• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.37-59
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• 2023

Squat reinforced concrete (SRC) shear walls are a critical part of the structure for both office/residential buildings and nuclear structures due to their significant role in withstanding seismic loads. Despite this, empirical formulae in current design standards and published studies demonstrate a considerable disparity in predicting SRC wall shear strength. The goal of this research is to develop and evaluate hybrid and ensemble artificial neural network (ANN) models. State-of-the-art population-based algorithms are used in this research for hybrid intelligence algorithms. Six models are developed, including Honey Badger Algorithm (HBA) with ANN (HBA-ANN), Hunger Games Search with ANN (HGS-ANN), fitness-distance balance coyote optimization algorithm (FDB-COA) with ANN (FDB-COA-ANN), Averaging Ensemble (AE) neural network, Snapshot Ensemble (SE) neural network, and Stacked Generalization (SG) ensemble neural network. A total of 434 test results of SRC walls is utilized to train and assess the models. The results reveal that the SG model not only minimizes prediction variance but also produces predictions (with R²= 0.99) that are superior to other models.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to develop a LightCycler-based real time PCR (LC-PCR) assay and to evaluate its diagnostic use for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk samples. Following amplification of 113 bp of coa gene encoding an coagulase precursor specific for Staphylococcus aureus, melting curve and DNA sequencing analysis was performed to verify the specificity of the PCR products. Amplification of 209 bp gene encoding an altered penicillin-binding protein, PBP2a (mecA), melting curve analysis and DNA sequencing analysis was performed to verify methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). According to this study, 6 of 647 raw milk samples showed S. aureus positive and 2 of them showed a mecA positive and the detection limit was 10 fg of DNA. And we also isolated Staphylococcus chromogenes a causative agent of exudative epidermitis in pigs and cattle from 3 samples.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.67-75
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• 1991

This study was conducted to evaluate the difference of staphylococcal colonization between lactating mothers and nursery stares. Samples were obtained from the hands and noses of the newborn(admitted to S Univ. hospital's nursery from 1991. 5. 23 to 6. 8), their mothers and nursery staffs. They were cultured, and then the presence/absence of pathogenic staphylococci in them were analyzed by Fisher exact probability test which led to these conclusion of significance as follows: 1. No differences were detected in pathogenic rate of nasal swab culture between breast~fed newborns and formula-fed ones. 2. Delivery type and hospitalization the ones from the brest-fed newborns show high rate of Sta. aureus coa(+). In case of either C-sec delivery or long (more than 4 days) hospitalization, formula-fed ones in case of NSVD or short (less than 3 days) hospitalization. 3. The ones from breast feeding mothers show higher sta. aureus coa(+) than those from nursery staffs, which was of no significance statistically. Considering nursery staffs only, however, the comparison of those with the data in April indicates that the pathogen rate is higher for hand than nose, and Sta aureus coa(+) for hand is far lower in June than in April, which was statistically significant. These results lead us to infer that newborn infection in hospitalization could be largely reduced by maintaining the ordinary hygienes. Such as the handwashing of mothers as well as nursery staffs (directly involved in newborn care) Thus the pre-enterance hand washing of a mother who visits the nursery only for breast feeding (without any other medical responsibility) should be done, like other medical agents, with $0.05\%$ chlorhexidine antiseptics rather than simple soap cleansing; the one 'that is worth emphasizing thoroughly.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.128-135
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• 2020

Long-term shipping contracts represent the cooperative and coexisting relationships between the shipping and steel industries. Yet, differences between the contract forms for iron ore and steel products have emerged. Specifically, the large proportion of consecutive voyage charters (CVC) is being applied in the iron ore trade, whereas the contract of affreightment (COA) is proportionally higher for shipping steel products. The literature review and in-depth interviews in this study identified through the research model, the characteristics of the shipping and market structure in both markets have significantly contributed to the preference of different long-term contracts. It has been determined that the mutual oligopoly market structure and the characteristics of shipping such as, the small number of suitable vessels in the market, the single fixed load/discharge ports, the long-distance voyages, and the potential risks for fatal accidents because of cargo liquefaction, for the iron ore trade, provide higher contribution to the preference of CVC contracts. In contrast, the consignor oligopoly market structure and the shipping characteristics, such as the greater number of suitable vessels available in the market, the variation in ports, the cargo quantity per shipment, the various load/discharge ports, and the need for experienced carriers for steel product loading in the steel product trade has shown higher preference on the COA contracts as the consignors with superiority over the shipowners, resulting in favorable contract types and conditions for the consignors.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.1182-1185
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• 2002

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of long light regime (20 h light and 4 h dark, 20L:4D) and short light regime (4 h light and 20 h dark, 4L:20D) on egg production and egg characteristics of laying geese. Thirty-six laying birds, 4 replicates of 3 birds per treatment were allotted to three light regimes, i.e., 20L:4D, 4L:20D, and natural light (NAT) from March 7 to June 20. Results showed that the geese in 20L:4D consumed 54 g less feed per goose daily and laid 17.5 less eggs per goose (p<0.05) comparing to those in 4L:20D. The number of days from initiation of light treatment till cease of laying was 22 days shorter (p<0.05) in 20L:4D comparing to that in NAT. Five geese (41.7%) in 4L:20D kept laying by the end of applying light regime. Weight and surface area of the eggs in 4L:20D were greater (p<0.05) comparing to those in the other two light regimes. It is concluded that the period of egg production in goose could be manipulated by light regime in the ways such as using short light regime of 4 h light daily to prolong egg production through summer and using long light regime of 20 h light daily to induce cease of egg production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.880-885
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• 2014

