• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.405-410
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• 1996

Phylogenetic analyses were carried out using four Indonesian native chicken breeds; Kampung, Bangkok, Pelung and Kedu. Gene frequencies of four blood group (A, B, D and E) and eight electrophoretic loci (akp, Akp-2, Es-1, Amy-1, Alb, Tf, Pas and Pa-1) were examined. Geographical and breed specific trends in the gene frequencies were not found in the local population of Kampung breed or in four native breeds. The values of average heterozygosity were estimated as 0.35-0.45. Genetic distances among the local populations of Kampung breed and other native breeds were comparatively small. In a cluster analysis, the Bangkok breed and Kampung E population showed distance from another cluster. The coefficient of gene differentiation for local populations of Kampung breed was estimated as 0.099.

• 천문학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.95-105
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• 1991

In the presence of synchrotron losses, diffusion of an ensembel of relativistic particles in an intraculster medium is investigated. The diffusion coefficient in the medium is found to be constrained by $28.8\;{\pm}\;0.4\;{\leq}\;Log\;D\;{\leq}\;30.5\;{\pm}\;0.4\;cm^2s^{-1}$ with the energy dependency of $D_0{\varepsilon}^{\mu}$ of ${\mu}=0.4{\pm}0.2$ as the previous observations suggested. As an important implication of the result, the brightest head-tail radio source NGC 4869, whose radio tail structure is indicative for its orbit within the cluster core, is considered to be the major contributor of particles for the formation of the Coma radio halo.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.333-344
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• 2017

We present the environmental dependence of the luminosity-size relation of galaxies in the local universe (z < 0.01) along with their dependence on galaxy morphology represented by five broad types (E, dEs, S0, Sp, and Irr). The environmental parameters we consider are the local background density and the group/cluster membership together with the clustercenteric distance for the Virgo cluster galaxies. We derive the regression coefficient (${\beta}$), i.e., the slope of the line representing the least-squares fitting to the data and the Pearson correlation coefficient (c.c.) representing the goodness of the least-squares fit along with the confidence interval from bootstrap resampling. We find no significant dependence of the luminosity-size relation on galaxy morphology. However, there is a weak dependence of the luminosity-size relations on the environment of galaxies, in the sense that galaxies in the low density environment have shallower slopes than galaxies in the high density regions except for elliptical galaxies that show an opposite trend.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.716-720
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• 2006

The genetic diversity among the genus Viola was evaluated using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method. A total of 142 distinct amplification fragments by 18 random primers were scored to perform the cluster analysis with UPGMA. Viola species from the subsection Patellares were clustered into group I to IV. The groups from I to IV were consistent with its morphological taxonomy, series Pinnatae, Chinensis, Variegatae, and Patellares in the subsection Patellares, respectively. Even though V. albida and V. albida var. takahasii were classified in Chinensis, they were assigned into group I. The cluster analysis separated other subsections from Patellares in the section Nomimium. Interestingly, V. verecunda and V. grypoceras in subsections Biobatae and Trigonocarpae, respectively, were clustered into group C with a high similarity coefficient. Therefore, RAPD analysis can be used for providing an alternative classification system to identify genotypes and morphological characters of Viola species.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2009

The risk assessment for heavy metal pollutions were analyzed by using statistical techniques including correlation and cluster analyses. The contamination data in this investigation obtained were from the Chungcheongnam-do abandoned mines. The descriptive statistical analysis showed that the values of Pb and Zn were relatively higher than other heavy metal values. The detection of heavy metals by distance from abandoned mines within 1,000m were mostly As, Cd, Pb, and Zn. It was noted, especially, that Zn was even detected at 4,000m The results of coefficient correlation showed that Zn to Cd was the highest values. The cluster and dendogram analyses were generated. The results showed the two clear groups by heavy metal characteristics.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.84-89
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• 2005

Goal of this study is to implement 3-dimensional underwater appearance graphical display, fishery measured information display, sonar data representation and display, and 3-dimensional underwater appearance animation based on coefficient data of chaos behavior and fishing modeling of fishing gears from PC cluster system. In order to accomplish the goals of this study, it is essential to compose user interfacing and realistic description of image scenes in the towing-net fishery simulator, and techniques to describe sand cloud effects under water using particle systems are necessary. In this study, we implemented graphical representations and animations of the simulator by using OpenGL together with C routines.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2010

With the various urban characteristics of each city, the existing water demand prediction, which uses average liter per capita day, cannot be used to achieve an accurate prediction as it fails to consider several variables. Thus, this study considered social and industrial factors of 164 local cities, in addition to population and other directly influential factors, and used main substance and cluster analyses to develop a more efficient water demand prediction model that considers unique localities of each city. After clustering, a multiple regression model was developed that proved that the $R^2$ value of the inclusive multiple regression model was 0.59; whereas, those of Clusters A and B were 0.62 and 0.74, respectively. Thus, the multiple regression model was considered more reasonable and valid than the inclusive multiple regression model. In summary, the water demand prediction model using principal component and cluster analyses as the standards to classify localities has a better modification coefficient than that of the inclusive multiple regression model, which does not consider localities.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.247-264
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• 1993

