• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.73-80
• /
• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the engineering properties of no-fines con- crete, consisting only of coarse aggregate, cement and water. The used coarse aggregates were two, one is natural coarse aggregate grading 4.75~ lOmm, the other is synthetic lightweight coarse aggregate grading 3~8mm. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1. The W/C ratio of each type was increased with increase of additional amount of coarse aggregate. 2. The unit weight of used ndtural coarse aggregate was shown 1.762~2.184g/cm$^3$, and synthetic lightweight coarse aggregate was shown 0.756 ~ 1 .348g/cm$^3$. 3. The ahsorption rate of used natural coarse aggregate was shown 8.4 ~ 9.4 %, and synthetic lightweight coarse aggregate was shown 17.0~42.4%. 4. The compressive, tensile and hending strength was decreased with increase of coarse aggregate, respectively. The compressive strength of natural coarse aggregate 1:3 was shown 309kg/cm$^2$. 5. The ultrasonic pulse velocity and dynamic medulus of elasticity of each type was de- creased with increase coarse aggregate, respectively. Also, the decreasing rate of the natural aggregate was larger than that of the synthetic lightweight coarse ag- gregate.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 2004

This study was performed to evaluate the freezing and thawing properties of the high strength concrete using recycled coarse aggregate. The recycled coarse aggregate replaced natural crushed aggregate by 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The compressive strength of the concrete using recycled coarse aggregate showed more than 300 kgf/$cm^2$ at the curing age 28 days. The mass loss ratio by freezing and thawing was less than 1% at all mix type. The relative dynamic modulus of elasticity was decreased with increasing the freezing and thawing cycles. Also, the durability factor by the freezing and thawing was decreased with increasing the content of recycled coarse aggregate. But, the recycled concrete except 100% recycled coarse aggregate showed 60 or more durability factor in the freezing and thawing 300 cycles. Accordingly, these recycled coarse aggregate can be used for high strength concrete.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제47권2호
• /
• pp.55-61
• /
• 2005

This study was performed to evaluate fluidity of super flow concrete using recycled coarse aggregate. The unit weight was $2,246{\sim}2,344\;kg/m^3$, the unit weights of these concrete were decreased with increasing the content of fly ash and recycled coarse aggregate. The slump flow was $58{\sim}63\;cm$, the Box type passing was $3.4{\sim}6.8\;cm$, respectively. The L type compacting was excellent in the fly ash content $10\%\;and\;20\%$, but, it was showed in good in the fly ash content $30\%$. The super flow concretes using recycled coarse aggregate were improved by substitution in the range of less than the fly ash content $20\%$ and recycled coarse aggregate content $75\%$. This recycled coarse aggregate can be used for super flow concrete.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제2권3호
• /
• pp.239-248
• /
• 2005

The article presents the results of examination of the fractal dimension D of concrete specimen fracture surfaces obtained in fracture toughness tests. The concretes were made from three different types of coarse aggregate: gravel, dolomite and basalt aggregate. Ordinary concretes (C40) and high-performance concretes (HPC) were subjected to testing after 7, 14, 28 and 90 days of curing, respectively. In fracture toughness and compressive tests, different behaviours of concretes were found, depending on the type of aggregate and class of concrete (C40, HPC). A significant increase in the strength parameters tested occurred also after a period of 28 days (up to the $90^{th}$ day of curing) and was particularly large for concretes C40. Fractal examinations performed on fracture replicas showed that the fractal dimension D was diverse, depending on the coarse aggregate type and concrete class being, however, statistically constant after 7 and 14 days for respective concretes during curing. The fractal dimension D was the greater, the worse strength properties were possessed by the concrete. A cross-grain crack propagation occurred in that case, due to weak cohesion forces at the coarse aggregate/mortar interface. A similar effect was observed for C40 and HPC made from the same aggregate. A greater dimension D was exhibited by concretes C40, in which case the fracture was easier to form compared with high-performance concretes, where, as a result of high aggregate/mortar cohesion forces, the crack propagation was of inter-granular type, and the resulted fracture was flatter.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.309-313
• /
• 2014

The volume fraction of the coarse aggregate in the conventional plastic concrete is controlled relatively low to ensure a required workability. In this paper, a new type of coarse aggregate interlocking concrete with strength ranging from C30 to C80 was prepared with scattering-filling aggregate process. The strength of concrete prepared with this method increases obviously whereas the shrinkage decreases significantly, the cement dosage in the concrete decreased 20 % at the same time. The microhardness of the ITZ between the cement paste and scattering-filling aggregate is higher than that of the original aggregate, the ITZ become narrower and tighter also. The interlocking and more even distribution of the coarse aggregate and the water absorption of the addition of extra amount of coarse aggregates contribute to the strength and performance improvement of the concrete prepared with scattering-filling aggregate process.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.613-628
• /
• 2016

