• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1297-1305
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• 2012

Clonal plants combine sexual and clonal reproduction, which contribute differently to plant fitness. Reproductive analyses have highlighted the importance of clonal growth in shaping the spatial genetic structure in Potentilla conferta Bunge, a herbaceous rhizomatic clonal distributed in hot sand dunes. We investigated the reproduction system of P. conferta at two populations in Mongol and three natural populations in Uzbekistan. The measurements of 19 quantitative or qualitative morphological characters were taken on each of total individuals directly from their natural habitats. Some morphological characteristics between Mongolia and Uzbekistan populations showed a slight heterogeneity of variance. Especially, the length of internodes (LFI and LSI) and characteristics of root (LLR and NOR) were shown a significant difference between two countries (P<0.05). P. conferta of Uzbekistan has most ramets at short distance intervals 30~100 cm. In light conditions, P. conferta of Uzbekistan was significantly less resilience than P. conferta of Mogol. In drought conditions, although there was not shown significant difference, P. conferta in Uzbekistan was less resilience than that in Mogol. The core analysis indicates that P. conferta in Uzbekistan is the more resistant than that of Mongol and seems to do by sexual reproduction strategy during several strong environmental disadvantages such as drought events.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 1978

This study aimed to know difference in freezing resistance among different clonal seedlings or different seed source seedlings of Cryptomeria japonica which has been selected where extreme cold prevails in Korea and Japan. The freezing resistance of three 12-50 year old trees was also measured in the experiment. The freezing resistance was measured in different tissue parts: mainly leaf, cambiam and xylem, at three different collection dates in two different collection places during the winter of 1977-1978. The following results and discussions were made: 1. The clonal difference in freezing resistance of Cryptomeria japonica was $9^{\circ}$ to $15^{\circ}C$ in maximum according to the collection place. However, the clonal difference in freezing resistance was not related to the difference in climatic conditions where the parent tree have been growing. This impiled that the natural selection of cold resistant genes in Cryptomeria japonica has not reached its evolutional equilibrium yet since most of the Cryptomeria forest has been established by artificial regeneration. 2. The difference in freezing resistance among leaf, cambium and xylem was not apparent except that leaf of several clones showed higher freezing resistance than cambium or xylem when they collected at mid-winter. The least freezing resistant tissue part, thought its freezing resistance was not measure in all clones and all temperatures were appeared in the apical buds. The new shoot growth was observed in the next spring with being replaced by its dormant or adventitious bud growth when the apical bud was injured dy cold during winter. 3. The freezing resistance of leaf, cambium and xylem was shown high enough so that freezing resistance Cryptomeria clones in this experiment were supposed to be able to survive in cold winter conditions at the middle part of Korea. However, it was reported that the most susceptible tissue part to winter injury was the basal stem, but of which freezing resistance was not-measured in this experiment. Several silvicultural methods for prevention of Cryptomeria seedlings from cold damage were discussed in literature.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.9 s.89
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• pp.1217-1223
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• 2007

I investigated the reproduction system of nine natural populations of P. discolor in Korea and two Mongolian P. conferta populations. The measurements of 19 quantitative or qualitative morphological characters were taken on each of total individuals directly from their natural habitats. Multivariate principal component analyses (PCA) were conducted to detect differences among populations consid-ering several characters simultaneously of variances using the statistical analysis system. 19 morpho-logical characteristics between Korean Potentilla species and Mongolian Potentilla species showed a slight heterogeneity of variance. The length of internodes (LFL and LSI) and characteristics of root (LLR and NOR) were shown a significant difference between two species (P<0.05). The number of ra-mets in P. conferta decreased with increasing geographic distance from viviparity. However, P. discolor has most ramets at distance intervals $60{\sim}80$ cm. In light conditions, P. discolor was significantly less resilience than P. conferta. In drought conditions, although there was not shown significant difference, P. conferta was less resilience than P. discolor. The core analysis indicates that P. conferta is the more resistant species than P. discolor and usually propagates by clonal growth during several strong envi-ronmental disadvantages such as drought events.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.13
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• pp.5159-5162
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• 2015

