• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.647-650
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• 2006

The factors affecting clothing comfort are temperature, humidity, and air velocity of clothing microclimate which is the temperature and the humidity between the skin surface and the innermost garment, clothing pressure and clothing texture to the skin. This study was designed to estimate the distribution of clothing microclimate on the upper body. All the data of this study were collected from volunteered male subjects in the controlled climate chamber laboratory in which the temperature was $25\pm1^{\circ}C$, the relative humidity $50\pm5%$, and the air velocity 30cm/sec. All subjects should wear long-sleeved inner wear and pants woven in 100% cotton. Clothing microclimate temperature at 16 sites on the chest and 16 sites on the back was measured. The results were as follows: the distribution of the clothing microclimate temperature on the upper body was $30.6\sim34.7^{\circ}C$ on the breast and $31.5\sim35.4^{\circ}C$ on the back. While a mean temperature on the chest was 33.3$^{\circ}C$, it was 33.1$^{\circ}C$ on the back.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.34-43
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• 2009

This study compared the thermal comfort of indoor clothing from Tencel material that is getting higher in demand due to being eco-friendly with superior wettability, with that from Polyester material that despite being most widely used for indoor clothing, rapidly discharges body sweat due to low wettability. The experiments were performed in the two manners, objective evaluation under the conditions of an artificial climate chamber and subjective evaluation of wearing the given clothes at home followed by filling in the questionnaire. Subjects were 8 healthy elderly women in their 60's who spend majority of their time at home rather than in social activities, and comparison was made on skin temperature and humidity inside clothing at exercise and relaxation states under early summer environment. Based on these results, wearing Tencel material clothing maintained cooler temperatures under warm environment rather than when wearing Polyester material clothing, thus enabling activities under more comfortable state. Regarding humidity inside clothing, parts with twofold clothing did not show difference between Tencel and Polyester, but the onefold arm showed lower when wearing Tencel. With this results, Tencel is regarded as more comfortable and nicer than Polyester.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.271-276
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• 2001

In this study, We endeavored to revaluate the effects of different types of clothing and colors on clothing microclimate in the subjects wearing sports wear at sunlight environment. This study was conducted 4 different kinds (cotton 100%) of clothing ensembles, that was W-1(long trousers and shirt of white color), B-1 (long trousers and shirt of black color), W-s (short trousers and shirt white color), B-s (short trousers and shirt black color) and were done in a climate chamber under sunlight ambient temperature ($33.67{\pm}1.8^{\circ}C$, $46.0{\pm}8.5%RH$) by three males subject who are in good healthy. Start a 20-min rest period, 20-min bouts of exercise and final 20-min recovery period were performed. The kinetic load was given for 20 minutes under the condition of 6.0 km/hr walking speed on the treadmill. The results is as followed In case of same type of garment, temperature within clothing which is based on difference of color the white ensemble keeps higher temperature than black one. According to distribution chart of temperature within clothing in case of chest, white one shows higher temperature than black one, in case of back, black one shows higher temperature than white one. Difference of heart rate was so clear and sequence is W-1>B-1>W-s>B-s, so we could find same tendency with temperature within clothing.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.947-952
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze skin wettedness($w$) used as the rate index of thermal comfort, and to evaluate the wear comfort of outdoorwear. Skin wettedness is widely used to express the degree of thermal comfort. If skin wettedness exceeds a certain threshold, the body feels damp and discomfort. An experiment which consisted of rest(30 min), exercise(30 min) and recovery(20 min) periods was administered in a climate chamber with 10 healthy male participants. Two kinds of outdoorwears made of 100% cotton fabrics (Control) and specially engineered fabrics having feature of quick sweat absorbency and high speed drying fabric (Functional) were evaluated in the experiment. The condition of climate chamber was controlled according to the thermal insulation of 4 kinds of experimental ensembles(E1~E4). Total sweat loss, sweat loss absorbed into clothing and skin temperature were measured. Skin wettedness was calculated from the ratio of evaporative rate to the maximal evaporative capacity. Skin wettedness of 'Functional' was lower than 'Control' in the 3 kinds of ensembles(E1, E2, E4) because the materials of 'Functional' were composed of quick sweat absorbency and high speed drying fabrics, water vapour permeability and waterproof fabrics.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.90-100
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• 2017