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of an outdoor-grazed raising model on meat composition, physical properties and sensory attributes of Taiwan game hens. Six hundred 1-d old female chicks were raised on a floor for 8 weeks. On day 57, 600 healthy birds, with similar body weight, were selected and randomly assigned to three treatment groups (cage, floor-pen and free-range). The results showed that different feeding models had no effect on drip loss, cooking loss, moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, zinc and calorie contents in breast meat and moisture content in thigh meat. The free-range group had the lowest fat content in both breast and thigh meat, and the lowest calorie content in thigh meat. The firmness and toughness in both thigh and breast of the free-range group were the highest values (p<0.05). The crude protein, total collagen, zinc and iron contents in thigh meat and total collagen content in breast meat of the free-range group were significantly higher than those of the cage-feeding group (p<0.05). The meat sensory scores of flavor, chewiness and overall acceptability of both thigh and breast meat of the free-range group were significantly (p<0.05) better than those of the other two groups. Moreover, the current findings also indicate that the Taiwan game hens of the free-range feeding model displayed well-received carcass traits and meat quality, with higher scores for flavor, chewiness and overall acceptability for greater sensory satisfaction in both breast and thigh meat. In addition, the thigh meat contained high protein and total collage but low fat, offering a healthier diet choice.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.87-98
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• 2024

This study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of the filtering sets composed of fiberboards, which were fabricated with lignocellulosic fiber and cork oak bark-based activated carbon (COA), as well as traditional Korean paper handmade from mulberry trees (KP) for the filtration of PM, TVOC and HCHO. Three-layers fiberboards (WRF) were fabricated with wood fiber in its surface layers and recycled fiber/COA in its core layer using a protein-based adhesive with the resin content of 8%. Filtering sets were composed of three WRF and one sheet of KP. Concentrations of PM, TVOC and HCHO generated with the combustion of a incense in a sealed laboratory hood were reduced efficiently with the operation of air-purifier installed the filtering sets. Except for the WRF fabricated with 4%/4% resin contents, other WRF were prepared with 5%/3% and 6%/2% resin contents in surface/core layers, and then the WRF were used with KP for the fabrication of filtering sets. Filtration efficiency of the filtering sets was improved as the core-layer resin content applied in the fabrication of WRF decreased. In addition, filtration efficiency of the WRF-based filtering set fabricated with KP of 25 g/m² basis weight was higher than that with KP of 45 g/m² basis weight. Filtering sets composed of three-layers fiberboards (RWF) that recycled fiber and wood fiber/COA were used in its surface and core layers, respectively, and KP-25g showed higher filtration efficiency than those of WRF-based filtering sets. Air-inhalation equipment installed the RWF-based, WRF-based filtering sets and without filtering set were operated in small indoor and large outdoor spaces. Efficiency for filtering PM and TVOC of the RWF-based filtering sets was higher than that of other filtering sets. It is concluded that fiberboard-based filtering sets composed of RWF and KP-25g can be used as a filter for reducing the concentrations of PM and TVOC existed in indoor and outdoor spaces.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.1244-1247
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• 2004

For obtaining the best panel quality of color filter on array(COA) architecture in TFF LCD, we investigated the influence of deposition temperature, $O_2$ flow, thickness on the optical transmittance, wet etching and adhesion properties of IZO deposited onto each color photo resist(red, green, blue). Average transmittance of the pixel single layer in the visible range(between 380 and 780nm) was mainly affected by thickness and showed maximum at 1250 ${\AA}$ while the thickness showing peak transparency in each R, G, B wavelength was different. The relation was calculated by using bi-layer transmission and reflectance model, which corresponded to experimental data very well. The adhesion of IZO deposited on each color PR was found to have enhanced value except red PR case, compared to that of IZO which was deposited on $SiN_x$. Wet etching pattern linearity was decreased as the thickness increased. The thickness of IZO was one of vital factors in order to optimize overall pixel process for fabricating COA structure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.20 no.2 s.70
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• pp.38-43
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• 2005

Several nuclear power plants reported that they often found the combination cracks, which consist of longitudinal and circumferential cracks in the tubes. For the burst pressure of a tube with a single longitudinal or circumferential crack several experimental equations have been proposed in published literatures. But for the combination crack appropriate fracture criterion has not been proposed yet. In this study the burst pressures of a tube with a longitudinal crack or a T-type combination crack consisting of longitudinal and circumferential cracks were obtained experimentally and analytically. Fracture parameters such as crack opening angle (COA) were investigated by using elastic plastic analysis. Also the burst pressure far a T-type combination crack located near a tubesheet was considered to develop a length-based criterion. Because most of the axial, circumferential or combination cracks initiate in roll transition zone near the tubesheet.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.880-886
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• 2015

Bacterial heme was produced from a genetic-engineered Escherichia coli via the porphyrin pathway and it was useful as an iron resource for animal feed. The amount of the E. coli-synthesized heme, however, was only few milligrams in a culture broth and it was not enough for industrial applications. To analyze heme biosynthetic pathways, an engineered E. coli artificially overexpressing ALA synthase (hemA from Rhodobacter sphaeroides) and pantothenate kinase (coaA gene from self geneome) was constructed as a bacterial heme-producing strain, and both the transcription levels of pathway genes and the intermediates concentrations were determined from batch and continuous cultures. Transcription levels of the pathway genes were not significantly changed among the tested conditions. Intracellular intermediate concentrations indicated that aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and coenzyme A (CoA) were enhanced by the hemA-coaA co-expression. Intracellular coproporphyrinogen I and protoporphyrin IX accumulation suggested that the bottleneck steps in the heme biosynthetic pathway could be the spontaneous conversion of HMB to coproporphyrinogen I and the limited conversion of protoporphyrin IX to heme, respectively. A strategy to increase the conversion of ALA to heme is discussed based on the results.