• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.227-231
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• 2002

연안에서의 부유물질 농도는 파랑, 조류 등 수리 역학적 현상과 기상 조건 및 저질의 상태에 따라 그 변동양상이 결정된다 (Moody et at.,1987; Ridderinkhof et al., 2000). 현재까지 개발된 장비로는 시ㆍ공간적으로 변동하는 부유물질 농도의 특성을 충분히 관측하고 이해하는 데는 한계가 있다. 그러나, 비교적 단순한 장비에 의존하는 연구일지라도 우리나라 주변 연안에서 부유물질 농도 변동에 대한 정량적인 연구는 매우 부족한 실정으로 기초적인 자료의 축적이 거의 전부한 상태이다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers Conference
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• 1993.07a
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• pp.20-25
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• 1993

In coastal waters, more often than not, waves propagate on currents driven by tidal forces, earth’s gravity, or wind. There have been a number of studies for dealing with the change of wave spectrum due to tile presence of current. Based on the conservation of wave action, Hedges et al. (1985) have proposed an equation which describes the influence of current on the change of wave spectrum in water of finite depth. (omitted)

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.111-123
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• 2012

To understand the phytoplankton community in the eastern part of the Yellow Sea (EYS), in the summer, field survey was conducted at 25 stations in June 2009, and water samples were analyzed using a epifluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and HPLC method. The EYS could be divided into four areas by a cluster analysis, using phytoplankton group abundances: coastal mixing area, Anma-do area, transition water, and the central Yellow Sea. In the coastal mixing area, water column was well mixed vertically, and phytoplankton was dominated by diatoms, chrysophytes, dinoflagellates and nanoflagellates, showing high abundance ($>10^5\;cells\;l^{-1}$). In Anma-do coastal waters characterized by high dominance of dinoflagellates, high phytoplankton abundance and biomass separated from other coastal mixing area. The southeastern upwelling area was expanded from Jin-do to Heuksan-do, by a tidal mixing and coastal upwelling in the southern area of Manjae-do, and phytoplankton was dominated by benthic diatoms, nanoflagellates and Synechococcus group in this area. Phytoplankton abundance and biomass dominated by pico- and nanophytoplankton were low values in the transition waters and the central Yellow Sea. In the surface of the central Yellow Sea, high dominance of photosynthetic pigments, 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin and zeaxanthin implies that haptophytes and cyanobacteria could be the dominant group during the summer. These results indicate that the phytoplankton communities in the EYS were significantly affected by the formation of tidal front, thermal stratification, and coastal upwelling showing the differences of physical and chemical characteristics during the summer.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.568-577
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• 2002

The spreading Cocuoainim polykikoides bloom in the southern coastal waters of Korea was simulated using numerical model including the physical processes of water flow and the chemical processes of increasing cell of C. polykikoides by uptake of dissolved nutrients. The circulation of sea water was simulated by two dimensional tide model reflecting the main four tidal components of $M_2,\;S_2,\;K_1,\;O_1$, and permanent current was driven by inflow/outflow across open boundaries. According to the result of model which tidal and permanent current were reflected simultaneously, eastward flows entering the southern waters from the western waters of Korea are dominant but westward flows are weak relatively. These result suggest that it is difficult for initial C. polykikoides bloom generated in the coastal waters of Goheung to move to the western coast of Korea through Jeju Strait. For spreading model of C. poiyhikoides, the range of generating distribution and the generating time of C. polykikoides bloom in coastal area are similar to those of observation data in the field. Wind is the most important factor in moving and distribution of red tide. Permanent current flowing eastward is also considered to be important factor and tidal current was a little influenced.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.125-151
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• 2018

We grouped the names attributed to the seas surrounding the Korean Peninsula in maps published in two major Korean ocean and fisheries science journals over the period from 1998 to 2017: the Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography (The Sea) and the Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science (KFAS). The names attributed to these seas in maps of journal paper broadly were classified into three groupings: (1) East Sea and Yellow Sea; (2) East Sea, Yellow Sea, and South Sea; or (3) East Sea, West Sea and South Sea. The name 'East Sea' was dominantly used for the waters between Korea and Japan. In contrast, the water between Korea and China has been mostly labelled as 'Yellow Sea' but sometimes labelled as 'West Sea'. The waters between the south coast of Korea and Kyushu, Japan were labelled as either 'Korea Strait' or 'South Sea'. This analysis on sea names in the maps of 'The Sea' and 'KFAS' reveals that domestic researchers frequently mix geographical and international names when referring to the waters surrounding the Korean Peninsula. These inconsistencies provide the motivation for the development of a basic unifying guideline for naming the seas surrounding the Korean Peninsula. With respect to this, we recommend the use of separate names for the marginal seas between continental landmasses and/or islands versus for the coastal waters surrounding Korea. For the marginal seas, the internationally recognized names are recommended to be used: East Sea; Yellow Sea; Korea Strait; and East China Sea. While for coastal seas, including Korea's territorial sea, the following geographical nomenclature is suggested to differentiate them from the marginal sea names: Coastal Sea off the East Coast of Korea (or the East Korea Coastal Zone), Coastal Sea off the South Coast of Korea (or the South Coastal Zone of Korea), and Coastal Sea off the West Coast of Korea (or the West Korea Coastal Zone). Further, for small or specific study areas, the local region names, district names, the sea names and the undersea feature names can be used on the maps.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.179-186
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• 2004