In this research, consumer awareness investigation and wearing test were carried out for obtaining useful data on the development of thermo-sensitive functional clothing material. A survey involved 216 people in Seoul and Kyeonggi-do, and 200 questionnaires data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and frequency using SPSS 17.0. Four healthy men in twenties were participated for wearing test. Subjects in normal loungewear were exposed to temperature change from the initial temperature $30^{\circ}C$ down to $5^{\circ}C$ for an hour in a climate chamber. The environmental temperature, surface temperature of garment and skin were measured. As a result, most of respondents have all season clothing products such as underwear, hosiery, and jogging suit for loungewear. Also, thermo regulator y functional clothes are frequently used as underwear and sweat shirt. The consumer awareness investigation on thermo regulatory functional clothing showed that the most important key buying factor is quick climate temperature response, easy maintenance, design and cost, in that order. Surface temperature of garment went down with the cooling down of environmental temperature. The lower environmental temperature, the greater temperature difference by body part showed. Skin temperature change by environmental temperature showed similar tendency of garment surface temperature. In comparison between garment surface and body skin, temperature difference became larger under the lower environmental temperature.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.119-127
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate thermal properties of pesticide protective clothing made of three different nonwoven fabrics which have barrier properties of pesticide. In order to assay the thermal properties of experimental clothing, thermal resistance measurements for clo value and thermographic assessment were conducted using a surface temperature controlled thermal manikin. The thermal manikin was dressed with underwear and experimental clothing. Air temperature in a climate chamber was kept at $28^{\circ}C$ and its humidity was 70% RH. Air velocity was controlled at less than 0.15m/s. Inner radient temperature was almost equal to the air temperature. The basic thermal insulation value(Icl) of underwear was 0.28 clo. The thermal properties of the experimental clothing were varied according to the type of material used in construction. The basic clothing insulation value for C1(spunbonded nonwoven fabric), C2(spunlaced nonwoven fabric), C3(SMS nonwoven fabric) were 0.705 clo, 0.725 clo, 0.738 clo respectively. The C3 experimental clothing made of SMS resulted in higher surface temperatures than the others with more yellowing spots being evident on the thermogram.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.713-720
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• 2011

This study investigated the effect of cold acclimatization training on body composition including weight, fat mass, and muscle mass with 10 subjects (5 males and 5 females). During the 3-week acclimatization training program, they visited an artificial climate chamber ($15^{\circ}C$) 15 times and were exposed to cold environment with light clothing for 2 hours. Body composition was measured before and after cold training using bioelectric impedance analysis that was later compared by a paired t-test. In the process of thermoregulation, muscle contraction was accompanied by increased substrate metabolism for rising heat production. After cold training, the muscle mass increased and fat mass decreased significantly (p<.1, p<.05), subsequently the body composition changed. It was found that cold acclimatization training could be used as a treatment for obesity. It was suggested that further investigation on the long term effects of mild cold exposure using clothing and its potential applicability as an obesity treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.259-268
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• 2012

This study suggests quantitative guidelines for inside clothing temperatures to improve the heat tolerance of 20's females in summer. First, the inside clothing temperatures ($T_{cl}$) of each subject was measured in daily use. The subjects were asked to record subjective thermal sensations, clothing items worn, clothing weight, and activities during an experiment designed to determine the comfort zone of $T_{cl}$. In a thermally neutral state, the comfort zone of $T_{cl}$ was decided on a mean value $T_{cl}{\pm}1{\sigma}$. Second, the subjects were asked to wear clothing that would enable them to feel 'slightly warm but still comfortable'. The rest of the processes were the same as previous steps that were designed to understand the way and degree of clothing control. The comfort zone of $T_{cl}$ was decided in the same manner as the previous step. The two comfort zones were combined and named the combined comfort zone of the definitive comfort zone. The results were as follows: 1. Thermally comfortable $T_{cl}$, Hcl were $34.0{\pm}1.1^{\circ}C$, $40{\pm}9%%RH$ and the thermally comfortable ambient climate was $25.0{\pm}1.6^{\circ}C$, $53{\pm}7%$RH. 2. When subjects were asked to wear 'slightly warm but still comfortable', there were difference in thermally comfortable $T_{cl}$, clothing weight and clothing layer by subject. 3. In this study, the optimal $T_{cl}$ was decided on the mid-point of the definitive comfort zone of $T_{cl}$.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.951-961
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• 2016

To prevent increasing instances of heat-related illnesses due to heat waves generated by climate change, a customized thermal environment index should be developed for outdoor workers. In this study, we conducted sensitivity analysis of the Masan harbor during a heat wave period (August 9th to 15th, 2013) using the MENEX model with metabolic rate and clothing-insulation data, in order to obtain realistic information about the thermal environment. This study shows that accurate input data are essential to gather information for thermophysiological indices (PST, DhR, and OhR). PST is sensitive to clothing insulation as a function of clothing. OhR is more sensitive to clothing insulation during the day and to the metabolic rate at night. From these results, it appears that when exposed to high-temperature thermal environments in summer, wearing highly insulated clothing and getting enough rest (to lower the metabolic rate) can aid in preventing heat-related illnesses. Moreover, in the case of high-intensity harbor work, quantification of allowed working time (OhR) during heat waves is significant for human health sciences.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.30-40
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• 2000

The purpose of this research was to device thermal comfort model for radiation power plant workers in protective clothing. Three fabrics commonly used in protective workwear were made into coveralls of identical design and were evaluated by adult healthy males in four simulated work environment. It was investigated between the physiological response and subjects comfort according to environmental variance and clothing types. The of simulated work enviro mensent was controlled under four different humidity and temperature of each type. (Temperature 20±1℃, RH 40∼70%±5%, Temperature 30±1℃, RH 40∼70%±5%) An index of physiological response was connected with the thermal comfort designed. Mean skin temperature, skim temperature, Axillasy temperature ear canal temperature, clothing climate, total sweat, blood pressure, and R-R interval were be evaluated. Skin temperature difference ocurring during exercise and rest were significant only with respect to time and regions of the body, This despite physical differences in the three coveralls, particulary mass statistically experiment. Also, an index of subject wearing sensation was designed for thermal comfort after investigation determined the kind of clothes and the type of environment. As a result of this research, two types of multiple regressions was deviced to estimate thermal comfort of the protective clothing.