• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.222-225
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• 2016

In this study, the performance of five selective media for coliform bacteria was evaluated. In total, 83 coliform isolates from ready-to-eat food and 21 reference strains were inoculated in five agar media : Chromocult coliform agar (Merck Millipore), HiCrome coliform agar (Sigma), CHROMagar ECC chromogenic media, Brilliance E. coli/coliform selective agar (OXOID), and endo agar (Merck Millipore). Coliform isolates and reference strains were inoculated on the selective media to test media sensitivity and specificity. The tested media showed the following sensitivities for the isolated strains: Chromocult coliforms agar and HiCrome coliform agar, 94%; Brilliance E. coli/coliform selective agar, 93%; CHROMagar ECC chromogenic media, 92%; and endo agar, 74%. In addition, all media showed 100% specificity, except for endo agar (71%). Moreover Chromocult coliform agar and HICrome coliform agar showed high levels recovery. Taken together, these results identified Chromocult coliform agar and HICrome coliform agar as an effective selective medium for coliforms with higher sensitivity and specificity compared to other media tested in this study.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.294-299
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• 1997

A study was conducted to determine contamination status of fish sold at wholesale market in Seoul. A total of 79 samples (35 different kindry fish) were collected from the wholesale market. E. coli and coliform group bacteria were cultured and tested for sensitivity against antibiotics. The results are summarized as follows; 1. E. coli was isolated from 23 out of 79 samples (29.1%), and coliform groups from 53 out of 79 (67.1%). 2. Of coliform group, Citrobacter freundii was the most common and Enterobacter clacae was the next. 3.23 E. coli strains isolated from fishes were resistant to Oxacillin, Erythromycin and Lincomycin, meanwhile 23 E. coli strains were sensitive to Cefoperazone, Ceftazidime, Imipenem, and Ciprofloxacin.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.193-202
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• 2002

The polymerase chain reaction(PCR) of target lacZ and uidA genes were used to detect total coliform and Escherichia coli for determining water quality, respectively. Of 109 spring waters, coliform were detected from 38 spring waters by lacZ PCR method but 21 spring waters by culture method accepted by the Ministry of Environment for water quality monitoring. The lacz PCR method gave the results statistically equivalent to those of the culture method(kappa=0.62, McNemar=17.00). The uidA PCR method gave the same results to those of the culture method. The sensitivity and specificity of coliform and E. coli by PCR method were 100% and 80.7%, respectively. Therefore, PCR can be used for the rapid identification of Escherichia coli and coliform in potable water using uidA and lacZ.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.53-62
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• 1990

There has been considerable organisms the most indicative of the sanitary quality of food products. Of the suggested indices of sanitary quality of foods are coliform organism and SPC. In addition to the usual index organisms on fish products it is also necessary to determining the sanitary quality The authors have tested with 282 fish products (spring : 39, summer : 109, autumn : 112, winter . 22) 1. The range of microbial organism in fish products are as follows Spring : SPC is $13{\times}10^3\; to\; 50{\times}10^8/g$, coliform group is $16{\times}10^2\; to\; 48{\times}10^8/g$ and 2. coli is 50 to $22{\times}10^4/100g$. Summer : SPC is 70 to$64{\times}10^9/g$. coliform group is 25 to $26{\times}10^8/g$ and E. coli is 20 to $22{\times}10^4/100g$. Autumn : SPC is $10{\times}10^3\; to\; 46{\times}10^8/g$, coliform group is 200 to $20{\times}10^5/g$ and E. coli is 20 to $22{\times}10^4/100g$. Winter : SPC is $30{\times}10^3\; to\;30{\times}10^8/g$. coliform group is $21{\times}10^2\;to\;16{\times}10^3/g$ and E. coli is 20 to 790/100g. Salmonella and Staphylococcus species were not in 282 fish products.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.615-625
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• 2023

This study evaluated the bacteriological safety of seawater and abalone produced in Uisin-myeon, Jindo-gun from September 2020 to December 2022 and calculated the effect of inland pollution sources on seawater and abalone. We surveyed 33 stations for seawater, 4 stations for abalone, and 7 stations for discharge water of major inland pollutants. We analyzed the coliform group, fecal coliform and Escherichia coli (E. coli) as bacteria indicators. In 924 seawater samples, the geometric mean of the coliform group and fecal coliform were <1.8-5.6 MPN/100 mL and <1.8-2.7 MPN/100 mL, respectively. The estimated 90^th percentile range for the coliform group and fecal coliform were <1.8-42 MPN/100 mL and <1.8-8.4 MPN/100 mL, respectively. The fecal coliform and E. coli levels for 107 abalone were <18-460 MPN/100 g and <18-78 MPN/100 g respectively. Moreover, the analyzed standard plate count was <30-7,700 CFU/g. The fecal coliform level and diffusion area in 7 inland pollutants were <1.8-3,300,000 MPN/100 mL and 2-2,500 m, respectively. The bacteriological safety of seawater and abalone in Uisin-myeon, Jindo-gun, was demonstrated to be a designated area according to Korean standards, a conditionally approved area per US standards, and Class A according to EU standards.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.10-15
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• 1993

