• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.263-271
• /
• 2000

To investigate the distribution of air pollutants dispersion in the horizontal wind fields, a chaff release experiment was carried out by an airplane. The temporal and spatial variations of a chaff plume from an elevated point source using the WSR-88D(NEXRAD) radar. The observed profiles of radar reflectivity were compared with the Gaussian diffusion model at slightly unstable atmospheric condition. The present study shows that the distributions of radar reflectivity from chaffs and their concentration by the model are in general agreement with time variation. The dispersion coefficients in downwind($\sigma$(sub)x) and crosswind($\sigma$(sub)y) spread data exceeded what has generally been found at Pasquill and Brigg\`s estimates. As a result, it was clearly shown that horizontal and vertical diffusion coefficients are more accurately determined as compared with theoretical coefficients. At longer diffusion distances(than 10km), a radar observation provided the determination of maximum range and diffusion height more qualitatively, too.

• 방사선산업학회지
• /
• 제2권3호
• /
• pp.135-140
• /
• 2008

A field tracer experiment using radioisotope was carried out to investigate the characteristics of a pollutant transport and a determination of the dispersion coefficients in a river system. The dispersion coefficients in the longitudinal and transverse directions were determined by using the measured concentration of a radioisotope. The two-dimensional numerical models were applied to calculate the flow and concentration fields at the experimental site. Several numerical simulations were performed to investigate the effects of the numerical results according to variations of the dispersion coefficients. The calculated concentrations agreed well with the measured ones.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.24-29
• /
• 2003

This research was performed to investigate the diffusivity of borate rods in radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) conditioned to 40 percent moisture content (MC). The deepest penetration of boron were observed in the longitudinal direction, followed by the radial and the tangential directions. The boron loading on the wood face adjacent to the borate rod tended to increase with diffusion time in all directions. To mathematically quantify boron diffusion, the diffusion coefficient of boron was determined using Boltzmann's transformation by assuming that it was a function of concentration only. The values of the longitudinal diffusion coefficients were between 1.3×10^-8 cm²/sec and 9.2×10^-8 cm²/sec. The radial diffusion coefficients were between 1.4×10^-8 cm²/sec and 9.5×10^-8 cm²/sec, and the tangential diffusion coefficients were between 5.2×10^-9 cm²/sec and 1.3×10^-8 cm²/sec. The differences of diffusion coefficients between the longitudinal direction and the radial direction were slight, although their concentration profiles were markedly different. This indicates that the amount of boron loading on the wood face adjacent the borate rod is one of the most important factor for boron penetration in wood with low MC.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.423-434
• /
• 2023

Aerodynamic force coefficients are generally obtained from traditional wind tunnel tests or computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Unfortunately, the techniques mentioned above can sometimes be cumbersome because of the cost involved, such as the computational cost and the use of heavy equipment, to name only two examples. This study proposed to build a deep neural network model to predict the aerodynamic force coefficients based on data collected from CFD simulations to overcome these drawbacks. Therefore, a series of CFD simulations were conducted using different geometric parameters to obtain the aerodynamic force coefficients, validated with wind tunnel tests. The results obtained from CFD simulations were used to create a dataset to train a multilayer perceptron artificial neural network (ANN) model. The models were obtained using three optimization algorithms: scaled conjugate gradient (SCG), Bayesian regularization (BR), and Levenberg-Marquardt algorithms (LM). Furthermore, the performance of each neural network was verified using two performance metrics, including the mean square error and the R-squared coefficient of determination. Finally, the ANN model proved to be highly accurate in predicting the force coefficients of similar bridge sections, thus circumventing the computational burden associated with CFD simulation and the cost of traditional wind tunnel tests.

• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 1986

Through the hydraulic model test, a more convenient and accurate method of deter- mining discharge coefficients in the sluice type of tide gates can be derived by the use of aubmergence ratio as a parameter. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Discharge coefficients under submerged flow conditions can be obtained by the application of sutmergerice ratio (S) to the free flow equation of the broad-erested we r. 2. The critical submergence ratios (Scr) for the flat basin and the broad-crested types of sill have the same value of 0.8. 3. Under free flow conditions, the discharge coefficient (m) are 0.37 and 0. 35 for the flat basin and the broad-crested types of sill respectively. However, when submerged flow condition exists, the discharge coefficients for both types of sill is given by a regression equation of discharge coefficients (IL) on submergence ratios (8) expressed as; m 1.3- 1. 17S. 4. The relationships between S and Froude number (Fr), for the flat basin and the broad-crested types of sill are Fr=2. 79-2.495 and Fr2.5=5. 7-6.16S respectively. From the above relationships, it can be concluded that m can also be expressed in terms of the Froude number which is a very relevant hydraulic parameter of the open channel hydraulics.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.249-261
• /
• 2023

Aerodynamic force coefficients are generally prescribed by an ensemble average of ten and/or twenty 10-minute samples. However, this makes it difficult to identify the exact probability distribution and exceedance probability of the prescribed values. In this study, 12,600 10-minute samples on three tall buildings were measured, and the probability distributions were first identified and the aerodynamic force coefficients corresponding to the specific non-exceedance probabilities (cumulative probabilities) of wind load were then evaluated. It was found that the probability distributions of the mean and fluctuating aerodynamic force coefficients followed a normal distribution. The ratios of aerodynamic force coefficients corresponding to the specific non-exceedance probabilities (C_f,Non) to the ensemble average of 12,600 samples (C_f,Ens), which was defined as an adjusting factor (C_f,Non/C_f,Ens), were less than 2%. The effect of coefficient of variation of wind speed on the adjusting factor is larger than that of the annual non-exceedance probability of wind load. The non-exceedance probabilities of the aerodynamic force coefficient is between P_C,nonex = 50% and 60% regardless of force components and aspect ratios. The adjusting factors from the Gumbel distribution were larger than those from the normal distribution.

• 한국광학회지
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.348-353
• /
• 1999

엄밀한 결합파를 적용하는 광선광학적 방법에 의해, 임의의 격자구조를 갖는 도파로 회절소자의 결합계수를 계산하였다. 엄밀한 광선광학적 방법으로 다양한 격자구조(사각형, 정현파, 삼각형, 사다리꼴)에 대한 결합계수를 계산하였으며, 기존의 근사적 광선광학적 방법이나 결합모드 방법들과 비교 분석하였다. 특히, 사각형 격자의 경우에는 격자의 깊이 변화뿐만 아니라 격자영역비(duty-cycle)에 따른 결합계수를 구하였다. 엄밀한 광선광학적 방법은 강한 결합조건에서도 기존의 방법들에 비하여 도파로 회절격자의 결합계수를 매우 정확하게 결정할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 대한공간정보학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.51-57
• /
• 2008

본 연구는 현재 국내에서 노선설계나 각종 공사의 설계과정에서 적용하고 있는 유출계수의 정확한 기준을 규명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 지구 온난화로 인하여 기상이변 및 국지성 집중호우가 발생되고 있는 상황에서 건설공사에서 정확한 유출계수 적용은 매우 중요하다. 그러나 우리나라는 유출계수 적용에 대한 기준이 명확하지 않고, 실제 적용에서도 대상지역의 지형분포에 따라 설계자의 주관적 판단으로 유출계수를 적용하여 설계에 반영하고 있기 때문에 많은 문제점들이 나타나고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점들을 해결하기 위하여 GIS 기법을 이용하여 지형분석을 수행하고, 정확한 강우유역을 산정하여 지형특성과 토지피복에 따른 유출계수 적용기준을 정립하였다. 본 연구 결과를 과거 침수지역에 적용한 결과 만족할 수 있는 성과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 천문학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.15-23
• /
• 1975

A new technique of photographic observations is developed for the determination of time of minimum light of eclipsing binary. An instrumental system to accomplish the observation is described. With this instrument the atmospheric extinction coefficients in Seoul are observed, and four times of minimum light for Algol and W UMa are determined.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지진공학회 1997년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Fall 1997
• /
• pp.101-106
• /
• 1997

In order to check the safety against earthquakes a seismic design of an arch bridge is carried out in this study according to the Division V (Seismic Design) of the "Standard for the Roadway Bridges", where the application procedures including the determination of coefficients, the analysis method as well as the safety checks are provided. provided.