• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.153-157
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• 2004

Bacteria isolated from nasal cavity of 50 Thoroughbred horses with respiratory tract infection were examined. There were isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa(33.5%), Escherichia coli(10.2%), Pseudomonas spp(7.6%), Klebsiella oxytoca(5.9%), Streptococcus equi subsp zooepidemious(6.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae(3.4%), Acinetobacter spp(5.5%) and coagulase negative staphylococcus(2.1%). The majority of isolates were highly susceptible to amikacin, amoxicillin, aztreonam, cefotaxime, cefepime, cefotetan, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, imipenem, tetracyclin and vancomycin. These results can provide basic information for the treatments of respiratory tract infections in Thoroughbred horses.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.248-252
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• 2018

Puerperal sepsis is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Postpartum pelvic infections can cause various complications, including wound infections and necrotizing fasciitis. Several microorganisms are known to cause such infections; however, no study has reported on Staphylococcus caprae, a coagulase-negative staphylococcus that is isolated frequently from animals and infrequently from human specimens, as a causative agent. Here, we report a rare case of septic shock complicated by necrotizing fasciitis after a cesarean section. This is the first report of a human isolate of S. caprae in association with puerperal sepsis and necrotizing fasciitis.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.127.1-127.1
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of resistance to macrolide, lincosamide, streptogramin and ketolide antibiotics in Korea. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed to the macrolide erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, josamycin, the lincosamide clindamycin, the streptogramin synercid and the ketolide ABT -773 against 337 clinical Staphylococcus aureus(SAU). Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CNS) and Enterococci isolates exhibited an average percentage of 64％, 56％, and 81 ％ of resistance to erythromycin, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1322-1328
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• 2012

Antibiotic resistance patterns of bacterial isolates from both quarter teat-tip swabs and their quarter milk samples were evaluated in smallholder dairy farms in northern Thailand with excessive use of antibiotics (HIGH) compared with normal use (NORM). Results from teat-tip swab samples showed that the percentage of Bacillus spp. resistance to overall antibiotics was significantly lower in the NORM group than that of the HIGH group, whereas, the resistance percentage of coagulase-negative staphylococci in the NORM group was higher than that of the HIGH one. The overall mastitis-causing bacteria isolated from milk samples were environmental streptococci (13.8%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (9.9%), Staphylococcus aureus (5.4%), and Corynebacterium bovis (4.5%). Both staphylococci and streptococci had significantly higher percentages of resistance to cloxacillin and oxacillin in the HIGH group when compared to the NORM one. An occurrence of vancomycin-resistant bacteria was also observed in the HIGH group. In conclusion, the smallholder dairy farms with excessive use of antibiotics had a higher probability of antibiotic-resistant pattern than the farms with normal use.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to develop a LightCycler-based real time PCR (LC-PCR) assay and to evaluate its diagnostic use for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk samples. Following amplification of 113 bp of coa gene encoding an coagulase precursor specific for Staphylococcus aureus, melting curve and DNA sequencing analysis was performed to verify the specificity of the PCR products. Amplification of 209 bp gene encoding an altered penicillin-binding protein, PBP2a (mecA), melting curve analysis and DNA sequencing analysis was performed to verify methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). According to this study, 6 of 647 raw milk samples showed S. aureus positive and 2 of them showed a mecA positive and the detection limit was 10 fg of DNA. And we also isolated Staphylococcus chromogenes a causative agent of exudative epidermitis in pigs and cattle from 3 samples.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.159-167
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• 2001

Staphylocorccus aureus is gram positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-sporulative coccus, and positive for coagulase and DNase. The food-poisoning outbreak of Staphylococcus aureus increases in the world, and third occurrence happened in our country. Of 105 isolates (25.4%) obtained 413 focal samples of food-poisoning suspicious patients. In those cases, the enterotoxins were detected from a total of 45 isolates (42.9%), 9 isolates(20.0%) were A type, 33 isolates (73.3%) were H types, 2 isolates (4.4%) were G type and 1 isolate was a I type enterotoxin. Among the isolates possessing staphylococcal enterotoxins, 29 isolates had H type only(64.4%), 5 isolates had A type only and 4 isolates had both A and H type. Two isolates had G type only and 1 isolate had I type only. In the antibiotic susceptibility, 48 isolates (46%) had at least one antibiotic resistance among 105 isolates, 34 isolates (70.8%) were resistant to penicillin. 1 isolate (2.1%) to ampicillin, 3 isolates (6.3%) to erythromycin and kanamycin. Seven were resistant to more than two antibiotics and especially 1 isolate was resistant to penicillin-ampicillin-nitrofurantoin.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2011