This study deals with the manufacturing of the foundation garments for the well-balanced somatotype of the Korean middle-aged womenhood. In order to get hold of the different somatotypes, a survey of a total of 134 middle-aged women in Kwangju area, ranging in their age from 45 through 59 was made. The statistical methods used for the analysis of the basic data were the Pearson's correlation coefficient, Anova, Cluster analysis and Stepwise. Emphasis of the try-on test was placed on (1) the comparison of anthropometric data before and after trying on the foundation garments, (2) sensory evaluation, (3) a rating on fit and performance, (4) the comparison by means of photograph. The conclusions obtained are as follows : 1) The 134 women sampled and measured were classified into the five groups of somatotype : the 52 women (34%) belong to Cluster 1 ; the 22 women(14.5%) belong in Cluster 2 ; the 12 women(7.9%) belong in Cluster 3 ; the 15 women(9.9%) belong in Cluster 4 ; the 33 women(27.7%) belong to Cluster 5. 2) As for the characteristics of the foundation garment design, the V-shaped neckline and chest dart was used. The adjust point is right above the perineum point. The foundation garment length is as far as trochanteric point. The materials used are cotton/polyurethane, lace, 100%cotton. The materials used for corrections were the sponge pad for the chest, and non-woven fabric pad for the back, shoulder and the hip. 3) The comparison of the anthropometric data of the subject when dressed in foundation garments showed a significant difference in bust point height, in bust point length and in nipple-ta-nipple breadth, which proves the foundation garments to be effective in correcting such part as the chest, the hip and the abdomen. 4) As considered in terms of the sensory evaluation, the item except for the shoulder and the armhole coincided with each other in the mean value and in the composite reliability coefficient, which also proves the foundation garments to be effective. 5) Subjects were satisfactory on fit, performance, design, of the foundation garment, and their changed appearance. 6) In the case of the comparison through the photographs, the silhouettes of all the five women subjects were found effectively to be balanced.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.62-69
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• 1985

忠武灣에서 分離한 108個의 菌株에 대하여 고전적 분류방법과 수리적 분류방법을 비교하고, 균주간의 相關關係數를 구하여 유사성을 確認하였다. 수리적 분류에서는 고전적 분류와는 달리 Gram(+)와 Gram(-) 菌株가 전체 cluster에 分散되어있고, coccus와 rod가 분리되었으며, genus간의 分類는 수리적 방법과 고전적 방법사이에 連關性이 크게 나타났다. 下層에서 採取된 균주는 다른 層에 비해 균주간의 분류학적 유사성이 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 灣 內部 (Group I)의 菌株와 外部 (Group II)의 菌株間의 거리는 각 Group內의 菌株間의 연관성보다 적은 것으로 나타났으며, 干潮時 海水에서 분리된 균주와 滿潮時 분리된 균주간에는 연관성이 적음이 확인 되었다.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.81-88
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• 1996

클러스터링은 주어진 데이타 집합의 패턴을 비슷한 성질을 가지는 그룹으로 나누어 패턴 상호간의 관계를 정립하기 위한 방법론이다. 이러한 클러스터링 기법을 위하여 많은 알고리즘이 개발되었고, 패턴인식과 영상처리 등의 여러 공학영역에 적용되어 왔다. 대부분의 실세계 데이타는 그 경계가 명확하지 않으므로 그 특성을 보다 정확히 반영하기 위하여 퍼지이론이 도입되었다.이와 같은 클러스터 분석 방법은 보다 적절히 으용하기 위하여 클러스터링의 적절성을 평가하기 위한 방법론과 함께 연구되어야 한다. 이를 위하여 각 데이타 패턴이 얼마나 잘 분류되었는지를 수학적으로 계산하기 위한 함수들이 제안되었다. 그러나 클로스터 타당성 문제는 주어지 클러스터링 방법론의 특성, 그 알고리즘에서 사용한 파라메터의 성질, 주어진 입력 데이타 집합의 특성 등 여러 복잡한 상황을 포함하고 있으므로 기존의 연구에서와 같이 하나의 함수를 이용하여 해결하기는 어렵다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 기존에 연구되어온 타당성 측정 함수를 조사하고 그의 단점을 고찰하여 이를 해결하기 위한 방법으로 4가지성능 측정자를 제안하고 이의 결합에 의하여 형성된 클러스터 타당성의 정도를 구하는 방법론을 제시하고자 한다. 또한 이러한 방법은 퍼지 클러스터링을 위한 학습 알고리즘과 결함하여 클러스터의 수나 데이타의 분포에 대한 정보없이 최적 클러스터를 찾아주는 방법에 응용될 수 있음을 보인다.