• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.1212-1217
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• 2003

Fifty-two Holstein cows with different phenotypes of $\kappa$-casein ($\kappa$-CN) and $\beta$-lactoglobulin ($\beta$-LG) were selected to provide weekly milk samples for heating at 30, 70, 75 and $80^{\circ}C$ for 2 min. Coagulating properties of heated milk samples measured as rennet clotting time, rate of curd firming and curd firmness at cutting were determined by a Formagraph. Milk samples were analysed for fat and casein. Least squares analyses of data, after adjustments were made for effect of milk casein and fat contents, indicated that although an increase in heating temperatures resulted in less desirable coagulating properties, the effect of milk types was inherent irrespective of heating temperatures. The shortest rennet clotting time (6.06 min), fastest rate of curd firming (5.61 min) and firmest curd (38.05 mm) were obtained from milk with the B variant for $\kappa$-CN and B variant for $\beta$ -LG when preheated at $30^{\circ}C$. It appears that milk bearing $\kappa$-CN B is more resistant to heat perturbation. All milk samples having the $\kappa$-casein AA (milk types AA/AA, AA/AB, AA/BB) did not have a measurable K20 value when preheated at $70^{\circ}C$. This effect was observed for $\kappa$-casein AB (milk types AB/AA, AB/AB, AB/BB) at $75^{\circ}C$ and $\kappa$-casein BB (milk types BB/AA, BB/AB, BB/BB) at $80^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.839-850
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• 1993

This study investigated the hypolipidemic and antithrombotic effects of linolenic acid derived from Korean perilla oil. The experimental rats(male, Sprague-Dawley) were divided into 5 groups using a Randomized Complete Block Design and fed one of the five following diets : DO*/O#. D4/O, D4/4, D4/8, or D4/20(D*/# represents the ratio of linoleic to linoenic acid as the percentage of total dietary energy intake) for 4 or 8 months. Bleeding time and whole blood clotting time were determined and the composition of serum and platelet lipids analyzed. Comparisons from the DO/O to the D4/20 group showed that serum lipids (total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol) gradually decreased with increasing linolenic acid intake - the hypolipidemic effect. The composition of platelet fatty acids[the ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)/arachidonci aci(AA)] increased gradually with increasing linolenic acid intake. Higher linolenic acid intake increased bleeding time and whole blood clotting time, and decreased malondialdehyde(MDA) production in the platelets, though no significant differences. These results suggest that linolenic acid derived from perilla oil appears to suppress the conversion of linoleic acid to AA and the EPA transformed from linolenic acid appears to suppress the conversion of AA to TXA2. Since TXA2 is a platelet-aggregating and vasoconstricting agent, the redulction of TXA2 released by platelets with increasing intake of perilla oil containing a lot of linolenic acid confers an antithrombotic effect.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.42-45
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• 2019

Thromboelastography (TEG) analysis consists of ${\alpha}$, G, K, MA, and R types of values and tests the effectiveness of blood clotting, which can be assessed for platelet function, clotting strength, and fibrinolysis. Canine heartworm diseases caused by Dirofilaria immitis, a vascular nematode, can lead to hyperfibrinolysis and hypercoagulation. In this study, G and MA values showed a statistically significant decrease over time after treatment of heartworm disease. Additionally, the ${\alpha}-value$ showed a high correlation with G, K, MA, and R values. The G value showed a high correlation with K and MA values, while The K value showed a high correlation with MA and R values. This study clearly found a gradual decrease in G and MA values in dogs with heartworm disease over time, both before and after treatment. This suggests that the clot formation time is longer and that the intensity of clot formation is lowered and may improve the risk of thromboembolism in dogs with heartworm disease.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.873-879
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• 2014

