• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.247-254
• /
• 2017

The meridian theory(經絡學說) is one of the important Korean medical theories distinguishing it from western medicine. The meridian theory(經絡學說) can be divided broadly into meridians(經脈) and collaterals(絡脈). The studies on meridians(經脈) have been relatively advanced, but the studies on the collaterals(絡脈) has not been enough progressed so far. Fifteen main collaterals(十五絡脈) are the biggest and most important part of collaterals(絡脈). Unlike other collateral(絡脈), fifteen main collaterals(十五絡脈) have certain routes and their own collateral acupoints(絡穴). So we studied the structure of collateral(絡脈) mainly on fifteen main collaterals(十五絡脈). In addition, we searched the Asian symbolic-mathematical(象數學的) meaning of the fifteen main collaterals(十五絡脈) and newly described them. As a result, the concept of collaterals(絡脈) has been created by the accumulation of clinical experience later than that of meridians(經脈), and it has been formed while the meridian theory(經絡學說) were developed. The meaning of 'fifteen' in fifteen main collaterals(十五絡脈) could be analysed in three ways based on the result of symbolic-mathematical(象數 學的) study. According to those results, we could find that the structure of fifteen main collaterals(十五絡脈) in "Internal Classic(內經)" was accurate.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.72-77
• /
• 2020

Objectives: This study was carried out to concrete the concept of Hand Gworeum Skin referred in Suwen of Huangdi Neijing. Methods: The Hand Gworeum Meridian was labeled with latex in the body surface of the cadaver, subsequently dissecting a superficial fascia and muscular layer in order to observe internal structures. Results: Skin histologically encompasses a common integument and a immediately below superficial fascia, this study established the skin boundary with adjacent structures such as relative muscle, tendon as its compass. The realm of the Hand Gworeum Skin is as follows: The skin close to the nipple on the 4th intercostal space, the interceps of biceps brachii muscle, the cubital surface at ulnad of bicipital aponeurosis, the anterior surface of the forearm, between flexor carpi radialis and palmaris longus(from wrist crease to 5chon above), the palm between the 3rd and 4th metacarpals on the cross part with the palm crease, the radiod from the middle finger nail(or the end of middle finger). The realm of the Hand Gworeum Skin is situated on between Hand Taeeum Skin and Hand Soeum Skin in front of arm. Conclusion: The realm of Hand Gworeum Skin from the anatomical viewpoint seems to be the skin area outside the superficial fascia or the muscle involved in the pathway of the Hand Gworeum Meridian vessel, Collateral Meridian vessel, and Meridian muscle, being considered adjacent vessels or nerves at the same time.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.47-55
• /
• 2012

Objectives : The aim of this study was to understand the meaning of meridian in "Woegwasimbeopyogyeol (WGS)" of "The Golden Mirror of Medicine (GMM)". Methods : We compared the meaning of meridian in WGS with in Jagusimbeopyogyeol (JGS) of GMM. Results : Objectivity and clearness is obtained by inserting the meridian and collateral diagram and the partially expanded diagram in WGS and JGS. The meridian song (a quatrain with seven) in WGS is placed at the beginning of the chapter, indicating its importance. Kihyeoldaso of 12 meridians is detailed in WGS, so as to reduce the harmful effect when doctors diagnose, treat and prognose. It is important to understand the meaning of meridian When doctors treat carbunculosis. The symptoms of a disease is classified by parts and shown in diagram, which can play an important role in diagnosis. Conclusions : The WGS follows the meanings of meridian and the complementary structure in JGS.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.1-4
• /
• 2014

Objectives : The capillary destruction has frequently been used to treat telangiectasia in Korean Medicine. The objective of this study was to review of related literature concerning the capillary destruction as treatment for telangiectasia, and to discuss the clinical application of medical devices in accordance with the principles of Korean Medicine. Methods and Results : An extensive traditional literature including Huangdi Neijing were reviewed for identification of relevant evidence for treating telangiectasia. The telangiectasia is simply defined as a dilated, superficial blood vessel. It is called as the tertiary collateral vessel, superficial collateral vessel or Hyulrak(small superficial collateral vessel). The telangiectasia could be due to disturbances in the circulation of qi and blood. According to Huangdi Neijing, one of the oldest traditional literature published in 4th century B.C. through the first century A.D., it is needed to get rid of the vessel by the capillary destruction for treating telangiectasia using lance needle, shear needle, stiletto needle or moxibustion. Several studies have examined that intense pulsed light or laser as new therapeutic tools could have an sufficiently impact on aspects of improving the effectiveness of the capillary destruction. Conclusions : The capillary destruction for the treatment of telangiectasia has been used since two thousand years ago. We suggested that medical devices, such as intense pulsed light or laser, should be used to treat telangiectasia as a safe and convenient intervention in clinical practice of Korean Medicine.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.164-171
• /
• 2017

