• 제목/요약/키워드: coliform

검색결과 901건 처리시간 0.026초

市販豆腐 成分 및 細菌汚染에 관한 硏究 (A Study on Ingredient and Bacterial Contamination of Bean Curd on the Market)

  • Hong, Ki-Wha
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 1983
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze general ingredient of bean cured on the market and to examine its exposure to bacterial contamination. For this study, 17 samples (each 9 samples for general bean curd, soft bean curd, and uncurdled bean curd) were randomly collected from nine areas in Seoul from the beginning of April, 1983 to the beginning of June, 1983. The result of ingredient analysis of moisture, ash, and protein of bean curd was compared with the standard set by the Ministry of Health & Social Affairs. In order to find out exposure of bean curd on the market to bacterial contamination, total biological bacteria and coliform group were examined. Experimental results were shown as follows 1) Results of ingredient analysis of moisture, ash, and protein of general bean curd showed that total samples in both moisture and protein met the standard set by the Ministry of Health & Social Affairs but 44.4% of the samples in ash was below the above standard, indicating average 82.0%, 0.9% and 9.6% in moisture, ash, and protein order. 2) Experimental results of moisture, ash, and protein of soft bean curd demonstrated 90.2%, 0.5% and 4.3% respectively total samples in both moisture and protein satisfied the self-criteria set by the Soft Food Co-operative Association of Seoul City but 11.1% of the samples in ash didn't meet the self-criteria. 3) Total samples of uncurdled bean curd satisfied the self-criteria set by the above association, indicating average 92.0%, 0.4%, and 3.5% in moisture, ash, and protein order. 4) Total biological bacteria and coliform group detected in general bean curd showed that more than 10$^5$/g in total biological bacteria accounted for 88.8% of the samples and that 10$^4$/g or more in coliform group accounted for 77.7% of the samples. The result proves that general bean curd has been exposured to a severe bacterial contamination. 5) Result of total biological bacteria and coliform group detected in such packed bean curd as uncurdled bean curd and soft bean curd showed that 61.6% of the samples exceeded 10$^6$/g in total biological bacteria and 27.7% of the samples exceeded 10$^3$/g in coliform group. 6) According to the change with time and temperatures in total biological bacteria and coliform group of general bean curd, general bean curd began to decay around 72 hours at 4$\circ$C and around 48 hours at 23$\circ$C and around 24 hours at 37$\circ$C and, at that time, total biological bacteria approached 10$^6$/g while coliform group did 10$^6$/g. The result indicates that temperature has a great effect on bacteria counts and decay.

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식수에서 분리한 대장균군의 생화학적 성상에 의한 균종별 분포 (Biochemical Classification of Coliforms Isolated from Drinking Water)

  • 함희진;안미진;박석기
    • 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.227-232
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    • 1999
  • 세균오염지표인 대장균군의 균종별 분포를 조사함으로써 세균학적 의미를 조사하고자 본 실험을 실시하였다. 1997년 6-7월에 서울시 보건환경 연구원에 의뢰된 옹달샘 시료와 지하수 시료를 실험에 사용하였고, 옹달샘 유래 대장균군 112주와 지하수 유래 대장균군 24주를 IMViC test와 API 20E kit(BioMeriux)를 사용하여 균 분리 동정한 후 합계 136균주를 대상으로 실험하였다. 대장균군을 분리 동정한 결과 23균종이 분리되었으며, 균종별로는 Esherichia 속균 39주(28.6%), Klebsiella 속균 32주(23.5%), Enterobacter 속균 30주(22.1%), Serratia 속균 19주(14.0%), Citrobacter 속균 6주(4.4%), Kluyvera 속균 4주*3.0%) 그리고 기타 6주 (4.4%)로 나타났다. 분리 균주들의 EMB agar상의 집락 색상은 녹색 금속 광택 50.7%, 분홍색 44.2%, 자주색 5.1%로 나타났고, 형태는 smooth colony 64.7%, mucoid colony 34.6%, rough colony 0.7%로 각각 나타났다. 생화학적 시험결과 lactose broth 에서는 가스를 생성하였으나 KIA에서는 gas를 생성치 않은 균종이 Ent. intermedium, Ser. liquefaciencs, Ser. marcescenes 그리고 Sal. arizoae이었고, H2S를 생성한 대장균군으로는 Kleb. pneumoniae, Kleb. oxytoca, Kleb. ornithinolytica, Ent. sakasakii, Ent. cloacae, Ser. Liquefaciens, Ser. ficaria, Cit. freundii 그리고 Sal. arizoae이었다. 이상의 결과 대장균군 정성시험 양성을 나타내는 대장균군은 대부분이 E. coli, Klebsilla 속균 그리고 Enterobacter 속균이었다. 또한 향후 대장균군 정성시험 시 EMB agar 상에서 녹색 금석성 광택 집락 외에도 분홍색 집락이 주의시되어지며, rough colony는 대장균군 분리에서 제외되는 것이 좋을 것으로 사료된다. 한편, 생화학적 성상 검토 결과 새로운 형태의 대장균군 출현 가능성이 있을 것으로 전망된다.