The constituents from the needles of the pine tree, Pinus densiflora, were purified and investigated for antithrombotic activity. The needles were initially extracted three times with 70% ethanol, and the extract was sequentially fractionated with chloroform and n-butanol. The aqueous layer formed after n-butanol fractionation was subjected to purification by medium pressure and high pressure liquid chromatography. The two neolignans, 2, 3-dihydro-7-hydroxyl-3-hydroxymethyl-2-(4'-hydroxyl -3-methoxyphenyl)-5-benzofuranpropanol-3-O-${\alpha}$-rhamnopyranoside (a neolignan glycoside) and 2, 3-dihyro-3-hydroxymethyl-7-methoxy-2-(4'-hydroxyphenyl-3'-methoxy)-5-benxofuran propanol 4'-O-${\alpha}$-rhamnopyranoside (icariside $E_4$) were identified by $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR spectra. The effect of the purified compounds, the neolignan glycoside and icariside $E_4$ on thrombin inhibition were investigated by measuring thrombin clotting time in plasma. As a result, the clotting of the neolignan glycoside was delayed four times compared to that of icariside $E_4$. In addition, an analysis of the inhibition effect by changing the concentration showed that the clotting time was delayed in accordance with an increase in the concentration of the neolignan glycoside. Furthermore, we examined the interaction of thrombin and fibrinogen to clarify the action mechanism. As a result, the delay of clotting time in the response of thrombin and pure fibrinogen may indicate that neolignan glycosides inhibit the thrombin action in a direct manner, leading to the suppression of fibrin generation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.862-871
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• 1995

This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of ginseng intakes in modifying serum lipid profiles and plasma clotting factors. The participants in this study were 47 normal healthy volunteers(men 24, women 23) with an age range of 35-49 years and a mean age of 41 years residing in Taejon. Based on the diet intakes, subjects were classed into one of three groups : control, vegetarian, and ginseng consumed over 3-4 years. There was no significant difference in their physical characteristics. Dietary calorie intakes were not significantly different in subjects. The ratio of energy intake in the control and ginseng consumed group was 63-64% : 20-21% : 15-16%(Cho : Fat : Pro), but 70-73% : 13-14% :14-15%(Cho : Fat : Pro) in the vegetarians. The intakes of animal food in the vegetarian was significantly lower than the control and ginseng consumed group in men. The ratio of P/S(1.27) was the highest in the vegetarians. Venous blood samples were taken for serum lipid profiling, plasma clotting assay and platelet function. The concentration of serum triglyceride in the men ginseng group is significantly lower than those of the men control group. Serum lipid profiles values of the men ginseng group, such as total cholesterol and phospholipid were lower those of the men control group, but higher those of the men vegetarian group. the serum lipid profile in the women were not significant, but total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL cholesterol levels in the ginseng groups were low. The concentration of HDL cholesterol was not significantly different. Platelet cell count and platelet aggregation were low in the ginseng groups. APTT(Activated Partial thromboplastin time) was significantly elongated in ginseng groups in the normal range. In seems that the major beneficial effects of ginseng intakes in especially men were on the blood concentrations of triglyceride, total cholesterol and elongation of plasma clotting time.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.66-70
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• 2002

The in vitro anticoagulant and fibrinolytic activities of crude extracts from insects were evaluated in order to find effective therapeutic drugs for the treatment of myocardial and cerebral thrombosis. We prepared three types of extracts (water, methanol and ethylacetate) from 28 insects for use as raw materials for the activity assays. The fibrinolytic activity was tested using the fibrin plate method and the activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time were measured for blood clotting activity. With regards to the fibrinolytic system, water extracts of six kinds of insects displayed a remarkable level of activity with a plasmin-like action. The water extracts of [Catharsius molossus, Eupolyphaga sinensis, Huechys sanguinea, Mantidis $o\ddot{o}theca$, Mimela splendens, and Polistes mandarinus (Vespae Nidus)] exhibited the activity. On the other hand, the methanol extracts did not display any fibrinolytic activity. In terms of the coagulation system, an aqueous extract of silkworm Tongchunghacho (Paecilomyces japonica), Oxya japonica japonica and Buthus martensi (Scorpion) increased the clotting time significantly longer (181 times) than the control. These results suggest that crude drugs from insects are useful sources for the development of new drugs for use in treatments involving blood coagulation and fibrinolysis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.560-564
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• 2000