최근 몇년간 국립수의과학검역원에서 조사한 바에 따르면, 국내 젖소에서 유방염을 일으키는 주된 원인균은 황색포도상구균을 제외하고는 거의 대부분 젖소의 환경으로부터 유래하는 환경성 세균에 의한 것으로 확인된 바 있다. 국내 젖소의 유방염 원인균으로 작용하고 있는 이러한 환경성 세균 중 coagulase-음성 포도상구균 (Coagulase-negative Staphylococci, CNS)과 E. coli 등의 그람 음성균이 가장 많은 비율을 차지하였지만 그 외에 Streptococcus uberis를 비롯한 환경성 연쇄상 구균과 장구균도 상당한 비율을 차지하는 것으로 조사되었으며 이에 대해서는 지난 9월호에서도 상세히 기술한 바 있다. 환경성 연쇄상구균과 장구균은 젖소에서 유선감염 및 임상형 유방염의 중요한 원인이며 환경성 연쇄상구균 중 가장 흔히 발견되는 유방염 원인체는 Streptococcus uberis 로서, 이는 국내에서뿐만 아니라 미국, 유럽, 뉴질랜드, 호주 등에서 수행된 많은 연구결과에서도 마찬가지로 나타났다. 장구균 중 가장 흔히 분리되는 균종은 E. faecium과 E. faecalis로서 검역원에서 지난 몇 년간 조사된 결과에서도 이 두 가지 균 종이 유방염우유에서 분리된 장구균의 90% 이상을 차지하였다. 이러한 환경성 연쇄상구균과 장구균은 사람과 동물의 장관, 분변, 감염된 유방 및 전체적인 목장 환경에서 분리되고 있다. 장구균은 일반적으로 환경성 연쇄상구균/장구균 유방염 감염증 중의 일부일뿐이고 장구균에 의한 유방염이 목장의 주된 문제가 되는 일은 비교적 드물다. 현재, 장구균에 의해 발생하는 유방염은 S. uberis를 통제하기 위해 사용되는 방법과 동일한 방법으로 통제할 수 있다고 여겨진다. 원인체에 상관없이 유방염을 통제하기 위한 기본적인 원칙은 유방염을 일으킬 수 있는 병원체에 유두끝이 노출되는 기회를 줄이거나 감염에 대한 젖소의 저항성을 증가시키는 두 가지 방법이다. 역으로 얘기하면, 병원체에 대한 유두끝 노출을 증가시키거나 감염에 대한 젖소의 저항성을 감소시키는 요인들은 우군 내에서 더 많은 유방염을 발생시킬 가능성이 높기 때문에 위험요인으로 간주된다. 본 고에서는 환경성 연쇄상구균에 의한 유방염과 관련이 있는 것으로 알려진 이러한 여러 가지 위험요인들에 대해 알아보고 그러한 위험요인을 줄일 수 있는 방법에 대해서도 고찰하고자 한다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 1996

Purpose : In the treatment of MRSA infection, rapid detection of MRSA is extremely important. The mecA gene codes the new drug resistant polypeptides called PBP2' which mediates the clinically relevant resistance to all beta-lactam antibiotics. The identical mecA gene has been found in coagulase-negative staphylococcus with the methicillin-resistant phenotype. On the other hand, the femA gene was absent from coagulase negative staphylococcus strains with the methicillin resistant phenotype. This study is aimed at early detection and definite diagnosis of MRSA. Methods : A total of 24 MRSA strains were studied. All strains were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and purified DNA. We amplified both mecA and femA genes by PCR in 24 strains. Results : In MRSA all the 16 strains (100%) carried femA gene and 11 strains (68.7%) carried mecA gene. In contrast, in methicillin sensitive staphylococcus all the 8 strains (100%) carried femA and only 3 strains (37.5%) were detected mecA. Conclusions : As results, there are difference in the phenotype and genotype of methicillin resistance by PCR of mecA and femA. Such disparities between methicillin resistance and the presence of mecA gene suggest the presence of control gene of the mecA.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.536-541
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• 2013

Background Pathogens in the nasal cavity during nasal surgery could lead to a systemic infectious condition, such as bacteremia, nosocomial infection, or toxic shock syndrome. However, there is no research about the prevalence of nasal carriage in patients with nasal bone fracture. Methods This was a prospective, double-blind, randomized study about the rate of nasal carriage in 200 patients with nasal bone fracture in Korea. Nasal secretions were taken from both the middle nasal meatus and colonized. All analyses were carried out using SPSS software. Results Pathogens were identified in 178 of the 200 cases. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were the most cultured bacteria in 127 (66.84%) of the 190 total patients after excluding 10 cases of contaminated samples, and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCNS) were found in 48 (25.26%). Staphylococcus aureus was the second most identified pathogen, found in 36 (18.95%), followed by 7 cases (3.68%) of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The prevalence rate of MRSA in the females was higher than that in the males (RR=4.70; 95% CI, 1.09-20.18), but other demographic factors had no effect on the prevalence rate of MRSA and MRCNS. Conclusions The prevalence rate of these pathogens in patients with nasal bone fracture in Korea was similar to other reports. However, few studies have addressed the prevalence rate of CNS and MRCNS in accordance with risk factors or the change in prevalence according to specific prophylaxis against infectious complications. Additional research is needed on the potential connections between clinical factors and microbiological data.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.531-537
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• 1993

A study was carried out to define the relationship between the N-acetyl-$\beta$-D-glucosaminidase(NAGase) levels and isolated pathogenic bacteria in 379 quarter fore milk of mastitis suspected samples collected in this clinics. All samples were tested the NAGase, California mastitis test(CMT), Somatic cell count(SCC) and bacterial culture. Except 111 from 379 samples, 268 bacteria-positive quarter fore milk samples were classified into the latent and mastitis infection group by SCC($500,000cells\;per\;m{\ell}$), and the mean NAGase levels($nmol/min/m{\ell}$) of each isolated pathogen in mastitis infection group were Staphylococcus aureus 3.067, Coagulase-negative staphylococci 4.083, Staphylococcus aureus 3.594, Str. uberis 3.513, Str. dysgalactiae 1.640, E coli 4.441 and gram negative rods 4.560, respectively. Most of the relationship between mean SCC and NAGase in each pathogen group were highly significant using a student t test(p<0.05). When the mastitis pathogens were classified into minor(Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Corynebacterium sp.) and major pathogen group(Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Str. uberis, Str. dysgalactiae, gram negative rods), the NAGase levels were higher at major than minor pathogen group. On the other hand, when the mastitis milk samples were classified by SCC($500,000cells\;per\;m{\ell}$) and by the presence of pathogen(IDF scheme), the NAGase levels were also higher at the mastitis than latent infection. The possibility of combining SCC and NAGase data in order to give the more difinitive diagnosis is discussed.