목적 : 본 연구는 음허로 인한 야간발열 환자 2명에 대한 동씨침의 영골 및 대백혈의 치료효과를 알아보고, 이를 경락학적으로 고찰하는데 목적이 있다. 방법 : 음허로 진단된 2명의 환자를 대상으로 영골 및 대백혈에 침 치료를 시행하고, 15분 간 유침하였으며, 치료 전 후에 체온과 맥박을 측정하고, 구갈에 관한 NRS를 치료전에 측정하였다. 결과 : 영골 및 대백혈 자침 1시간 후 체온이 두명의 환자 모두 정상범위로 하강하였으며, Case 1의 경우는 영골 및 대백혈 자침치료를 시작한지 13일후, Case 2의 경우에는 14일 후에 야간발열 증상이 소실되었다. 11 pm에 측정한 맥박수는 Case 1에서 침 치료 시작 전 평균 82.6에서 치료 기간 중에는 75.2, 치료 후 74.8로 변화하였고, Case 2에서는 침 치료 시작전 평균 83.5에서 치료 기간 중에는 78.5, 치료 후 74.3으로 변화하였다. NRS는 Case 1에서 치료 전 평균 4.2에서 치료 기간 중에는 3.2, 치료 후 1.7로 감소하였으나 Case 2에서는 치료 전 평균 3.3에서 치료 기간 중에는 2.3, 치료 후 2.4로 변화하였다. 결론 : 두 가지 Case에서 영골 및 대백혈 자침은 발열증상을 완화하는데 효과적이었다. 이는 영골 및 대백혈이 수양명대장경의 경락 및 경근이 분포하는 영역에 위치하고 있기 때문에 수양명대장경의 열성병 치료효과와 대장주진의 생리학적 관점에서 고찰해 볼 수 있으며, 앞으로 이와 관련한 체계적이고 다양한 연구가 필요하리라 사료된다.

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.50-54
• /
• 2014

Objectives: Digital infrared thermographic imaging (DITI) has been used widely for various inflammatory diseases, circulatory diseases, skin diseases, musculoskeletal diseases and cancers. In cases of ligament injury, obviously the temperature of the damaged area increases due to local inflammation; however, whether the temperature also increases due to DITI has not been determined. The purpose of the present study was to identify whether or not the changes of temperature in patient's with medial collateral ligament injury were really due to infrared thermography and to determine the applicability of DITI for assessing ligament injuries. Methods: Twenty patient's who underwent DITI for a medial collateral ligament injury from September 2012 to June 2014 were included in the current study. The thermographic images from the patient's knees were divided to cover seven sub-areas: the middle of the patella, and the inferomedial, the inferolateral, the superomedial, the superolateral, the medial, and the lateral regions of patella. The temperatures of the seven regions were measured, and the temperature differences between affected and unaffected regions were analyzed by using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: The 20 patient's were composed of 14 women (70%) and 6 men (30%), with a mean age of $62.15{\pm}15.71$ (mean${\pm}$standard deviation (SD)) years. The temperature of the affected side, which included the middle of the patella, and the inferomedial, the superomedial, the superolateral, and the medial regions, showed a significant increase compared to that of the unaffected side (P < 0.05). The inferolateral and the lateral regions showed no significant changes. Conclusion: Our study results suggest that DITI can show temperature changes if a patient has a ligament injury and that it can be applied in the evaluation of a medial collateral ligament injury.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.423-428
• /
• 2017

Vestibular compensation is a recovery process from vestibular symptoms over time after unilateral loss of peripheral vestibular end organs. The aim of the present study was to observe time-dependent changes in long-term potentiation (LTP) at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses in the CA1 area of the hippocampus during vestibular compensation. The input-output (I/O) relationships of fEPSP amplitudes and LTP induced by theta burst stimulation to Schaffer's collateral commissural fibers were evaluated from the CA1 area of hippocampal slices at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL). The I/O relationships of fEPSPs in the CA1 area was significantly reduced within 1 week post-op and then showed a non-significant reduction at 1 month after UL. Compared with sham-operated animals, there was a significant reduction of LTP induction in the hippocampus at 1 day and 1 week after UL. However, LTP induction levels in the CA1 area of the hippocampus also returned to those of sham-operated animals 1 month following UL. These data suggest that unilateral injury of the peripheral vestibular end organs results in a transient deficit in synaptic plasticity in the CA1 hippocampal area at acute stages of vestibular compensation.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2006

Objectives : The aim of this study was to analyze the symptoms of a disease and to elucidate the meaning and rationale of point selection in YuLongFu. Methods : We translated YuLongFu into Korean and analyzed symptoms based upon a comparison of YuLongFu with YuLongGe. The meaning and rationale of point selection in YuLongFu was then inferred from the analysis above. Results and Conclusions : Total 46 points (6 points were repeated) were used in YuLongFu. These points included the collateral Meridian, the four seas, five shu points, lower confluent points, yuan points and eight influential points. Moxibustion and pricking blood therapy were used twice. Generally, threre are a lot of diseases caused by stagnation of Qi and blood in YuLongFu. Point selection, therefore, was usually aimed at promoting flow of Qi and blood.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2005

