• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.571-581
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of virgin coconut oil supplementation and complex exercise on body composition, oxidative stress and blood pressure in the middle-aged women with metabolic syndrome. As a result, weight and body fat in coconut oil+complex exercise and coconut oil group are significantly decreased after the program. BMI and WHR in coconut oil+complex exercise group are significantly decreased after than before the program. MDA in coconut oil+complex exercise and coconut oil group is significantly decreased after the program. SOD in coconut oil+complex exercise and coconut oil group is significantly increased after the program. Systolic blood pressure in coconut oil+complex exercise and coconut oil group is significantly decreased after than before the program. Diastolic blood pressure in coconut oil+complex exercise group is significantly decreased after than before the program.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2024

Objectives: We analyzed the relative beneficial impacts of probiotics and coconut oil-based mouth rinses on oral health. Methods : A total of 33 subjects were enrolled and randomly assigned to three groups. Coconut oil and probiotics were given to the experimental group, and distilled water to the control group. We evaluated the possession site of Gingival index, CPITN index, BOP, Pocket depth, and PHP index. Results: In the coconut oil and probiotic groups, Gingival index significantly decreased on both days 15 and 30. CPITN significantly decreased on days 15 and 30 in the coconut oil group (p<0.01), and on day 30 in the probiotic group (p=0.002). There was a significant interaction between group and time for BOP and PHP index (p<0.001), and the coconut oil group was more effective in improving BOP and PHP index. Conclusions: The above results showed that the mediation effect of coconut oil and probiotics was more effective with coconut oil.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1721-1725
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of coconut materials on ruminal methanogenesis and fermentation characteristics, in particular their effectiveness for mitigating ruminal methanogenesis. Fistulated Holstein cows were used as the donor of rumen fluid. Coconut materials were added to an in vitro fermentation incubated with rumen fluid-buffer mixture and timothy substrate for 24 h incubation. Total gas production, gas profiles, total volatile fatty acids (tVFAs) and the ruminal methanogens diversity were measured. Although gas profiles in added coconut oil and coconut powder were not significantly different, in vitro ruminal methane production was decreased with the level of reduction between 15% and 19% as compared to control, respectively. Coconut oil and coconut powder also inhibited gas production. The tVFAs concentration was increased by coconut materials, but was not affected significantly as compared to control. Acetate concentration was significantly lower (p<0.05), while propionate was significantly higher (p<0.05) by addition of the coconut materials than that of the control. The acetate:propionate ratio was significantly lowered with addition of coconut oil and coconut powder (p<0.05). The methanogens and ciliate-associated methanogens in all added coconut materials were shown to decrease as compared with control. This study showed that ciliate-associated methanogens diversity was reduced by more than 50% in both coconut oil and coconut powder treatments. In conclusion, these results indicate that coconut powder is a potential agent for decreasing in vitro ruminal methane production and as effective as coconut oil.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.223-230
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary coconut oil as a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) source on performance, carcass composition and serum lipids in male broilers. A total of 540, one-day-old, male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 treatments with each treatment being applied to 6 replicates of 18 chicks. The basal diet (i.e., R0) was based on corn and soybean meal and was supplemented with 1.5% soybean oil during the starter phase (d 0 to 21) and 3.0% soybean oil during the grower phase (d 22 to 42). Four experimental diets were formulated by replacing 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% of the soybean oil with coconut oil (i.e., R25, R50, R75, and R100). Soybean oil and coconut oil were used as sources of long-chain fatty acid and MCFA, respectively. The feeding trial showed that dietary coconut oil had no effect on weight gain, feed intake or feed conversion. On d 42, serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were linearly decreased as the coconut oil level increased (p<0.01). Lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, and total lipase activities were linearly increased as the coconut oil level increased (p<0.01). Abdominal fat weight/eviscerated weight (p = 0.05), intermuscular fat width (p<0.01) and subcutaneous fat thickness (p<0.01) showed a significant quadratic relationship, with the lowest value at R75. These results indicated that replacement of 75% of the soybean oil in diets with coconut oil is the optimum level to reduce fat deposition and favorably affect lipid profiles without impairing performance in broilers.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.317-325
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• 2016

Increased access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has made the management of drug toxicities an increasingly crucial component of HIV. This study investigated the effects of adjuvant use of coconut oil and HAART on testicular morphology and seminal parameters in Sprague-Dawley rats. Twelve adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 153~169 g were distributed into four groups (A-D) and treated as follows: A served as control (distilled water); B (HAART cocktail-Zidovudine, Lamivudine and Nevirapine); C (HAART + Virgin coconut oil 10 mL/kg) and D (Virgin coconut oil 10 mL/kg). After 56 days of treatment, animals were killed and laparotomy to exercise the epididymis for seminal fluid analyses done whilst testicular tissues were processed for histo-morphometric studies. Result showed a significant decline in sperm motility (P < 0.05) and count (P < 0.0001) in HAART-treated animals while there was insignificant changes in other parameters in groups C and D except count that was reduced (P < 0.0001) when compared with controls. Histomorphological studies showed HAART caused disorders in seminiferous tubular architecture with significant (P < 0.01) decline in epithelial height closely mirrored by extensive reticulin framework and positive PAS cells. Adjuvant Virgin coconut oil + HAART resulted in significant decrease in seminiferous tubular diameter (P < 0.05), but other morphometric and histological parameters were similar to control or Virgin coconut oil alone (which showed normal histoarchitecture levels). While derangements in testicular and seminal fluid parameters occurred following HAART, adjuvant treatment with Virgin coconut oil restored the distortions emanating thereof.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 1998