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유통 생식제품의 미생물 분포 및 감마선 조사를 이용한 위생화 (Distribution of Microflora in Powdered Raw Grains and Vegetables and Improvement of Hygienic Quality by Gamma Irradiation)

  • 김동호;송현파;육홍선;정영진;김영지;변명우
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제31권4호
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    • pp.589-593
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    • 2002
  • 유통 생씩 5종의 수분 함량 4.22~7.18%의 범위였으며 수분활성은 0.15~0.26의 분포를 보여 미생물에 의한 변패보다는 낮은 수분활성에서도 생존해 있는 병원성 미생물의 제거가 생식의 중요한 품질관리 요소일 것으로 판단된다. 생식의 미생물분포는 Bacillus group $10^4$~$10^{7}$ cfu/g, 사상균류 $10^2$~$10^3$cfu/g, coliform group $10^1$~ $10^4$cfu/g, SS agar plate 분리 enteric bacteria group $10^1$~$10^3$cfu/g의 수준으로 특히 병원성 미생물의 오염가능성이 컸다. 감마선 조사 결과 coliform group, SS agar plate 분리 enteric bacteria group, 그리고 사상균류는 3 kGy의 조사선량에서 완전살균 수준으로 제거되었다. 생식 분포 미생물의 D값은 coliform group은 0.68~0.80 kGy, SS agar plate 분리 enteric bacteria group은 0.59~0.74 kGy, Bacillus group은 1.84~2.18 kGy, 사상균류는 0.36~0.57 kGy의 범위를 나타내었다. 생식제품의 위생화를 목적으로 할 경우 감마선조사 선량은 생식제품에 분포하는 coliform group과 SS agar plate 분리 enteric bacteria group 미생물의 사멸기준인 3~5 kGy의 수준으로 설정하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 사료된다.

시판 식물성 식품의 오염지표세균 분포 및 저장온도, 기간별 오염지표세균의 변화 (Distribution of Indicator Organisms and Influence of Storage Temperature and Period in Commercial Plant Food)

  • 이용욱;박석기
    • 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 1999
  • There were few data for the distribution of the indicator organisms in the commercial plant foods, and for the normal flora and for the foodborne agents within the country. First of all it must be investigated the distribution of the indicator organisms. And also it is very important to prepare the sanitation criteria for the plant foods through the microbiological examination and the investigation of tendency to change of the indicator organisms according to the storage temperature and period. The average number of total viable counts for grains was 2.9$\times$105/g, psychrophilic bacteria 2.9$\times$105/g, heterotrophic bacteria 3.1$\times$105/g, heat-resistant bacteria 2.1$\times$103/g, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 23/g. That for beans was 6.3$\times$102/g, psychrophile 34/g, heterotroph 1.7$\times$102/g. That for sesames was 1.4$\times$105/g, coliform 350/g, psychrophile 7.4$\times$104/g, heterotroph 5.8$\times$104/g, Pseud. aeruginosa 2.3$\times$103/g. heat-resistant bacteria 150/g. That for potatoes was 2.0$\times$107/g, coliform 5.0$\times$104/g, psychrophile 1.8$\times$107, heterotroph 1.4$\times$107/g, heat-resistant bacteria 3.3$\times$104/, Staphylococcus 2.7$\times$105/g, fecal streptococcus 4.5$\times$103/g, Pseud. aeruginosa 7.0$\times$103/g. That for mushrooms was 1.2$\times$108/g, psychrophile 9.4$\times$107/g, heterotroph 1.0$\times$109/g, heat-resistant bacteria 1.6$\times$105/g, Pseud. aeruginosa 1.3$\times$103/g. That for vegetables was 5.9$\times$1011/g, coliform 1.8$\times$106g/, Staphylococcus 1.1$\times$1012/g, heterotroph 8.4$\times$1011/g, heat-resistant bacteria 7.6$\times$106/g, Staphylococcus 1.1$\times$107/g, fecal streptococcus 1.1$\times$104/g, Pseud. aerugniosa 5.2$\times$104/g. That for nuts 3.9$\times$104/g, coliform 3.9$\times$103/g, psychrophile 4.0$\times$104/g, heterotroph 3.2$\times$104/g, heat-resistant bacteria 400/g. In commercial grains and beans, SPC, psychrophile, heterotroph and heat-resistant bacteria stored at 1$0^{\circ}C$, 2$0^{\circ}C$, 3$0^{\circ}C$ were constant. Staphylococcus, coliform, Pseud. aeruginosa were decreased a little n grains, but were not detected in beans. In mushrooms, all indicator organisms were increased as time goes on and were increased rapidly at 2$0^{\circ}C$. In sesames, coliform was not detected at all temperature. psychrophile was increased for 7 days, the others were constant. In potatoes, SPC, psychrophile, heat-resistant bacteria, heterotroph had a tendency to increase and the others were constant. In vegetables, indicator organisms were had a tendency to increase, psychrophile, heterotroph were rapidly increased after 7 days. In nuts, SPC, coliform, psychrophile heterotroph, heat-resistant bacteria, Pseud. aeruginosa were constant, staphylococcus and fecal streptococcus were not detected.