Background: Chronic myeloproliferative diseases are clonal stem cell diseases which occur as a result of uncontrollable growth and reproduction of hematopoietic stem cells, which are the myeloid series source in bone marrow. Recent studies have suggested that chronic inflammation can be a triggering factor in the clonal change in chronic myeloproliferative neoplasia (CMPN). In our study, we evaluated the existence of a chronic inflammation process in our Philadelphia negative (Ph-)CMPN patients using inflammation parameters in combination with demographic, laboratory and clinical characteristics of the patients. Materials and Methods: Demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratorial data, and thrombosis histories of 99 Ph-CMPN patients, who were diagnosed at our outpatient clinic of hematology in accordance with WHO 2008 criteria, were analyzed retrospectively,with 80 healthy individuals of matching gender and age included as controls. Complete blood counts, sedimentation, C reactive protein (CRP), JAK V617F gene mutations, abdomen ultrasound images and previous thrombosis histories of these patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Ph-CMPN and healthy control groups included 99 and 80 cases, respectively. PV, ET and MF diagnoses of patients were 43 (%43.4), 44 (44.4%) and 12 (12.1%), respectively. JAK V617F gene mutation was found to be positive in 64 (71.1%) of all cases and in 27(65.8%), 32 (82%), 5 (50%) of the cases in PV, ET and PMF groups, respectively. Thrombosis was determined as 12 (12%) in the entire group, 12.5% in the JAK V617F negative and 15.3% in the positive patients, with no statistical significance (p=0.758). No significant difference was observed between patients with and without previous thrombosis history in respect to hemogram parameters, sedimentation and CRP (p>0.05), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), erythrocyte distribution width (RDW), mean platelet volume (MPV) and sedimentation levels of the patient.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.2
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• pp.128-134
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• 1997

An effective in vitro multiplication method was developed for clones of Populus davidiana Dode. Ten different media were tested for their effect on shoot multiplication. Both MS and LP medium with 0.2mg/l BAP appeared to be the best for the shoot multiplication with the rate of 9 shoots per explant. There were significant differences among the clones in both multiplication rate and shoot growth. While some clones did not require BAP to promote shoot formation, others did. More than 60% of in vitro shoots rooted on the half-strength GD medium containing 0.2mg/l IBA.

• BMB Reports
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.417-422
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• 1996

In clonal sublines with different metastatic ability derived from Dunning rat prostate tumor, phosphoamino acid levels of cellular proteins were determined. Cell lines with high metastatic ability exhibited 5-fold higher phosphotyrosine level than did cell lines with low metastatic ability, while the contents of phosphoserine and phosphothreonine were similar among cell lines examined, All cell lines showed similar activities of protein tyrosine kinases as well as overall protein kinases. Phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase (PTPP) activities of the cells with high metastatic ability were very low, compared to those of the cells with low metastatic ability, suggesting that the different phosphotyrosine levels among the cell lines were due to the difference in PTPP activities rather than protein tyrosine kinase activities. Cellular activities of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAcP), which has been reported to possess phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase activity, were shown to be inversely related to the phosphotyrosine levels and metastatic abilities of the prostate tumor cells, These results suggest that cellular PAcP activity, regulating phosphotyrosine levels of cellular proteins, is closely connected with the metastatic process in prostate tumor cells and can be utilized as a good biochemical marker for the diagnosis of metastasis of prostate tumor.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 1999