In this study, the influence of coarse aggregate size and type on chloride penetration of concrete was investigated, and the grey correlation analysis was applied to find the key influencing factor. Furthermore, the proposed 6-10-1 artificial neural network (ANN) model was constructed, and performed under the MATLAB program. Training, testing and validation of the model stages were performed using 81 experiment data sets. The results show that the aggregate type has less effect on the concrete permeability, compared with the size effect. For concrete with a lower w/b, the coarse aggregate with a larger particle size should be chose, however, for concrete with a higher w/c, the aggregate with a grading of 5-20 mm is preferred, too large or too small aggregates are adverse to concrete chloride diffusivity. A new idea for the optimum selection of aggregate to prepare concrete with a low penetration is provided. Moreover, the ANN model predicted values are compared with actual test results, and the average relative error of prediction is found to be 5.62%. ANN procedure provides guidelines to select appropriate coarse aggregate for required chloride penetration of concrete and will reduce number of trial and error, save cost and time.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.567-572
• /
• 2002

This research investigates experimentally an effect on the quality performances of the high flowing concrete according to binder types. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum mix proportion of the high flowing concrete having good flowability, viscosity and no-segregation. For this purpose, two types using belite cement＋lime stone powder(LSP) and furnace slag cement+lime stone powder are selected and tested by design factors including water cement ratio, fine and coarse aggregate volume ratio. As test results of this study, the optimum mix proportion for binder types is as followings. 1) One type based belite cement ; water cement ratio $51^{\circ}C$, fine aggregate volume ratio $43^{\circ}C$ and coarse aggregate volume ratio $53^{\circ}C$, replacement ratio of LSP $42.7^{\circ}C$. 2) Another type based slag cement : water cement ratio $41^{\circ}C$, fine aggregate volume ratio $47^{\circ}C$ and coarse aggregate volume ratio $53^{\circ}C$, replacement ratio of LSP $13.5^{\circ}C$.

• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.90-100
• /
• 1995

This study was performed to develop the lightweight concrete using synthetic lightweight aggregate and natural coarse aggregate. Mixing ratios were three types, the first type was mixed cement and synthetic lightweight fine aggregate (Type CP), the second type was mixed cement, synthetic lightweight fine aggregate and synthetic lightweight coarse aggregate (Type CPE), the third type was mixed cement, synthetic lightweight fine aggregate and natural coarse aggregate (Type CPN). The results of this study are summarized as follows ; 1. The W/C of each mixing ratio was increased with increase of the amount of cement used, and it was shown higher in order of Type CP, CPN, CPE. 2. The unit weight of Type CP, CPE and CPN was 1.473~1.647g/cm$^3$, 1.467~1.622g/cm$^3$ and 1.658~1 .838g/cm$^3$, respectively. And the absorption ratio was approximately 20%, which was higher than that of the normal cement concrete. 3. The compressive strength of Type CP was shown 178 ~249kg/cm2, Type CPE was shown 149~241kg/cm$^2$ and Type CPN was shown 196~297kg/cm$^2$, respectively. Each strength ratio was smaller than that of the normal cement concrete. 4. The pulse velocity of Type CP, CPE and CPN was 2, 688~3, 240m/sec, 2, 981~3, 324m/sec and 2, 989 ~ 3, 545m/sec, respectively. And it was increased with increase of strength and unit weight. 5. The length change ratio at 28 days was in the range of 0.057~0.077%, and earlier length change ratio was higher than that of the later.

• Advances in concrete construction
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.173-181
• /
• 2020

Fracture properties of concrete depend on the mix proportions of the ingredients, specimen shape and size, type of testing method used for the evaluation of fracture properties. Aggregates play a key role for changes in the fracture behaviour of concrete as they constitute about 60-75 % of the total volume of the concrete. The present study deals with the effect of size and quantity of coarse aggregate on the fracture behaviour of steel fibre reinforced self compacting concrete (SFRSCC). Lower coarse aggregate and higher fine aggregate content in SCC results in the stronger interfacial transition zone and a weaker stiffness of concrete compared to vibrated concrete. As the fracture properties depend on the aggregates quantity and size particularly in SCC, three nominal sizes (20 mm, 16 mm and 12.5 mm) and three coarse to fine aggregate proportions (50-50, 45-55, 40-60) were chosen as parameters. Wedge Split Test (WST), a stable test method was adopted to arrive the requisite properties. Specimens without and with guide notch were investigated. The results are indicative of increase in fracture energy with increase in coarse aggregate size and quantity. The splitting force was maximum for specimens with 12.5 mm size which is associated with a brittle failure in the pre-ultimate stage followed by a ductile failure due to the presence of steel fibres in the post-peak stage.