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낙동상 하류 수역의 Microflora (Microflora of the Lower Part of the Nagdong River)

  • 김용관;이태식;신일식
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.47-53
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    • 1990
  • This experiment was carried out to evaluate general characteristics of the water quality, total coliform, fecal coliform and microflora at the St. 1 to St. 3 and St. 4 to St. 7. Eighty-four water samples were collected from the 7 stations from July 1988 to April 1990 (see Fig. 1) Range and mean value of the samples were as follows water temperature 2.0-29.9$^{\circ}$C, 16.3$^{\circ}$C pH 6.86-9.08, 7.62: electrical conductivity 54.85$\mu \mho$/cm, 4.300 m$\mho$/cm, 911.93 $\mu \mho$/cm : turbidity 0.9-36 NTU, 6.8 NTU, respectively. pH and electrical conductivity at St. 4 to St. 7 were higher than those at St. 1 to St. 3, but turbidity at St. 1 to St. 2 was 7 times higher than that at Sonagdong river area. The bacterial density of the samples ranged 91-110,000/100ml for total coliform. 21-15,000/100ml for fecal coliform. Specially, the geometric mean value of the St. 3 was 11,836 / 100ml for it leveled heavy contaminaiton. Predominant species among the 3,874 strains isolated form the samples were 30.6% Enterobacteriaceae, 14.7% Acinetobacter, 9.0% Aeromonas. 8.9% Neisseria, and 7.5% Vibrio.

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최근 5년간 서울시내 약수터에서 분리한 여시니아속균의 균종별 분포 및 생화학적 성상 조사 (Characteristics on Yersinia spp. from Spring water in Seoul on recent 5 years)

  • 함희진;안미진;김정현
    • 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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    • 제13권4호
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    • pp.412-418
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    • 1998
  • It was perfomed to investigate for Yersinia species from 2,841 spring waters in Seoul, from 1994 to 1998. Of them, Yersinia spp. were isolated 86 isolated (3.3%). Of 86, sixty two isolates(71.1%) were Yesinia enterocolitica, followed by Y. aldovae (11 strains), Y. pseudotuberculosis (5 strains), Y. frederiksenii (3 strains), unclassified Yersinia spp. (5 strains). Yersinia spp. were highest isolated from Nowon-Gu (22 samples asd Bukhan Mountain Park isolated(18 samples). We tested 1.186 samples for SPC and colifrom from 1996 to 1998. of these tests, the positive rate of coliform was 23.6%, SPC, 9.1%, and either coliform of SPC positive 27.1%. The positive rates of coliform and SPC were decreased 26.7%, 12.7% in 1996, 25.8%, 6.3% in 1997 and 18.1%, 7.6% in 1998 , rerspectively. Of Y. enterocolitica, 78% was resistant to ampicillin and carbenicillin. In the case of Y. aldovae, only 3 of 11 isolated were resistant to carbenicillin. Y. pseudotuberculosis were resistant to colistin. Also Y. frederiksenii to carbenicillin. There were many spring waters of Y. enterocolitical isolated from Nowon-Gu and Buk-han Mountain Park. So, it needs to clean the environment of those regions.

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하수에서의 대장균수 확률분포 특성 분석 (Statistics and Probability Distribution of Total Coliforms in Wastewater)

  • 전상민;송인홍;정한석;강문성;박승우
    • 한국농공학회논문집
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    • 제55권3호
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    • pp.105-111
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    • 2013
  • Probability distribution of microbes in wastewater is a crucial factor to be determined for microbial risk assessment associated with its reuse. The objective of this study was to investigate probability distribution of an indicator microorganism in wastewater. Daily total coliform counts measured from nationwide wastewater treatment plants in 2010 by the Ministry of Environment were used for statistical analysis. Basic statistics and probability distributions were estimated in the three different spatial scales using the MS Excel software and FARD2006 model. Overall, wastewater from manure and livestock treatment plants demonstrated greater median coliform counts than from sewage and village treatment plants. Generalized logistic (GLO) and 2-parameter Weibull (WBU2) appeared to be the two probability distributions that fitted best for total coliform numbers in wastewater. The study results of microbial statistics and probability distributions would provide useful data for quantitative assessment of microbial risk from agricultural wastewater reuse.

