• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2003

Families of children with cancer face many illness-related demands. The perceived social support is a critical resource for the family adaptation process. And the patterns of family adaptation to childhood cancer varies as characteristics of disease, which is prognosis, the influence of cognition function, and treatment process. The conceptual definition of social support is not unidimensional. However, most studies focus on general aspect of mediating effects on adaptation. Diverse dimensions of perceived social support should be considered in its effectiveness for intervention. Therefore, this study was undertaken to determine whether family's perceived social support influences the family adaptation of family with pediatric cancer and what dimension influences mostly in family adaptation as the characteristics of disease in the family of children with cancer. The subject was consisted of 102 families with pediatric cancer who had been diagnosed as leukemia or brain tumor last 2 years. Those families had participated in the education program or meetings for family who have with pediatric cancer children. The measurement for this study were Personal Resource Questionnaire (PRQ) Part-Ⅱ developed by Brandt and Weinert to measure parents' perceived social support, and the McCubbin's Coping Health Inventory for Parents (CHIP) to measure family coping. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; Regression analysis showed that perceived social support has effect on family adaptation with β=.43, p<.01. In the group of family of child with leukemia, social support as general has effect on adaptation (β=.40, p<.01) and specially, social support perceived as intimacy was strongly effect on family adaptation. And In the group of brain tumor, Social support has effect on adaptation(β=.46, p<.01) and among the social support domains, the self esteem dimension was most predictable to family adaptation. In conclusion, the perceived social support is a predictor on family adaptation and useful vehicle to help family who has child with pediatric cancer. An important clinical implication is that specified support program for intervention may be useful and critical for the family who has diverse pediatric conditions of childhood cancer. Further studies should stress the effects of family support for clinical intervention and is needed with diverse stage of development and pediatric conditions.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.453-465
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• 2000

본 연구의 목적은 재생된 니켈-티타늄 호전의 인장물성, 표면거칠기와 마찰력의 변화를 조사하여, 임상적으로 니켈티타늄 호선을 재생하여 사용하는 것이 타당한지를 알아보는 것이다. 수종의 니켈-티타늄 호선과 스테인레스 스틸호선을 처리전(T0: 대조군)과 인공타액에 4주간 처리한 군(T1), 그리고 인공타액 처리후 가압증기 멸균소독한 군(T2)으로 구분하여 인장실험과 주사전자현미경, 3D profilogram을 통한 표면거칠기의 변화와 마찰계수의 변화를 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 인장실험을 하여 최대인장강도, 연신율, 탄성계수를 관찰한 결과 모든 니켈-티타늄 호선에서 재생과정 후에 대조군과 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p<0.05). 단 스테인레스 스틸 호선은 재생과정 후에 최대인장강도, 연신율, 탄성계수에서 통계적으로 유의한 변화를 보였다(p<0.05). 2. 주사전자현미경을 통한 관찰에서 재생후에 Sentalloy를 제외한 호선에서 표면의 점부식(pitting)과 압흔(indentation)이 증가하였다. 3. 3D profilogram을 사용하여 관찰한 표면거칠기(Ra와 Rq)의 변화를 살펴보면, 재생과정 후에 Sentalloy를 제외한 NiTi, Optimalloy, 스테인레스 스틸 호선에서 통계적으로 유의하게 표면거칠기가 증가하였다(p<0.05). 4. 재생과정 후에 시행한 마찰력 실험에서는 최대운동마찰계수가 Sentalloy를 제외한 NiTi, Optimalloy, 스테인레스 스틸호선에서 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). NiTi, Optimalloy의 표면거칠기와 마찰계수의 변화는 임상적으로 영향을 미칠 정도는 아니며, 결과적으로 니켈-티타늄 호선을 재생하면, 인장실험시의 물성과 표면거칠기, 마찰계수의 변화가 임상적으로 문제가 없을 것으로 생각된다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.245-252
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• 2010

Korea does not have a certain criteria on the respiratory ability and phonation of the normal aged, and also has no clear standard to examine the boundaries of geriatric diseases. This study analyzed the characteristics in respiration and phonation of the aged in normal healthy elderly from diverse angles with different variables. Thirty-three participants in total, seven males and eight females in the age group 55-64 participated in the study. Seven males and eleven females in the age group 65-74 were selected for the respiration and phonation experiments, and 10 different variables such as FVC, $FEV_1$, $FEV_1$/FVC, MPT, MFR, Psub, f0, jitter, shimmer and NHR were comparatively analyzed for each group of different age and gender. To see the difference in respiration and phonation by age and gender, the study conducted a two-way ANOVA. First, from the result of the analysis on respiratory ability, FVC of male appeared to be significantly greater than female. In both age groups of 55-64 and 65-74, male displayed greater FVC than female did. Second, as for $FEV_1$, $FEV_1$/FVC, the age group of 55-64 showed greater values than the values measured in the age group of 65-74. Third, MFR showed a significant difference by gender. In both age groups, male showed significantly higher MFR than female. Fourth, for different gender, a significant difference in MFR was observed. In both age groups of 55-64 and 65-74, male exhibited higher MFR than female. This study has a clinical implication in that it analyzed the criteria on respiration and phonation in normal healthy elderly according to gender and age. The normal aged showed a difference in their respiratory and phonatory functions by age and gender, it was closely related to the decline of pulmonary function due to the physical aging and the weak respiration coming from weakness of respiratory muscles. Also, the physical differences in height, weight, and the muscles in laryngeal and respiratory system between males and females had an influence on the performance. These results from this study might be a helpful guideline for the clinical criterion in the future.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2002