Introduction of wave model, considered the effect of shoaling, refraction, diffraction, partial reflection, bottom friction, breaking at the coastal waters of complex bathymetry, is a very important factor for most coastal engineering design and disaster prevention problems. As waves move from deeper waters to shallow coastal waters, the fundamental wave parameters will change and the wave energy is redistributed along wave crests due to the depth variation, the presence of islands, coastal protection structures, irregularities of the enclosing shore boundaries, and other geological features. Moreover, waves undergo severe change inside the surf zone where wave breaking occurs and in the regions where reflected waves from coastline and structural boundaries interact with the incident waves. Therefore, the application of mild-slope equation model in this field would help for understanding of wave transformation mechanism where many other models could not deal with up to now. The purpose of this study is to form a extended mild-slope equation wave model and make comparison and analysis on variation of harbor responses in the vicinities of Pohang Old Harbor and Pohang New Port, etc. due to construction of New Port in Youngil Bay. This type of trial might be a milestone for port development in macroscale, where the induced impact analysis in the existing port due to the developemnt could be easily neglected.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.421-428
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• 2004

Introduction of wave model, considered the effect of shoaling, refraction, diffraction, partial reflection, bottom friction, breaking at the coastal waters of complex bathymetry, is a very important factor for most coastal engineering design and disaster prevention problems. As waves move from deeper waters to shallow coastal waters, the fundamental wave parameters will change and the wave energy is redistributed along wave crests due to the depth variation, the presence of islands, coastal protection structures, irregularities of the enclosing shore boundaries, and other geological features. Moreover, waves undergo severe change inside the surf zone where wave breaking occurs and in the regions where reflected waves from coastline and structural boundaries interact with the incident waves. Therefore, the application of mild-slope equation model in this field would help for understanding of wave transformation mechanism where many other models could not deal with up to now. The purpose of this study is to form a extended mild-slope equation wave model and make comparison and analysis on variation of harbor responses in the vicinities of Pohang Old Harbor and Pohang New Port, etc. due to construction of New Port in Youngil Bay. This type of trial might be a milestone for port development in macroscale, where the induced impact analysis in the existing port due to the development could be easily neglected.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.243-274
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• 2013

To investigate the research state and characteristics of dinoflagellate cyst along the Korean coastal waters, this work analyzed 45 studies conducted in the Korean coasts and basin, the south of Jeju, East China Sea including some part of the Yellow Sea. It was found that the research on dinoflagellate cyst began in the later half of the 1980s in Korea, and that the research areas focused on eutrophied regions where a red tide occurred or on the seas where coastal development occurred. In other words, no research on the East Sea was found. In terms of research contents, there were various studies on analysis of cyst assemblage, tracking of the changes in marine environment like process of eutrophication, roles as a seed population in occurrence of a red tide, creation of cyst by use of sediment trip and tracking of its changes, morphological changes by the change of pH concentration in the hypoxia zone of eutrophied region, germination of a specific species, and other international-level studies. Species composition and cell density also varied in the Korean coastal waters. However, much research on dinoflagellate cyst in Korea is not systematic, and is fragmentary and individual and hencesuffers from great limitations. The research results so far have focused only on specific regions, and sporadic research had been conducted by specific research groups. Dinoflagellate cyst of surface sediments represents the accumulation index of pelagic environment in the sea and is a useful index to understand the marine environment efficiently. In conclusion, Korea requires organized human resources and collaborative research on dinoflagellate cyst which in turn should be considered as a component of marine ecosystem and as an essential aspect of marine biology.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.200-201
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• 2023

Digital twin technology is used in various fields as a method of creating a virtual world to minimize the cost of solving problems in the real world, and is also actively used in the maritime field, such as large-scale systems such as ships and offshore plants. In this paper, we tried to build a digital twin of coastal waters using a ship-handling simulator. The digital twin of the coastal waters developed in this way can be used to safely manage Korea's coastal waters, where maritime traffic is complicated, by providing a actual maritime traffic data. It can be usefully used to develop and advance technologies related to maritime autonomous surface ships and intelligent maritime traffic information services in coastal waters. In addition, it can be used as a 3D-based monitoring equipment for areas where physical monitoring is difficult but real-time maritime traffic monitoring is necessary, and can provide functions to safely manage maritime traffic situations such as aerial views of ports/control areas, bridge views/blind sector views of ships in operation.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.325-332
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• 2008

To characterize the initiation, propagation and termination of Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms in the southeast coastal waters of Korea, 2007, we have analyzed the data set of phytoplankton composition, physical and chemical water properties, and meterological data. The development of C. polykrikoides bloom in 2007 can be summarized in three steps. The first stage from middle of July to end of August was characterized by an unusually persistent and strong southerly wind. C. polykrikoides blooms established already by the strong wind in the middle of south coastal waters were advected intermittently into the study area. Accordingly, highly variable cell densities of C. polykrikoides were observed. At the second stage a favorable growing conditions for C. polykrikoides was developed, which was directed by changes in wind direction from south to northeast and thus enhanced transportation of offshore waters into inshore (August 8 to 30). C. polykrikoides bloom occurred through typical mechanism and showed high cell density. The last stage was represented by disappearance of C. polykrikoides. Typoon 'Nari' carrying heavy rain brought an unfavorable habitat to C. polykrikoides. Low saline condition formed in coastal water due to typoon effects continuously drove the dominant species to diatoms and flagellates which were prevailing over C. polykrikoides in this circumstances(from the middle of September). These stepwise processes could be the causative mechanism of the extraordinarily persistent C. polykrikoides bloom observed in southeast coastal water of Korea, 2007.