• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.975-987
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this thesis is to conduct a thorough research on shoes of 2000s, understand the changes and analyze the differences and the characteristics of the shoe designs of the past and present in order to predict and indicate the future direction of the women shoe designs. The shoes of the millennium not only kept the old fashioned shapes but also showed futuristic shapes. With the increasing importance of shoes in fashion, shoes with various images were created. As far as the materials are concerned, natural materials and artificial materials were both used. The colors were vivid and the futuristic colors. On the other hand, pastel toned colors and romantic colors were used in many different designs and shapes regardlees of the seasons. Straps and hills differed from the oldies. Heavy decorations were added to strap shoes to form a whole new design and hills show geometrical platforms or the avantgarde like heights. Feminine images overwhelmed the shoe designs of the millennium. To elaborate, Pumps displayed feminine images the most for it showed a high frequency number regardless of the seasons. Shoes are presented in aesthetical perspective rather then functional or practical perspectives that are based on human nature. Cultural, social, environmental and some part religious factors had a great influence on the evolution on the shoes. Especially in the 2000s, future oriented concepts were implemented on shoe designs, resulting a wider range of expressiveness and in the end leading to a more creative shoe designing. Changes in shoe designs could be pointed out in many ways according to the shapes materials, colors, modeling of decorations or also with the diverting trends.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.57-72
• /
• 2022

This study categorized and analyzed the body types of adult women in their 20s and 30s using 3D human measurement data from the 8th Size Korea, and intended to construct body shape and dimension data necessary for modeling Korean standard avatars. Data analysis considered data from 1302 adult women in their 20s and 30s, and a total of 49 index values, drop values, and angle items were subjected to factor analysis and one-way ANOVA to categorize the body type, and Duncan test to post-verify significant differences by type. As a result of conducting factor analysis, 13 factors were extracted and were categorized into 4 body types. Type 1 is short in the upper torso, long in the lower torso, long in the arms and legs, and has a upright body shape and sagging shoulder. Type 2 is short in the torso, arms and legs, and has large torso flexion and lower body circumference. Type 3 has abdominal obesity with small torso flexion and lower body circumference. Type 4 is a small body bending forward type. For the distribution of body types by age among those in their 20s and 30s, the highest appearance rate was Type 1 and was therefore selected as the represntative body type. The body type information of this study will be used as basic data for developing standard avatars.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.147-161
• /
• 2023

This study used 3D anthropometric data from the 8th Size Korea to type and analyze whole body shapes of obese women in their 20s and 30s, and constructed dimensional data for human body items needed to create a 3D human body model for each type. The data analysis used data from 148 obese women in their 20s and 30s, and a total of 48 index values, drop values, and angle items were subjected to factor analysis and one-way variance analysis to categorize body types and verify significant differences by type. As a result of the factor analysis, 12 factors were extracted and divided into 4 body types. Type 1 is a 'standard type with a curved torso with balanced upper and lower body lengths', Type 2 is a 'bending forward type with a short, thick lower body, and an uncurved torso', Type 3 is a 'lean back type with a long and thin lower body and an H-shape torso', Type 4 is a 'sway back type with a long and thick lower body and abdominal obesity'. The representative body type of obese women in their 20s and 30s was identified as Type 1. The constructed body shape information will be used as basic data for future 3D human body modeling.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.28 no.12 s.138
• /
• pp.1596-1604
• /
• 2004

Quality Function Deployment(QFD) is a product development tool which ensures that the voice of the customer needs is heard and translated into products. To develop a sensible brassiere for middle-aged women QFD was adopted. In this study the applicability and usefulness of QFD was examined through the engineering design process for a sensible brassiere for middle-aged women. The customer needs for the wear comfort of brassiere was made by one-on-one survey of 100 women who aged 30-40. The customer competitive assessment was generated by wearing tests of 10 commercial brassieres. The subjective assessment was conducted in the enviornmental chamber that was controlled at $28{\pm}1^{\circ}C,\;65{\pm}3\%RH.$ As a results, we developed twenty-one customer needs and corresponding HOWs for the wear comfort of brassiere. The Customer Competitive Assessment was generated by wearing tests of commercial brassiere. The subjective measurement scale and dimension for the evaluation of sensible brassiere were extracted from factor analysis. Four factors were fitting, aesthetic property, pressure sensation, displacement of brassiere due to movement. The most critical design parameter was wire-related property and second one was stretchability of main material of brassiere. Also, wearing comfort of brassiere was affected by the interaction of initial stretchability of wing and support of strap. Engineering design process, QFD was applicable to the development of technical and aesthetic brassieres.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.523-534
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to categorize the dimensions of the visual evaluation of the costume details of the retro romantic fashion and to research on the costume details and the visual evaluation by evaluators' gender, age, and major, and on their preferences. Quantitative research were conducted for this study. Based on the pictures, 10 costume details were selected for the survey questions and data were collected. All 446 subjects who participated in this research were college students(males and females) residing in or near Seoul. Data were collected in September, 2008. The collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS which included: factor analysis, Cronbach's $\alpha$ reliability analysis, three-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range tests, and the t-test. The results of visual evaluation of retro romantic fashion are as follows: First, as a result of the factor analysis of the costume detail evaluation, five factors including attractiveness, decorativeness, cuteness, retro, and femininity surfaced. Second, the gender difference in the results of the research revealed that women rated decorative, cute, retro, and feminine characteristics higher than men did. Third, there were significant interactive effects in attractiveness and femininity depending on costume details and evaluators' gender. Fourth, subjects majoring in fashion valued attractiveness and femininity of the stimulus over non-fashion majoring subjects. Fifth, there were significant differences in the preferences of costume details depending on gender.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.749-758
• /
• 2017

