measures suited for surrounding environment to put the environment-friendly slope revegetation measures into practice through the test revegetation work in order to prevent illegal construction practices and to improve the quality of revegetation. According to the direction, revegetation districts aimed at the slopes are divided into three ones in consideration of weather environment, regional environment, and forest environment as follows : national territory's core ecological green-land based district centering on the Taebaek Mountains; coastal ecosystem district including islands off the coast; inland eco-system district. The combination of revegetation plants according to environment revegetation districts, should be executed by dividing into herb-oriented type, woody plant colony type, and bio-species versatility restoration type, and the selection of seeding plants should be done in the presence of a supervisor and through test construction results and technology counseling from a specialist in natural eco-system restoration and revegetation measure seed combination standard according to environment revegetation districts. This direction will be executed in the manner of monitoring until the yea 2008 and 2009 it will be finalized and enforced on December, 2009.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.542-550
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• 2019

농식품과 생산환경에서 대장균 오염여부를 휴대 전화에서 실시간으로 결과를 확인할 수 있는 IoT 기반 스마트 대장균 검출 장치를 개발하였다. 개발된 대장균 검출기는 온도 조절부, UV 램프, 고해상도 카메라 및 검출 여부를 판단할 수 있는 소프트웨어로 구성된 장치이다. 검출기의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 온도, 대장균 검출 시간 및 검출한계를 측정하였는데, 개발 된 장치의 설정 온도와 실제 온도의 차이는 약 1.0℃ 이내 였다. 또한 검출시간은 1CFU / 100 mL일 때 15 시간이었고, 대장균 오염농도가 증가할수록 검출시간이 감소하였다. 개발된 스마트 대장균 검출기를 기구, 장갑, 관개 수, 종자 및 채소를 포함한 다양한 시료에 적용했을 때, 대장균의 검출율은 식품공전법으로 분석하였을 때보다 높았다. 따라서 개발된 대장균 검출기술은 농식품 및 생산환경에서 대장균을 효율적으로 검출할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 1974

본(本) 시험(試驗)은 양송이 복토중(覆土中) 미생물(微生物)의 Mycogone perniciosa Magn.에 대한 항균작용(抗菌作用)및 M. perniciosa 와 Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing. 사이의 상호관계(相互關係)를 구명(究明)하기 위하여 실시(實施)되었으며 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果), 1. In vitro test에서 M. perniciosa는 복토(覆土)에서 분리(分離)된 미동정(未同定)의 미생물(微生物)들에 의해서 생장(生長)이 억제(抑制)되었으며 재배시험(栽培試驗)에서 M. perniciosa의 포자현탁액(胞子懸濁液)을 복토표면(覆土表面)에 국소접종(局所接種)하였을 때 라병(羅病)버섯은 접종(接種)된 부분(部分)에서만 발생(發生)되었고 접종부분(接種部分) 주변(周邊)에서는 발생(發生)되지 않았다. 2. M. perniciosa와 A. bisporus사이의 길항적(拮抗的) 관계(關係)는 in vitro test에서 배양기(培養基)의 종류(種類)에 따라 다소(多少) 차이(差異)가 있었으나 A. bisporus의 균사(菌絲)는 M. perniciosa 균총(菌總) 위를 덮어서 자랐다. 재배시험(栽培試驗)에서 M. perniciosa의 포자현탁액(胞子懸濁液)을 A. bisporus의 곡립종균(穀粒種菌) 표면(表面) 혹은 복토층(覆土層)의 중간부위(中間部位)에 분무접종(噴霧接種)하였을 때에는 라병(罹病)버섯이 발생(發生)되지 않았으나, 복토표면(覆土表面)에 접종(接種)하였을 때에만 리병(罹病)버섯이 발생(發生)되었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.141-157
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• 1971

The peripheral infection is one of the major causes of maternal death, and although it is preventable through an effective prenatal as well as postnatal care its morbidity is increasing due to bacterial resistant to an effective antibiotics. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the peripheral morbidity of 949 parturients who were admitted to the Obstetrics and Gynecologic department of Ewha Woman's University Hospital from January 1971 to September 1971. Among the 949 parturients, especially 40 normal parturients were selected (20, control soup was given complete aseptic care during labor and delivery and post delivery: 20, compare group was given the ordinary care practiced during labor and delivery and maternal ward of Ewha Woman's University Hospital) for bacteriologic test on vaginal flora twice, on admission and on complete cervical dilatation of each parturient. The results obtained from this study were as follows; 1. Majority of parturients age were 21 to 35 years old(90.83%), and educational level of 949 parturients was above high school. A large number of parturients socioeconomic level (according to their husbands' job) were moderate. 2, Among the 949 parturients, multipara (55.9%) were a little more than primipara (44. 1%) and 38.84% of parturients had experienced aborition. 3. In deliverty types, normal deliveries (804 cases) were more than cesarean section deliveries (145 cases) The peripheral morbidity after normal deliveries was 0.5%, and cesarean section deliveries, 23.45%. 4. Among 949 parturients incidence of hemorrhage eases (500cc or more bleeding) showed the higher peripheral morbidity (24.86%) than other cases (bleeding less than 500cc, 7.83%). 5. The majority of parturients (81.03%) had teen taking antenatal care, but most of them were taken irregular antenatal care. On the other hand, on admission, the parturients with complication were 30.32%, and their peripheral morbidity showed much higher (7.02%) than those with no complication (2.71%). 6. The incidence of peripheral morbidity in premature ruptured membrane was higher (10.91%) than normal parturienta (1.73%). 7. In the result of aseptic care during labor and delivery and post delivery, the number of cultured bacteria was legs in control group than Compare group (in control group, on admission 17, on complete cervical dilatation 12: in compare group, on admission 21 on complete cervical dilatation 21) . The most common bacteria were Staphylococcus (control group 14 on admission, compare group 16 on admission), and next Streptococcus, E- Coil, Bacillus Subtilis, in order. Also in control group the number. of colony were reduced (43%) more than in Compare group. Transient temperature elevation from 37℃ to 37.4℃ were noted in compare group (50%) than in control group (30%), and there was no one indicated above 38℃. In conclusion, the aseptic care is the test way of preventing peripheral infection as well as decreasing the puerperal morbidity. Therefore the most important nursing care is the aseptic care for each parturient during labor and delivery and peat delivery and also all the instruments must be cleaned and sterilized.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.216-221
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• 2016

본 연구는 S. Typhimurium을 대상으로 paraformaldehyde 35%를 함유한 훈증소독제의 살균효과를 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 예비 시험에서, S. Typhimurium의 현탁액 균수는 모두 $3.9{\times}10^8CFU/mL$이었으며, 훈증소독제에 노출시킨 모든 담체의 균수는 평판배지법과 여과법으로 배양한 시험균주 현탁액의 균수의 50%보다 많았다. 또한, 대조 담체로부터 회복된 S. Typhimurium 균수는 모두 $3.3{\times}10^6CFU/mL$이었다. 훈증소독제의 살균효과 시험에서는, 훈증 소독제를 처리한 담체의 S. Typhimurium의 감소 균수는 5.22 log CFU/mL로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로부터, paraformaldehyde를 주성분으로 하는 훈증소독제는 S. Typhimurium에 대해 효과적인 살균력을 갖는 것으로 확인되었으며, 병원성 세균에 오염된 식품재료 및 주방용품의 소독에 적용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.