• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.195-203
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• 2020

The following key questions and recommendations are presented herein: when is airway intubation initiated in severe trauma? Airway intubation must be initiated in severe trauma patients with a GCS of 8 or lower (1B). Should rapid sequence intubation (RSI) be performed in trauma patients? RSI should be performed in trauma patients to secure the airway unless it is determined that securing the airway will be problematic (1B). What should be used as an induction drug for airway intubation? Ketamine or etomidate can be used as a sedative induction drug when RSI is being performed in a trauma patient (2B). If cervical spine damage is suspected, how is cervical protection achieved during airway intubation? When intubating a patient with a cervical spine injury, the extraction collar can be temporarily removed while the neck is fixed and protected manually (1C). What alternative method should be used if securing the airway fails more than three times? If three or more attempts to intubate the airway fail, other methods should be considered to secure the airway (1B). Should trauma patients maintain normal ventilation after intubation? It is recommended that trauma patients who have undergone airway intubation maintain normal ventilation rather than hyperventilation or hypoventilation (1C). When should resuscitative thoracotomy be considered for trauma patients? Resuscitative thoracotomy is recommended for trauma patients with penetrating injuries undergoing cardiac arrest or shock in the emergency room (1B).

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.221-229
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• 1985

우리나라 참붕어의 아가미에서 검출되는 Echinochasmus속 피낭유충을 마우스에서 실험감염 시킨 후 성충을 얻어 종을 동안하고 마우스내에서의 간단한 발육상황을 관찰하였다. 1. 참붕어에서 수집한 Echinochasmus속 피낭유충은 타원형으로 $0.073~0.078{\times}0.054~0.065{\;}mm$의 크기이었고 탈낭시킨 표본에서 두관(head crown) 및 두극(collar spine)이 뚜렷하며 두극은 좌우 12개씩 총 24개가 구흡반 주위를 일열로 둘러싸고 있었으나 구흡반배측에서 연결이 끊어져 있었다. 2. 마우스로부터의 충체회수율은 감염 1일부터 21일까지 평균 19.5%이었고 감염기간 경과에 따른 감소는 관찰되지 않았다. 충체는 주로 마우스의 소양하부에서 회수되었다. 3. 마우스 체내에서 충체는 5일후면 모든 생식기관이 성숙되었고 충체 길이는 7일에 최대에 달한 후 21일까지 큰 변화가 없었다. 생식기관의 감염 7일까지 성장은 비생생기관과는 달리 {$\ulcorner}S자{\Ircorner}$형 곡선을 보였다. 감염 5~6일 후 마우스의 대변에서 크기 평균 $0.0865{\times}0.0608mm$인 충란이 검출되었고 감염 5일에 회수된 충체 자궁에서 1~2개의 충란이 발견되었다. 4. 감염 7일째의 성충을 관찰한 바 충체외형은 란원형으로 크기 $0.54~0.69{\times}0.29~0.34{\;}mm$이었고 잘 발달된 두관과 좌우 12개씩 총 24개의 두극을 가지고 있므려, 란황선이 복흡반 부위에서 충체 후단까지 분포하는 점 등으로 Echinochasmus japonicus Tanabe, 1926으로 동정되었다. 이상의 결과로 참붕어가 우리나라에서 E. japonicus 중간숙주 중 하나임이 확증되었다.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.253-265
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• 2022

A study on silica-scaled chrysophytes(Chrysophyceae and Synurophyceae) from Mt. Sinbul alpine wetland, South Korea was performed from January 2018 to March 2020 using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We found a total of 19 taxa of silica-scaled chrysophytes; Mallomonas(13); Synura (3); Chromophysomonas (1); Chrysosphaerella (1); and Paraphysomonas(1), of which six taxa, including two new species(Mallomonas dimorphus sp. nov. and Mallomonas alpestris sp. nov.), were reported for the first time in Korea. All the species are illustrated with SEM micrographs and briefly described with regard to their taxonomy. Two new species were described based on the cell shape, size and ultrastructure of the scales and bristles. Mallomonas dimorphus sp. nov. belongs to the Sectio Heterospinae in that its scales have a flat dome, a reticulated secondary layer and needle shaped bristles. However, this species is distinguished from other taxa in the Sectio by two different patterns of shield ornamentation and a dome ornamentation. Mallomonas alpestris sp. nov. belongs to Series Torquatae (Sectio Torquatae) characterized elongated domed collar scales, domeless body scales and rear scales with a short spine. However, it is different from all other taxa in the Sectio Torquatae as well as Series Torquatae by shield ornamentation of the body and rear scales with evenly spaced transverse ribs and papillae.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.85-89
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• 2024

Postoperative atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation (AARS) is a rare complication that develops almost exclusively in children following oropharyngeal and otologic surgeries, proposing that oropharyngeal inflammatory responses and excessive head rotation are responsible factors. However, there have been no reports of AARS after excision of a nevus on the head and neck. Here, we present two cases of AARS following limited head rotation during simple nevus excision. Patient 1, a 9-year-old girl, complained of neck pain and limited range of motion after excision of the nevus on the neck. After 2 months, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging finally revealed AARS with a ruptured transverse atlantal ligament. A month of halo traction was required for the treatment. Patient 2, an 11-year-old girl, presented with immediate pain and limited neck extension after tissue expander insertion under the upper chest and excision of the nevus on her left cheek. The diagnosis was promptly made using cervical spine radiography. A cervical collar was applied for 1 month. Both patients recovered without any complications after treatment. This report highlights the importance of suspicion for AARS after surgery regardless of surgical duration or amount of head rotation.