This study was carried out to develop new cultivars of Z. serrata showing red fall leaf as street trees. Z. serrata which had red fall leaves were selected and then examined for contents of leaf anthocyanin and chlorophyll. In addition, for the progeny test, selected trees were grafted. Of 21 trees having red autumn leaves, three individuals, 'S-6', 'S-20', and 'I-24' were finally selected. They contained higher level of anthocyanin in the leaves. Once developed, the red color remained till late autumn. Grafted plants of the selected strains showed high grafting efficiency and red foliage color in autumn. The soil pH of the survey sites ranged from 5.9 to 7.24. However, other soil characteristics did not show much difference among the sites with regard to inorganic nutrients including N(%), $P_2O_5$, CEC(mg/meq), $K^+$, $Ca^{3+}$, and $Mg^{2+}$, 'S-6', 'S-20', and 'I-24', clonal lines with red fall leaf were selected as new cultivars and propagates by grafting.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1547-1551
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• 2016

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal hematopoietic disorder resulting from genetic alterations in normal hematopoietic stem cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate prognostic factors and survival of AML patients in the Northeast of Iran. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study covered 96 patients with AML referred to Emam Reza Hospital, Mashhad city, Iran, from 2009 to 2015. Age, sex, blood group, type of AML, fever, consumption of amphotericin B, cytogenetic forms and survival were analyzed. Also, WBC, hemoglobin and platelet levels were checked. Mean follow-up was 30.5 months (60.4% mortality). Survival was plotted by GraphPad Prism 5 with Log-rank test. Results: The mean age for all AML patients at diagnosis was 40.4 years (range, 17-77 years). Some 42.7% patients were aged <35 years and 40.6% were male. In all patients, 76% had fever and 50% consumed amphotericin. T(15;17)(q22;q21) had the most prevalence (37.7%) compared to other forms. Out of 92 patients, O+(30.4%) was the most common blood group and AML-M5 (28.3%) the most common subtype. There was a significant difference in survival based on WBC and consumption of amphotericin B (P<0.05). Conclusions: WBC level, fever and consumption of amphotericin B proved to be factors for survival of AML patients. The mean age for patients in Iran is lower than other areas in the World and also survival in this study was higher than in other studies.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.329-334
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• 1997

Adventitious organs (shoots and roots) from mature leaves of Populus deltoides (Eastern cottonwood) clones were induced on WPM (Woody Plant Medium) containing fructose as a carborn source and different combinations of either BA (Benzyl aminopurin) or TDZ (Thidiazuron) with NAA (Naphthaleneacetic acid). The morphologies of adventitious shoots were different depending on the kinds of growth regulators and the length of shoots induced on the medium containing BA were generally longer than that of TDZ. BA 0.5 mg/L and TDZ 0.01 mg/L combined with either 0.05 or 0.1 mg/L NAA showed the highest values in the frequency of regeneration (63% to 100%) the number of shoots per explant and in the organogenic sites per explant among tested three clones (A, B and C). Although there was a minor clonal difference in the development of adventitious shoots from leaf segments, their responses to growth regulators were very similar.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.246-255
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• 2017

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the resource allocation among the organs and the leaf morphology of Polygonatum humile. The data were collected from June 2014 to May 2015 in a natural P. humile stand of a temperate forest gap. Results: The dry weight of new rhizome ($R_0$) sharply decreased to the time of new shoot sprouting in next year and was constant for 2 ~ 3 years. However, dry weight of root on $R_0$ increased to the end of growth season and, thereafter, decreased slowly along the time elapsed. The correlation coefficients between the rhizome and the leaf sizes were 0.5 for the last year's rhizome ($R_1$) and 0.6 for $R_0$ and were significant at 0.1% level for $R_0$. The increase of one leaf a plant led to increase of the total leaf area, total leaf weight, and stem length. Moreover, the organ sizes' differences between two plants of the one leaf difference were almost significant at 1% level. In 11-leaf plant, the leaf length/width ratio and specific lea area increased to the second, relative leaf area to the fourth and relative leaf dry weight to the fifth, and thereafter, decreased to the last leaf. The differences in the values of these four parameters between two leaves on a stem were almost significant at 5% level. Conclusion: P. humile examined showed the close relationships between the last year's rhizome or this year's one and the shoot system (leaf and stem) sizes. The leaf number a shoot greatly influenced specific leaf area. P. humile's leaf might showed diverse morphology with leaf rank on a stem in a forest gap environment.