The purpose of the present study is to develop a grading deviation, which is appropriate for the body type of women in thirties, by analyzing the three-dimensional body type. The materials for the study were adopted from the body measurement data of women in the age group of 30 to 39 years old, provided from Size Korea. By reflecting the factor analysis results using the three-dimensional shape measurement, deviations were derived. First, six factors influencing the changes in human body shape were derived as waist-hip length factor, bust-waist shape factor, back protrusion back shoulder factor, bust length factor, shoulder length factor, and frontal waist dart factor. The bust size and height, which can be easily utilized for the top original grading, were used for deriving a regression formula, and the deviation was set in accordance with the result. Second, by applying the deviation which reflects the changes in the body shape, the crimps which were generated due to the application of existing deviation were remarkably reduced, indicating that the grading of the present study is more fitting than the existing one. The deviation derived by the analysis of actual increase and decrease of body size was more fitting than the existing one. This was proved by actual wearing experiment, which represents the significance of this study.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.815-827
• /
• 2015

This study analyzes the characteristics by age and type for middle aged and elderly women foot shapes aged 40-69 years. ANOVA, factor, and cluster analyzed middle aged and elderly women's foot shapes. The results of the study are as follows. First, higher age groups tended to have smaller foot lengths, ball/instep circumferences, circumferences, and ball heights with larger heel height values and higher degrees of gathering of toe 1 and toe 5 toward the feet reference axis. Second, foot lengths were 220 mm-240 mm and the ball circumference's size symbol in high frequency sections were distributed from E to EEEE in the 40s and 60s groups and from D to EEEE in the 50s group. Third, eight factors were extracted through the factor analyses of middle aged and elderly women's foot measurement items. Fourth, a cluster analyses classified the subjects into four types. Type 1 is a normal foot type with medium foot length and small ball circumference and type 2 is a long and flat foot type with a type with large foot length and ball circumference values as well as small ball height values. Type 3 is a thick foot type with a medium foot length, large ball circumference, large ball height and type 4 is a toe deformation foot type with medium foot length, small ball circumference, and a high degree of toe gathering toward the center.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.854-861
• /
• 2015

This study evaluates the objective and subjective hand as well as the preference for hand and outdoor jackets on laminated waterproof breathable fabrics with different constituent characteristics to identify those best suited for consumer needs. Mechanical properties and objective hands were measured by the KES-FB system. The subjective hand and the preference of laminated waterproof breathable fabric for outdoor jackets were rated by the 20's and 30's women experts with tactile and visual senses that utilized a questionnaire with a seven-point semantic differential scale; subsequently, the flexibility and compressive elasticity of laminated waterproof breathable fabrics were low. However, light and thin waterproof breathable fabrics with a smooth surface had high scores in smoothness, fullness & softness and total hand value. In addition, laminated waterproof breathable fabrics were classified into three hand factors: flexibility, density, and surface properties. There were significant differences on flexibility and surface property perceptions, hand and out-door jackets preferences according to the characteristics of waterproof breathable fabrics. The hand preference of the laminated waterproof breathable fabric improved with decreasing 2HB and increasing EM. However, EM showed positive effect for outdoor jacket preferences. Those that were flexible and smooth were preferred for outdoor jackets.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2007

Marketing strategists believe that the best way to satisfy customers is through satisfied employees. In fashion retail businesses, salespersons play a pivotal role for the success of business, since fashion products have emotional properties and customers' emotion is largely affected by personal selling at the point of purchases. The present study aims to examine relationships among internal service quality, job satisfaction, and organizational performance in fashion retail businesses. Specifically, the study will test the validity of applying service quality concept to the internal service targeting the sales person of fashion retailers and identify dimensions of internal service quality. Data were collected from salespersons of women's wear and imported brand stores at four major department stores. 205 survey responses were used for the final analysis. The factor analysis extracted empathy/tangibility, assurance, responsiveness and reliability factors. The structural path analysis and effect analysis indicated that the importance of assurance and responsiveness of internal service quality had significant direct effects on job satisfaction and significant indirect effects on organizational performance. Reliability dimension of internal service quality had a significant direct effect on job satisfaction. The importance of empathy/tangibility dimension, however, was relatively weak in the model.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.91-106
• /
• 2004

This study focuses on the sportism expressed in the modern fashion. Many factors attribute to the advent of sportism such as rapid development and cultural changes toward sports, increase in leisure time, new fashion materials resulting from new technologies, youth culture and postmodernism. Designers gazing into the future are inspired by the details and functionality of clothing for snow boarding, skiing, rock-climbing and fitness. While the sportswear is the term whith stemmed from the need for functionally in sports, the Sportism is the style inspired by the formative elements, that is, the details, the silhouette, and the colors of the sportswear. New technologies for sports, the powerful influence of youthful culture, and the celebritizations of the sports stars made the sports look more popular. It can be categorized into three aesthetic values, i.e., the functional sportism, the street sportism, and the futuristic sportism. The functional sportism is expressed with the details of function, simplicity, and no useless ornament, the street sportism with fun, androgynous and unisex mode and the image of hip-hop look and traditional look, the futuristic sportism with new high tech fabrics and cyber style. The characters of these are a sence of unisex, sensualness, ostentation, renovation.