• 한국도로학회논문집
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.117-127
• /
• 2007

골재노출 콘크리트포장은 저소음 포장으로서 유럽, 일본등지에서 성공적으로 사용되어 왔다. 골재노출 콘크리트포장은 콘크리트 표면의 모르타르를 제거하여 표면에 굵은 골재를 노출시키기는 공법이다. 타이어-노면간의 소음을 저감시키는 표면특성도 중요하지만 포장표면이 공용중에 지속적으로 적정한 미끄럼저항을 확보하여야 한다는 점이 간과되어서는 안된다. 반복적인 타이어-노면간 마찰은 표면조직을 마모시켜서 미끄럼저항값을 감소시키게 된다. 골재노출 콘크리트포장의 경우 노면에 굵은 골재가 노출되어 타이어와 접촉되므로 노면에 노출된 굵은 골재의 암종과 형상이 노면마모에 지대한 영향을 미친다. 일반적으로 골재마모특성에 대한 평가시험은 로스앤젤레스시험기에 의한 마모시험과 Accelerated Polishing Machine에 의한 마모시험이 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다섯 가지 암종의 굵은 골재에 대하여 두 시험법으로 마모를 평가하였다. 실험결과 두 시험법은 실험골재특성뿐만 아니라 마모특성에 따라 상반된 마모저항결과를 도출하였다. 도로노면의 마모는 타이어와 반복된 마찰에 의해 발생하는데 로스앤젤레스에 의한 굵은 골재 마모시험은 굵은 골재의 전체표면과 철구간 충격에 인하여 마모감량이 나타나서 형상에 따라 마모에 대한 저항성을 평가하기 때문에 도로노면의 마모를 파악하기에는 적합하지 않다고 판단된다. 반면에 APM에 의한 굵은 골재 마모시험은 실험법 자체가 노출된 굵은 골재와 타이어의 반복 마찰로 인하여 마모에 대한 저항성을 평가하기 때문에 APM에 의한 굵은 골재 마모시험이 골재노출 콘크리트포장의 노면에 노출된 굵은 골재의 특성에 따른 마모에 대한 저항성을 파악하는데 보다 효과적이라고 사료된다. APM에 의한 마모저항 결과로부터 골재 암종, 비중, 하나 이상의 파쇄면을 가진 골재의 백분률, 편장석 함유율등이 골재의 마모에 중요한 영향을 미친다는 점을 파악할 수 있었다.을 나타냈으며, 그 중 물 추출물에서는 다호조생 품종이 지름 13mm의 저해환을, 알코올 추출물에서는 청목노상 품종이 지름 15mm의 저해환으로 효과가 가장 우수하여 천연 항균제 및 생리활성 물질로의 이용가능성을 추측할 수 있었다.이나 세포핵 및 동양모세혈관등에 병리학적인 변화가 관찰되지 않았으며 간세포대의 배열도 규칙적이었다. 따라서 돼지감자의 이눌린, 연잎분말, 허브의 쐐기풀분말 및 유칼립투스 잎의 분말을 사용한 병합다이어트식이 급여가 비정상적인 지방 축적으로 인한 비만을 효과적으로 예방하고 개선할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.관리 영역의 평균은 1.7/2.0점(85%)으로 나타났고, 농산물이 가장 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 가장 취약한 항목은 '전처리'에서 '세척용수의 온도관리' 항목에서 0.7점이었고, 더욱이 농산물은 0.4점으로 평가되었다. 농산물 업체는 '세절시 이물 혼입방지'와 수산물의 '냉장 냉동식품의 절단시 품온관리'가 문제시되었다. 7. 용수관리 영역의 평균은 2.0/2.0점(100%)으로 가장 높았다. 개인위생관리 영역의 평균은 1.8/2.0점(90%)이며, 모든 항목이 잘 관리되고 있었다. 검사관리 영역은 평균 1.4/2.0점(70%)으로 가장 낮게 평가되었으며, '적정 검사시설 및 기구 구비' 항목은 공산품에서 평균 0.2점으로 평가되어 타품목에 비해 현저히 낮았고(p<0.01), 평가한 93개 항목 중 가장 불량한 상태로 관리되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. '검사용 장비 및 기구의 검교정' 항목은 농산물이 0.4점으로 관리상태의 개선이 필요하며, 품목별로 볼 때 낮은 점수로 평가되었다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해볼 때, 원재료의 입고 및 반품관리와 검사관리는 가장 관리가 미비한 영역으로 규명되었다. 구입되는 원재료의 안전성을 위해서는 입고 및 반품 기준이 정확하게 설정되어야 하고, 검사관리를 통해 원재료와 최종제품의 안전성이