산화지와 수생식물 처리지를 결합한 통합 처리 시스템의 살균효율에 관한 연구 (Disinfection Efficiency of the Waste Stabilization Ponds Coupled with Aquatic Plant Ponds)

  • 김영철;정하영;이래범;임경은
    • 한국습지학회지
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.23-41
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    • 2002
  • In this paper, changes of the coliform bacteria were investigated when aquatic plant pond was used for separating algal particles from waste stabilization ponds(WSPs). Three different types of integrated natural systems were operated. It was found that there were no significant interferences for the disinfection efficiency of two integrated systems (WSPs coupled with water hyacinth ponds) used for treating domestic sewage and upgrading the secondary effluent as well. However, when constructed wetland (CW) was combined with the shallow algal ponds and used for the secondary effluent, it seriously interfered with the disinfection efficiency due to the regrowth and/or after-growth of the coliform bacteria, which can readily metabolize the amino acids and sugars leached from plants. In order to find out the primary disinfection parameters, several sets of the batch test were run. It was found that sunlight is the most predominant factor for the coliform decay. During the night, algal toxicity partly supports the decay but during the day, deteriorates it by attenuating the sunlight. The pH in the range of 4 to 10 did not affect the decay in the dark.

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Polecat Creek 유역의 분변성 대장균 배출 부하 특성 (Fecal Coliform Bacteria Loading from the Polecat Creek Watershed in Virginia, USA)

  • ;임상준
    • 생태와환경
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    • 제37권1호통권106호
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    • pp.106-111
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    • 2004
  • 분변성 대장균(Fecal coliform bacteria)은 미국 버지니아주의 수체에 있어서 주요 오염원 중의 하나이다. 1995년부터 2000년까지의 Polecat creek유역의 4개 측정지점에 대하여 하천수의 분변성대장균 농도를 조사하였다. 조사기간 동안에 측정된 분변성 대장균 농도의 중앙값은 80 cfu/100mL부터 170 cfu/100mL까지 변화하였으며, 기하평균은 81cfu/100mL부터 141 cfu/100mL의 범위를 보였다. Caroline호의 수체에 의한 희석과 침전 등의 영향으로 측정지점 QPB의 분변성 대장균 농도가 주변의 측정지점인 QPD보다 낮게 나타났다. 계절별로는 여름철(6${\sim}$8월)에 비교적 높은 농도를 보인 반면에 겨울철(12${\sim}$82월)에는 상대적으로 분변성 대장균의 농도가 낮게 조사되었다. 이는 여름철 기간동안에 가축과 야생동물들이 하천에서 보내는 시간이 많기 때문에 이들 동물의 분비물이 직접 하천으로 유입되며, 낮은 온도보다는 높은 온도에서 대장균의 생장과 번식이 활발하기 때문이다. 본 연구의 결과로부터 분변성 대장균과 같은 미생물의 조사는 조사목적에 따라 측정시기를 결정하는 것이 측정에 의한 오차를 배제할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

Prevalence and Comparing of Some Microbiological Properties, Somatic Cell Count and Antibiotic Residue of Organic and Conventional Raw Milk Produced in Turkey

  • Urkek, Bayram;Sengul, Mustafa;Erkaya, Tuba;Aksakal, Vecihi
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제37권2호
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    • pp.264-273
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    • 2017
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of production systems and milk collection periods on the somatic cell count (SCC), some microbiological properties, total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB), coliform, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), yeast and mould) and antibiotic residue of milk; in Turkey. Milk samples were collected from 9 conventional farms and 9 organic farms during one year time, at six different months (December 2013 to October 2014), and all farms were selected from the same geographical locations. All organically managed farms had organic production certificates given by the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock. The count of TAMB, coliform, and coagulase positive S. aureus were affected by production systems at the level of p<0.01; yeast and mold, and somatic cell count (SCC) were affected at the level of p<0.05. But, differences according to months were statistically significant only on TAMB (p<0.01) and coliform (p<0.05) counts. The general means of TAMB, coliform and yeast and mould counts of the organic milk (OM) were significantly lower (p<0.05), while the general means of SCC and coagulase positive S. aureus count of the OM was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to conventional milk (CM). Antibiotic residue was determined in one of the CM sample and in two of the OM samples. Our study is the first research that compared conventional and organic milk in Turkey. This study indicated that the microbiological quality of OM was the higher in terms of TAMB, coliform and yeast and mould, whereas was the lower in relation to SCC and coagulase positive S. aureus counts. But, the quality of both milk types should be improved.