• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.197-207
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the status and characteristics of visiting nurses' management for elders with cognitive impairment living in a community focused on health centers in a metropolitan city and five medium-sized cities. Methods: Data were collected from 47 visiting nurses working in a metropolitan city and 47 visiting nurses working in five medium-sized cities from November to December 2012. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in knowledge, attitudes, and nursing behaviors of cognitive impairment between two groups (F=2.13, p=.148; F=3.64, p=.060; F=0.28, p=.595). Among the elders referred to a physician in a metropolitan city by visiting nurses, 42.4% were diagnosed as mild cognitive impairment and 15.2% were diagnosed as severe dementia. The major intervention programs which visiting nurses currently applied for elders were medication and exercise intervention programs, and the intervention programs which they would want to apply in the future were playing, music and recall intervention programs. Conclusion: The cognitive impairment screening test can be done effectively by visiting nurses. This study also suggests to develop various kinds of intervention programs to improve cognitive function for elders living in a community.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

In this study, the effect of VR exposure programs integrated with web-based cognitive restructuring education on reducing social anxiety was confirmed. The experimental group (n=12) received a 10~15 minute session of web-based cognitive intervention and a 20-minute session of virtual reality exposure therapy. The comparison group (n=15) received a 10~15 minute session of web-based speech education and a 20-minute session of virtual reality exposure therapy. After 4 weeks, the experimental group had an increase in positive interpretation bias, a decrease in negative interpretation bias, and a decreased level of social anxiety. These results suggest that the combination of self-help form of web-based cognitive intervention in the treatment of social anxiety disorder can improve the therapeutic effect of VRET.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.33-40
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this randomized controlled trial study was to examine the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on cognitive function and depression in stroke patients. Methods : Thirty stroke patients were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15). The experimental group received tDCS while performing computerized cognitive rehabilitation programs, and the control group was provided with sham tDCS while operating the same programs. The 30-minute intervention was implemented five times per week for six weeks. To assess cognitive function before and after the intervention, the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination was conducted; the Beck Depression Inventory BDI was employed to assess depression. Results : The experimental group showed statistically significant increases in cognitive function and decreases in depression (p < .05 ). Comparing the amount of variation between the groups after arbitration also showed significant differences in cognitive function and depression between the two groups (p > .05). Conclusion : The application of tDCS and computerized cognitive rehabilitation programs for stroke patients may positively affect their cognitive function and depression. Therefore, tDCS used with computerized cognitive rehabilitation programs is positively applicable to the enhancement of cognitive function in stroke patients and reduction of depression.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.87-103
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to develop an intervention program for decreasing inattentive and impulsive behaviors of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) by combining cognitive training and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Subjects were 22 children who were classified as ADHD. Eleven children among the 22 were placed randomly in the experimental group; the remaining 11 children were placed in the control group. The effectiveness of the program was analyzed by ANCOVA after controlling for effects of pre-tests on criterion variables. Results of the present study showed that the cognitive intervention program was significantly effective for improving attention span and decreasing impulsivity of children with ADHD.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2016

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of LOTCA-G and ADL by individualized cognitive program in elderly with vascular dementia, alzheimer dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Method : The subjects of this study, old man and woman diagnosed with vascular dementia, alzheimer dementia and mild cognitive impairment, 24 patients were picked up, who were agreed with this research and were having hospital care for 3weeks at nursing care centers. Individualized cognitive program was applied to 8 patients of vascular dementia, 8 patients of alzheimer dementia and 8 patients of mild cognitive impairment. Cognitive function measured by LOTCA-G and performance measured by FIM. The SPSS Ver. 22.0 statistical program was used for data processing. The significance level for statistical inspection was set as 0.05. Result : In comparison of LOTCA-G was significant increased after intervention and among three groups were significant difference. But FIM was no significant difference after intervention and among three groups were no significant difference. Conclusion : Therefore, the individualized cognitive program is useful to improve the cognitive function in elderly with dementia and mild cognitive impairment.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.81-95
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the effects of a group cognitive improvement program on cognitive function, depression and self-esteem in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment. Methods: This was an experimental study that employed a pre-post design of a non-equivalence control group. The subjects were 52 elderly people with mild cognitive impairment, 25 of whom were assigned to the experimental group and 27 to the control group. The program was conducted for a total of 12 sessions for 60 minutes each. Data were analyzed using the ${\chi}2-test$, Fisher's exact test, and Independent t-test with the SPSS 20.0 program. Results: After the intervention, the group who participated showed improvement in all areas of cognitive function based on MMSE-KC (F=26.37, p.<0.001), the Rey Complex Figure Test: copy (F=20.66, p.<0.001), Immediate memory of Seoul Verbal Learning Test-Elderly's version (F=29.68, p.<0.001), delayed memory (F=45.79 p.<0.001), memory recall (F=28.97, p.<0.001), Forward of Digit Span Test (F=9.25, p=.004), backward (F=8.33, p.=0.006), language comprehension (F=13.42, p.<0.001), and digit symbol coding (F=17.74, p.<0.001) relative to the control group. Moreover depression (F=24.09, p.<0.001) was decreased in program participants, whereas self-esteem (F=40.24, p.<0.001) was increased. Conclusion: The program could be a useful intervention because the results show that the group cognitive improvement program has a significant effect on cognitive function, depression and self-esteem in elderly with mild cognitive impairment.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.29-39
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• 2021