Background; Aprotinin, which is a nonspecific serine protease inhibitor, has an antiinflammatory and thrombogenic effect. However, it has an antithrombogenic effect during the cardiopulmonary bypass. This study was performed to evaluated the effects of aprotinin on the activated clotting time(ACT) and the total amount of the heparin used during the cardiopulmonary bypass. Marterial and Method; From December 1998 to November 1999, 82 consecutive patients electively underwent open heart surgery at Gachon medical school. The patients were older than 18 years. Eighty two patients were classified into a control group(group C, n=36) and a aprotinin-treated group(group A, n=46). Body weight, height, body surface area(BSA), pump time(PT), aortic cross clamping time(ACCT), and body temperature(BT) were determined. Total amount of heparin and protamine during the CPB were also measured. ACT was determined before heparin administration, at 20, 40 and 60 minutes after heparin administration, and after protamine administration. Result; No significant differences were noted in either group in body weight, height, BSA, BT, and the total amoun of heparin and protamine. Group A demonstrated a significant(p <0.05) increase in age, PT, ACCT, and ACT at 20, 40, and 60 minutes after heparin administration. Conclusion; In summary, the use of aprotinin prime resulted in an increase in ACT. The total amount of heparin in aproinin-treated patient was similar to that of the control group in spite of having the prolonged pump time. Therefore aprotinin may reduce the requirement of heparin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1262-1267
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• 2004

An anticoagulant was purified from corn silk which has been used in Oriental Medicine. The anticoagulant from corn silk has a molecular mass of 135 kDa, and purified by 24 folds with a recovery of 11%. It was not sensitive to heat and protease treatment. However, periodate oxidation of the anticoagulant resulted in loss of activity significantly, implying that a carbohydrate was responsible for an anticoagulant activity. Galactose, glucose, mannose, fucose, glucosamine, and galactosamine were detected after acid hydrolysis by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and Bio-LC. It was confirmed that anticoagulant had OH and NH bonds by IR, supporting that the anticoagulant is composed of neutrosugar and aminosugar. Its anticoagulating activity was measured by delay in thrombin time (TT) and prothrombin time (PT) without affecting clotting by snake venom and delay in activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). TT was more sensitive than PT, and was delayed two and three times at the concentration of 60 and 88 nM, respectively. The anticoagulating activity was reduced in the thrombin-induced clotting assay using purified fibrinogen according to the increase of fibrinogen concentration with the apparent Ki value of 23 nM.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.199-214
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• 1998

This study was performed to prove the antithrombotic effects of DoHongYeum fluid by way of experimental methods. The thrombosis was induced by injection of collagen the mixture (0.1ml/10g, 2mg/kg B.W)plus serotonin (5mg/kg B.W) into the caudal vein of rat, 2 hours after liquid extract of DoHongYeum was oral administration. The effect of the fluid of DoHongYeum was rxamined by the number of RBC and platelets, bleeding time, blood clotting time, death rate, platelet aggregation, plasmacoagulation factor activity, exvivo and fibrinolytic activity of englobulin fracture in the rats. The results were summerized as followings. 1. The number of RBC and platelets was significantly increased in DoHomeYeum group incomparison with the control group. 2. Bleeding time was significantly shortened in DHY group in comparison with the controlgroup. 3. Blood clotting time was significantly prolonged in DHY group in comparison with the control group. 4. The death rate of mouse was inhibited in DHY group in comparison with the control group. 5. The platelet aggregation was inhibited in DHY group in comparison with the control group. 6. The prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time on the test of plasmacoagulation factor activity was prolonged but was not valuable in DHY group. 7. Fibrinogen lyses time of rat was reduced and lyses area was increased in DHY group incomparison with the control group. 8. Fibrinogen lyses time of rat in vitro assay was reduced in DHY group. From the above results, it was thought that the DoHongYeum could be applied effectively in the thrombosis.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.6 s.101
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• pp.433-438
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• 2006

A fibrinolytic enzyme gene (BCF-1) was subcloned to the pEB vector which is high expression vector in the Bacillus host. The enzyme was purified by using FPLC after ammonium sulfate precipitation. The enzyme was oral-administrated to the rat and checked the bleeding time, blood clotting time and fibrinolytic effect of the serum. In the bleeding time retardation test, it was longer about 1.7 fold in the feeding rat than without feeding. The serum of rat feeded with the enzyme had the fibrinolytic activity from 1 hour to 3 hours after oral-administration. After 3 hours from feeding, the fibrinolytic activity was decreased gradually. Also blood clotting time after bleeding was longer than that of control rat. The enzyme could be detected at band of 30,000 Da in the blood by western blotting. The enzyme was not harmful to the all internal organs of the rats. Taken together, the enzyme originated from B. subtilis BB-1 can be a candidate to develop the drug for thrombosis, arteriosclerosis and myocardial infarction.