This study aims to examine appropriate kinds of pan oil to release a cake from the pan coated with polyether sulphone and to prove the change of acid value and peroxide value during the process of baking. The major factor effecting the rate of release of the cakes from the pan was properties of the oils rather than the additives. The releasing rate appeared higher as the iodine value was lower. The highest releasing rate was found in the sample, which was made of coconut oil plus 2% of wax, 2% of lecithin. The changes of acid value of the pan oil between the beginning and after baking was little different. In contrast, Peroxide value showed a great change after baking.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.230-233
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• 2000

The present work was designed to determine whether change in fluidity of the mitochondrial membrane affects mitochondrial {TEX}$F_{1}${/TEX}{TEX}$F_{0}${/TEX}ATPase characteristics in NIDDM-prone BHE/Cdb rat. Isolated mitochondria fom BHE/Cdb rat fed a 6% coconut oil or corn oil were functionally tested by an analysis of its respiration and the coupling of this process to ATP synthesis in presence of oligomycin, a specific inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), that binds to the {TEX}$F_{1}${/TEX}{TEX}$F_{0}${/TEX}ATPase. Mitochondria from rats fed coconut oil were more responsive to the inhibitory action of oligomycin with respect to state 3 respiration, respiratory control (RC) ratio and ADP:P (P/O) ratio than were mitochondria from rats fed corn oil. In state 3 respiration, mitochondria from rats fed coconut oil consumed less oxygen than did mitochondria from rats fed corn oil. RC ratio was lower in the mitochondria from rats fed coconut oil than was mitochondria from rats fed corn oil. In P/O ratio, the mitochondria from rats fed coconut oil had a lower P/O ratio than did mitochondria from rats fed corn oil. The data showed that the chang influidity of the mitochondrial membrane by dietary fat affected mitochondrial {TEX}$F_{1}${/TEX}{TEX}$F_{0}${/TEX}ATPase characteristics. The present study on diet differences in {TEX}$F_{1}${/TEX}{TEX}$F_{0}${/TEX}ATPase characteristics provides considerable insight into the role diets play in the control of mitochondrial function, expecially OXPHOS in NIDDM with mitochondrial defects.

• CELLMED
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.28.1-28.6
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• 2015

This current study investigated the anti-ulcer activity of 2 types of virgin coconut oil (VCO-A and VCO-B) and coconut oil (CO). Sprague-Dawley of male rats divided into 6 groups and each group consisted of ten rats. Rats were then treated with either VCO or CO and then were then anaesthetized and pyloric ligation was performed. The anaesthesia was discontinued and the animal usually recovered consciousness within less than an hour. Three hours later, the animal was then again anaesthetized and sacrificed with chloroform. Stomach removed and its content subjected to measurement of volume and pH. The results revealed VCO-B and VCO-A (100%) significantly inhibited (p < 0.001) the volume of gastric juice secreted by the control rats by 66.81% and 51.53%, respectively. Followed by CO 42.80%. While the inhibition of gastric juice for positive control rats which treated with ranitidine (100 mg/kg) was only 22.38%. The total acid output was reduced by the oils to 70.80%, 74.16% and 40.45% for VCO-A, VCO-B and CO respectively compared to control group. Ranitidine reduced the total acid output by 34.83%. In conclusion, prevention of gastric lesions in rats by VCO was found to increase the mucous and decrease the acid volume, total acid contents and ulcer scoring. The treatment of VCO affects the all parameters that influence the initiation and perpetuation of ulceration.

• CELLMED
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.11.1-11.7
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• 2016

The aimed of the presence study was to determine the antiulcer potential of virgin coconut oil (VCO), either extracted by wet process (VCO_A) or fermentation process (VCO_B), and to compare their effectiveness against the copra oil (CO) using the HCl/ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model. Earlier, the oils underwent chemical analysis to determine the free fatty acids composition, physicochemical properties and anti-oxidant capability. In the antiulcer study, rats (n=6) were pre-treated orally for 7 consecutive days with distilled water (vehicle), 100 mg/kg ranitidine (positive group) or the respective oils (10, 50, and 100% concentration). One hour after the last test solutions administration on Day 7^th, the animals were subjected to the gastric ulcer assay. Macroscopic and microscopic analyses were performed on the collected rat's stomachs. From the results obtained, the chemical analysis revealed i) the presence of high content of lauric acid followed by myristic acid and palmitic acid in all oils and; ii) the significant (^*p< 0.05) different in anisidine- and peroxide-value, percentage of free fatty acid, total phenolic content and total antioxidant activity among the oils. The animal study demonstrated that all oil possess significant (^*p< 0.05) antiulcer activity with VCO_B being the most effective oil followed by VCO_A and CO. The macroscopic observations were supported by the microscopic findings. Interestingly, all oils were more effective than 100 mg/kg ranitidine (reference drug). In conclusion, coconut oils exert remarkable antiulcer activity depending on their methods of extraction, possibly via the modulation of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2008

This study is on encapsulation of a new whitening agent, LA-PEG using solid lipid nanoparticle(SLN) method, one of nanoparticle preparation method. Classical method has high capsulation efficiency for hydrophobic compounds but has demerit of low capsulation efficiency($2{\sim}3%$) for hydrophilic compounds. Purpose of this study is preparation of SLN that has higher skin penetration effect compared with general liposome, and also has higher encapsulation efficiency of hydrophilic compounds. For SLN preparation, coconut oil, macadamia oil, and jojoba oil were used. As a result, SLN preparation using coconut oil(include LA-PEG) has the most high encapsulation efficiency and also has the smallest average particle size(270 nm). SLN prepared with macadamia oil and 1% of Tween 60 has the largest particle size. Base made with coconut oil and 2% of Tween 60 showed the fastest release and base made with macadamia oil and 2% of Tween 20 showed the latest release.