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective for people with an addiction tendency. This study aims to implement a CBT program for college students at high risk of smartphone addiction and investigate the impact of the program on their desire to use a smartphone, depression, impulsivity, and anxiety. Baseline/post-intervention evaluation and the ABA' single-case experimental design were used. The study consisted of the baseline phase (A), pre-evaluation, intervention phase (B), post-evaluation, and baseline phase (A'). Six participants were enrolled, and the main outcome variables were daily changes in the desire to use a smartphone and changes in depression, impulsivity, and anxiety after the program. Prior to the intervention, all six participants had mild to moderate depression, but after the intervention, three were normal, two had mild depression, and only one had moderate depression. Impulsivity and anxiety scores decreased after the intervention, with anxiety scores showing the most dramatic change. The percentage of non-overlapping data for the baseline phase (A)-intervention phase (B) was more than 75% and that for baseline phase (A)-baseline phase (A') was 100% for all 6 participants. This study presented a good protocol for people with low access to psychological therapy. We expect the findings will be highly useful for people suffering from psychological difficulties due to smartphone addiction.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.119-129
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate the effects of a multifaceted cognitive training program on cognitive function, depression, and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in community dwelling elders with mild cognitive impairment. Methods: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The subjects were recruited from a community health center in D metropolitan city and were assigned to the experimental or control group. Weekly 50-minute session intervention was delivered to the experimental group over 12 weeks. 8 weeks and 12weeks after intervention, the changes in cognitive function, depression, and IADL in the groups were measured and compared. Data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, and post-hoc test with Bonferroni correction using SPSS/WIN 23.0. Results: When compared with their counterparts (n=15), the elders in the experimental group (n=12) showed significant improvement in cognitive function and depression at week 12. The mean scores of IADL at week 12 were not significantly different between the groups. Conclusion: The results indicate that this multifaceted cognitive training program is effective in improving cognitive function, depression, and avoiding deterioration of IADL among elders with mild cognitive impairment.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Therapy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.13-26
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• 2018

Objective : The aim of the study was to investigate the application of nonpharmacological cognitive interventions in patients with dementia. Methods : We searched published studies in KISS, PubMed, and Sciencedirect databases from January 2013 to December 2017. The main keywords used were "Dementia" AND "Cognitive stimulation OR Cognitive rehabilitation OR Cognitive training" and a total of ten studies were selected for analysis from 753 searched articles. Results : Seven of the ten selected studies showed significant improvements in cognitive function after intervention, whereas three studies showed no improvement in cognitive function; however, activation of brain waves, improvement in the relationship between care givers and patients, improvement in the quality of life of care givers, and improvements in visual motor skills were shown. Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE) was used as the assessment tool for identifying the effects of the cognitive function improvement, and in four studies the quality of life of dementia patients was measured as an intervention effect. The main subject of the cognitive intervention is patients with mild to moderate dementia. Conclusion : The results of this study can be used as a basis for the selection of intervention methods, as well as their duration and assessment, according to the characteristics of dementia patients.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.83-89
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• 2017

Purpose : This study aimed to investigate a study on the intervention of computerized cognitive rehabilitation applied to patients with dementia in Korea. Thus, a systematic discussion was conducted. Methods : Studies from January 2000 to December 2016 were searched in the Korea Education and Research Information Service. The main key words used were: "dementia," "computerized cognitive rehabilitation," "computerized cognitive training," "computer assisted cognitive therapy," and "computerized cognitive therapy." Result : A total of five studies were selected. The effects of the computerized cognitive rehabilitation therapy applied to patients with dementia resulted in improved cognitive functions, as well as daily living and activities instrumental to daily living. There was also an increase in brain activity. The qualitative aspects of this study showed a low level of internal and external validities due to the small number of subjects, short period of intervention, and limited study environment. Conclusion : In the future, it is necessary to continue a study in which the level of evidence is high to determine whether various cognitive rehabilitation programs are effectively applied to patients with dementia.