This study was carried out to identify the components of the human heart meridian muscle, the regional muscle group being divided into outer, middle, and inner layers. The inner parts of the body surface were opened widely to demonstrate muscles, nerves, blood vessels and to expose the inner structure of the heart meridian muscle in the order of layers. We obtained the following results; $\cdot$ The heart meridian muscle is composed of muscles, nerves and blood vessels. $\cdot$ In human anatomy, the difference between terms is present (that is, between nerves or blood vessels which control the meridian muscle and those which pass near by). $\cdot$ The inner composition of the heart meridian muscle in the human arm is as follows: 1) Muscle H-l: latissimus dorsi muscle tendon, teres major muscle, coracobrachialis muscle H-2: biceps brachialis muscle, triceps brachialis muscle, brachialis muscle H-3: pronator teres muscle and brachialis muscle H-4: palmar carpal ligament and flexor ulnaris tendon H-5: palmar carpal ligament & flexor retinaculum, tissue between flexor carpi ulnaris tendon and flexor digitorum superficialis tendon, flexor digitorum profundus tendon H-6: palmar carpal ligament & flexor retinaculum, flexor carpi ulnaris tendon H-7: palmar carpal ligament & flexor retinaculum, tissue between flexor carpi ulnaris tendon and flexor digitorum superficial is tendon, flexor digitorum profundus tendon H-8: palmar aponeurosis, 4th lumbrical muscle, dorsal & palmar interrosseous muscle H-9: dorsal fascia, radiad of extensor digiti minimi tendon & extensor digitorum tendon 2) Blood vessel H-1: axillary artery, posterior circumflex humeral artery H-2: basilic vein, brachial artery H-3: basilic vein, inferior ulnar collateral artery, brachial artery H-4: ulnar artery H-5: ulnar artery H-6: ulnar artery H-7: ulnar artery H-8: palmar digital artery H-9: dorsal digital vein, the dorsal branch of palmar digital artery 3) Nerve H-1: medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve, median n., ulnar n., radial n., musculocutaneous n., axillary nerve H-2: median nerve, ulnar n., medial antebrachial cutaneous n., the branch of muscular cutaneous nerve H-3: median nerve, medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve H-4: medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve, ulnar nerve H-5: ulnar nerve H-6: ulnar nerve H-7: ulnar nerve H-8: superficial branch of ulnar nerve H-9: dorsal digital branch of ulnar nerve.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.67-80
• /
• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this survey is the development on the neck pain for acupuncture and moxibustion clinical guideline. Methods : The survey questionnaire was developed by the committee of experts who major in acupuncture & moxibustion or statistics for acupuncture clinical trial protocol development. The questionnaires were distributed via e-mail to 75 members of Korean Acupuncture & moxibustion society. 57 members completed answers, and the computerized data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 statistical program. Results and Conclusions : 1. The first selected pattern identification on the neck pain This study shows that the meridian pattern identification was selected 35 times(61.4%), the pattern identification based on cause of disease was selected 8 times(14.0%), the visceral pattern identification was selected 7 times(12.3%), the other pattern identification was selected 4 times(7.0%), Qi blood yin yang pattern identification was selected 2 times(3.5%), according to symptoms was selected 1 time(2.4%). 2. Meridian pattern identification Small intestine meridian of hand Taeyang was used 39 times(18.1%), Large intestine meridian of hand Yangmyeong and Bladder meridian of foot Taeyang was used 34 times(15.7%), Gall-bladder meridian of foot Soyang was 32 times(14.8%), Tripple energizer meridian of hand Soyang was used 31 times(14.4%), Governor meridian was used 30 times(13.9%), Lung meridian of hand Taeeum was used 8 times(3.7%), Heart meridian of hand Soeum and Pericarduim meridian of hand Gworeum was used 4 times(1.9%). 3. Pattern identification based on cause of disease Wind-Cold-Dampness was used 31 times(17.5%), Accumulation of the collateral by Phelgm-Dampness was used 16 times(14.0%), affection by exopathogen Wind-Cold(stiff neck, sprain of cervical) was used 13 times (11.4%), Defecient-Cold was used 10 times(8.8%), affection by exopathogen Wind-Dampness was used 9 times(7.9%), Deep Invasion by Wind-Cold was used 8 times(7.0%), Wind-Cold was used 7 times (6.1%), Wind-Cold was used 6 times(5.3%), Accumulation in the Center by Phelgm-Dampness, Imparement of bou fluid by Pathogenic Heat, Wind-Heat with Dampness was used 5 times(4.4%), affection by exopathogen Wind-Dampness and Accumulation of the collateral by Wind-Cold was used 4 times(3.5%), Invasion of Dampness-Heat was used 2 times(1.8%). 4. Visceral pattern identification Rising of the Liver yang was used 16 times(41%), Yin deficiency of Liver and Kidney+pathogens was used 15 times(38.5%), Yin deficiency of Liver and Kidney was used 8 times(20.5%) on this survey.