Hygienic condition of farm waters has an effect on the hygiene of dairy foods. So we examined Standard Plate Count, coliform, E. coli, heat-resistant bacteria, psychrophilic bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterococcus for the bacterial sanitation of 78 farm waters in Kyunggi Province. Of the 78 farm waters, the average number of psychrophilic bacteria was 750 $\pm$ 170/ml, SPC 440 $\pm$ 130/ml, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 130 $\pm$ 97/100/ml, Coliform 22 $\pm$ 17/ml, E. coli 10 $\pm$ 6/100/ml, Heatresistant bacteria 5 $\pm$ 1ml, and Enterococcus 2 $\pm$ 1/100/ml. The percent of over than 1000/ml in SPC and psychrophilic bacteria of 78 farm water was 11.5% and 23.1%, respectively. The rate of over than 10/ml in coliform and heat-resistant bacteria was 12.8% and 15.4%, respectively and the rate of over than 10/100 ml in E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterococcus was 8.9%, 33.3%, and 2.6%, respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was no significant between any other indicator organisms, and psychrophilic bacteria was significant with only SPC but other indicator organisms were highly significant with each other.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 1979

To evaluate the sanitary conditions of four species of commercial shellfish (Crassostrea gigas, Tapes japonica, Mytilus coruscus and Anadara granosa), the psychrotrophic coliforms and the bacterial flora were monthly examined from January to December, 1978. Viable cell counts of the samples submitted were $1.3\times10^3\~2.5\times10^6/g$ and the numbers of coliform and E. coli were above $0\~5.5\times10^2/g\;and\;2\~9.2\times10^2/100g$ respectively. Among the 373 coliform bacteria isolated from the samples submitted, 298 strains were identified as coliform by IMViC test, $44^{\circ}C$ culture and gelatin liquefaction test. E. coli type I and K. aerogenes type I were the most predominant ones among the identified coliform as 138 strains and 71 strains respectively. The psychrotrophic coliform growing at $5^{\circ}C$ were 186 $strains(50\%)$ among 373 strains of isolated coliform. Vibrio and Pseudomonas were the most predominant groups. Among 453 strains of isolated bacteria, Vibrio was 240 $strains(53\%)$ and Pseudomonas was 91 $strains(20\%)$. Moraxella, Acinetobacter, Enterobacteriaceae and Flavobacterium-Cytophage were scantly detected. In seasonal variation of general bacterial flora, a lot of Vibrio appeared from May to October, did Moraxella during the winter season and the other genuses showed no seasonal change.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.696-700
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• 2009

The adaptability of dry rehydratable film for the qualitative evaluation of coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli was tested. In general, culture methods that employ lactose broth or desoxycholate lactose agar are used for qualitative tests of coliform bacteria. Culture using lactose broth showed a high detection yield and low selectivity when compared to the dry rehydratable film. However, culture methods that employ lactose broth required a long time(48 hrs) for qualitative tests of coliform bacteria and complicated procedures were required to prepare the medium. The detection of coliforms using desoxycholate lactose agar had a slightly higher selectivity than the dry rehydratable film method, but this difference was not statistically significant. However, the preparation of the desoxycholate lactose agar was complicated. EC broth for the detection of E. coli showed the highest detection yield and lowest selectivity; however, this method required complicated procedures for preparation of the medium as well. Overall, the dry rehydratable film had a slightly lower detection yield than the other methods. The detection yield of dry rehydratable film method was over 37.1% at a concentration of 1 cfu/$m{\ell}$. Additionally, the dry rehydratable film method showed high selectivity and did not require preparation. However, because the selectivity of the dry rehydratable film was high, it took a long time(36 hrs) to detect E. coli. Overall, these findings indicate that dry rehydratable film can be used for qualitative detection of coliforms and E. coli.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.26.1-26.7
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• 2019

Background: The monitoring of pathogens of fishery auction markets is important to obtain safe fishery products regarding hygiene and sanitation. In this study, aerobic, coliform, Escherichia coli, and Vibrio cholerae were monitored in the fishery products and environmental samples obtained from fishery auction markets. Methods: The fishery products (flounder, octopus, skate, rock cod, sea bass, snail, monkfish, flatfish, comb pen shell, corb shell, conger eel, hairtail, croaker, and pilchard) were placed in filter bags, and the environmental samples (samples from the water tanks at the fishery auction markets, seawater from the fishery distribution vehicles, ice from wooden or plastic boxes, and surface samples from wooden and plastic boxes used for fish storage) were collected. Aerobic bacteria, E. coli, and coliform in the samples were enumerated on aerobic count plates and E. coli/coliform count plates, respectively. For V. cholerae O1 and V. cholerae non-O1 quantification, most probable number (MPN)-PCR analysis was performed. Results: Aerobic and coliform bacteria were detected in most samples, but E. coli was not detected. Wooden boxes were contaminated with high levels of aerobic and coliform bacteria in all seasons (spring, summer, and fall). During fall, V. cholerae non-O1 were detected in snails, hairtails, croakers, flatfishes, pilchards, plastic boxes, and water samples. Conclusions: These results indicate an increased prevalence of V. cholerae contamination in fishery products in fall, including food contact samples, which can be vehicles for cross-contamination.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.421-424
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• 2002

Deterministic and probabilistic approaches to the design of ultraviolet (UV) disinfection system for water reclamation are reviewed and discussed. The high inactivation of TC, FC and E. coli by UV disinfection was demonstrated and the inactivations of TC, FC and E. coli were 97%, 98% and 99%, respectively. Within the range of 0.3-4.5mWs/cm, the effect of UV does on the inactivation ratio was not observed. However, in the highest wattage of UV lamp, 39W, the inactivation ratio of TC, FC and E. coli was 100%, regardless of the UV does so the UV density was more effective on inactivation ratio of TC, FC and E. coli rather than UV does. Under the 0.4 mWs/cm and 16W of UV lamp, the effect of dissolved organic matter and turbidity on the inactivations of TC, FC and E. coli could not be observed in this study within the range of 0-60mg/L and 0-40 NTU respectively.