• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.160-174
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate about missed abortion pathophysiology, diagnosis, medical treatment and to research the trend of the study related to missed abortion. Methods: We referred a PubMed site by using search word of "missed abortion"(Limits: 3 Year, only items with abstracts, Human). Results: 37 journals with 49 papers were searched. Conclusion: 1. The study of missed abortion pathophysiology was the following. The first was that important pathologies such as molar pregnancy and placental trophoblastic disease can be diagnosed by routine histopathologic analysis of product of conception following first-trimester spontaneous miscarriages. The second was that coelomic fluid leptin concentration in missed abortion is higher than in normal. The third was that adenosine deaminae activity in serum and placenta of patients with anembryonic pregnancies and missed abortions was low. The forth was that Leptotrichia amnionii sp. nov. was the etiopathogenetic factor in missed abortion. 2. Transvaginal ultrasound assessment of irregular vaginal bleeding is effective in diagonosis of missed abortion. 3. There were medical therapy with misoprostol, mifepristone or anti progesterone for missed abortion. Misoprostol was administrated oral(sublingual) and vaginal.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2005

In this study, we found that sperm ball of Urechis unicinctus consisted of a somatic cell and spermatogenic cells. After separation from the sperm ball, individual spermatid floated freely in the coelomic fluid and differentiated into a mature sperm. Because of many nuclear vacuoles, spermatid nucleus was observed to be heterogeneous. Later, the spermatid nucleus condensed into the homogeneous round nucleus of the mature sperm. Perinuclear microtubules could be seen but did not seem to be organized into manchette microtubules. To understand the nature of nuclear condensation during spermiogenesis, the sperm and spermatids (spermiogenic cells) were treated with FITC-phalloidin, or anti-actin-FITC, or labeled with antiactin immunogold particles (AAIP; 10 nm) followed by transmission electron microscopy or confocal laser scanning microscopy. The anti-actin-FITC and FITC-phalloidin reactions occurred distinctly in the nuclei of both spermiogenic cells. FITC-phalloidin reacted more intensely with acrosomes. The AAIP were incorporated mainly into nuclei of both cells sometimes showing local distribution in the nucleus. Nuclear vacuoles of spermatids disappeared progressively with condensation of the nucleus, as the number of incorporated $AAIP/{\mu}m^2$ increased. These results suggest that nuclear actin microfilaments might be closely related to nuclear condensation.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.125-135
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• 1995

붉은지렁이 (Lumbricus rubellus)의 체내에 존재하는 prophenoloxidase-phenoloxidase(prPO$\longrightarrow$PO)의 활성계는 몇 종류의 다른 경로에 의해 활성화 됨을 발견하였다 Propo는 exogenous trypsin $\beta$ 1.3-glucan, Ca2' 이온. lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 및 열처리 등에 의하여 활성도가 증가 되었고 Ca2' 이온이 나머지 4가지 종류의 처리와 함께 병행되었을 때 그 효과가 더욱 증가하였다 Propo의 활성도는 LPS나 Ca2' 이온의 농도가 각각 1 5H 10-s g Lps/r리, 15 mM(Ca2')의 농도에서 propo의 최대활성치를 나타냈으나 그 이상의 농도에서는 propo의 활성이 오히려 감소하였다. LPS. $\beta$ 1,3-glucan 및 Ca2' 이온 등은 trypsin 억제인자인 soybean trypsin inhibitor(571)가 함께 존재할 경우 전혀 propo를 활성화 시킨지 못하는 것으로 미루어 $\beta$ 1,3-glucan 및 Ca2' 이온 등은 체내의 trypsin 유사 효소의 활성을 증가시켜 궁극적으로는 proPO$\longrightarrow$PO의 활성화 반응에 간접적으로 작용한다고 생각되었다. 한편. 571의 존재하에서도 50"C의 열처리는 propo의 활성화에 아주 효과적인 물리적 요인으로 작용하였다. 따라서 열처리는 Ca2'이나 LPS. f 1,3-glucan파는 달리 직접적으로 proPO$\longrightarrow$PO의 활성화 반응에 작용하는 것으로 생각되어 붉은 지렁이의 체내에서 proPO가 활성화되는 괴정(propo-activating system)에는 최소한 2가지 이상의 경로가 있다고 생각된다.생각된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.247-252
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• 1985

In the present study, the effect of primary infection to reinfection with Ascaris suum larvae was experimented in mouse model. Mice were challenged with 1,000 infective stage eggs of Ascaris suum. The embryonated eggs were directly introduced into stomach of mice. Reinfection was performed at 50 days after the primary infection with same method as primary infection. Mice were sacrificed 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 20 days after infection in both groups respectively. Larvae collected from livers and lungs with Baermann's apparatus were enumerated and measured after sacrifice. Sera of mice were also collected at same time. The results of the experiment were as follows: With antigen prepared from coelomic fluid of adult Ascaris suum and sera collected from mice before reinfection, the production of antibody in experimental mice was confirmed by the gel-diffusion technique. In the livers of reinfected mice, the larvae were recovered up to 10 days after challenge, otherwhile in the primary infected mice, the larvae were observed up to 7 days. The maximum number of larvae were observed in the lungs of primary infected mice on 10 days after inoculation. In the lungs of reinfected mice, maximum number of larvae were recovered on 7 days after, only few larvae were recovered on 10 days after reinfection. As regards the growth of the larvae, the third stage larvae, over $500{\mu\textrm{m}}$ in length, appeared in livers at 5 days after reinfection, but it couldn't be found on 7 days and 10 days after challenge. The third stage larvae continuously developed were observed in lungs of mice from 5 days after reinfection. In conclusion, it was found that development of larvae in livers of immune mice were probably repressed by the immune mechanisms being rises in livers and defence mechanism is also acting by interfering with the process of larval penetration into the lung from the liver.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.165-176
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• 1988

안점의 꽃갯지렁이(Pseudopotamilla occelata) 난모세포의 표면의 구조적 변화를 전자현미경으로 연구하였다.일단 난소로부터 방출되어나온 직경 5 $\mu$ m정도의 난모세포가 동일한 체강액에서 직경 185 $\mu$ mR까지 성장하는 난자형성중 난모세포의 난황막은 구조적으로 변하였다. 미융모(microvilli)는 구조, 수량 및 행동에 변화를 보였다. 전난황형성기에 미융모는 길이가 짧고 두 갈래로 갈라져 있었다. 난자형성이 진행됨에 따라 미융모의 길이는 계속 증가하는 반면 수는 전난황 형성기까지만 증가하고 난황형성기는 점차 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 미융모 끝에 Glycocaiyx구조가 전난황형성초기에서부터 형성되는 것이 보이는데, 이구조는 난모세포의 성장과 함께 수적으로 점차 증가하다가 마지막 단계에서 일정하게 유지되었다. 난자형성 말기에 미융모의 수축과 동시에 미융모의 끝이 줄기로부터 분리되면서 조그만 소낭이 형성되어 난화막 표면에 남게 되었다. 난화막은 처음에는 와층(outer layer),중간층(intermediate layer),및 내층(inner layer)의 3층으로 되어있었으나, 외층과 중간층은 난자형성 전기간을 통하여 구조적으로 거의 일정하지만, 내층은 그 두께가 두터워지고 80 $\mu$m의 난모세포에서부터는 두개의 층으로 다시 나뉘어지는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 이와같은 구조적인 변화는 아마도 난모세포의 표면이 비록 동일한 환경에서 일지라도 단계에 따라 기능적으로 다르게 분화한 결과로 생각되었다.