Hepatitis B viral infection which affect about 10% of Korean population manifests asymptomatic carrier, chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis and even associates with hepatocellular carcinoma. Clinical manifestations induced by hepatitis B virus vary depending on the degree of immune response by cytotoxic T cells against viral epitope-presenting liver cells. Since hepatitis B virus presents high rate of mutaton that might change the presented epitope and eventually alter immune response, viral mutations, especially in promoters and enhancers, have an important implication in hepatic inflammation and viral replication. To identify mutations related to the hepatic inflammation, we investigated sequence variations of hepatitis B viral promotor regions in the presence or absence of symptoms in hepatitis B carriers. For this, sera from persistently hepatitis B virus-infected mother-child pairs were collected. After PCR amplifiation of all hepatitis B viral promoters (C promoter, S1 promoter, S2/S promoter, X promoter) using serum DNA from each pair, viral promotors were sequenced by automatic sequencer and then sequence data were analyzed by ClustalW. In most cases, the dominant type of maternal virus was transmitted to the child. However, in some children, some new host specific viral variants could be observed in Cp, S1p and S2/Sp. The mutations in C promoter did not seem to be vertically transmitted but arose in new host independently after the wild type had been transmitted. Enhancer I containing X promoter revealed high host specific variations as has been reported before. Two S promoters, S1p and S2/Sp, have shown some point mutations in children, but no deletion mutations were detected as in chronic hepatitis patients in whom deletion mutations are frequently found. In conclusion, the children with the vertically transmitted hepatitis B virus mostly retain the dominant type virus that had been transmitted. However, host specific variants tended to accumulate over time, possibly as clinical symptoms develop.

• 대한간호
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.45-58
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• 1994

This study was conducted for the purpose of identifying the trends of nursing research and to suggest the direction of future research in the graduate levels of the study. The data was collected from 469 abstracts of master's and doctoral rapers from three graduate schools, one in Nursing, another in Education, and the other in Public Health Graduate College. The results of the study are as follows: The number of research was increased from 102 to 286 between the 1970 s and 1980's. The most frequently employed research design was descriptive studies in the master's level, but there was some balance between descriptive and experimental studies along with some qualitative approaches in the doctoral thesis. Patients were the most often studied sample group reaching 42% of the cases, though it Was noted that there was steady shift: toward the non-ratient population. With this shifting of the study sample, the places of the study also have showed some changes moving toward community. The most widely studied area was in clinical practice. Chronic illness, preventive, and health promoting areas of studies also increased in numbers. However, most of them were at the descriptive level of phenomena and only a few were concerned with cost/effective measures of nursing intervention. The number of variables studied repeatedly more than five times was 43. They were not only physical but also psychosocial aspects which imply the efforts to incorporate the whole person in nursing discipline. However, most researches with repeated studies showed little relation to previous studies, and thus little accumulation in knowledge. There was also little evidence of linkage to nursing theory in most studies of master's level. For the doctoral rapers, 17 out of 51 rapers showed specific theories related to the researches. Based on the above findings, the following suggestions were made. Various research design should be employed including case studies, historical studies, as well as qualitative approaches. There should be more effort to establish linkage between theory and research. The areas needing more attention are Korean Nursing History, Ethics in our Culture, Cost/Effective Measures of Nursing Intervention, Concept and Thory Development, and the Strategies for the Implication of the Research Results in clinical practice.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2022

Background: The present study evaluated the clinical implications of adjuvant chemotherapy according to the mismatch repair (MMR) status and clinicopathologic features of patients with intermediate- and high-risk stage II colon cancer (CC). Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed 5,774 patients who were diagnosed with CC and underwent curative surgical resection at Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital. The patients were enrolled according to the following criteria: (1) pathologically diagnosed with primary CC; (2) stage II CC classified based on the 7th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system; (3) intermediate- and high-risk features; and (4) available test results for MMR status. A total of 286 patients met these criteria and were included in the study. Results: Among the 286 patients, 54 (18.9%) were identified as microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or deficient MMR (dMMR). Although all the patients identified as MSI-H/dMMR showed better survival outcomes, T4 tumors and adjuvant chemotherapy were identified as independent prognostic factors for survival. For the intermediate-risk patients identified as MSI-low (MSI-L)/microsatellite stable (MSS) or proficient MMR (pMMR), adjuvant chemotherapy exhibited a significantly better disease-free survival (DFS) but had no impact on overall survival (OS). Oxaliplatin-containing regimens showed no association with DFS or OS. Adjuvant chemotherapy was not associated with DFS in intermediate-risk patients identified as MSI-H/dMMR. Conclusion: The current study found that the use of adjuvant chemotherapy was correlated with better DFS in MSI-L/MSS or pMMR intermediate-risk stage II CC patients.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.1077-1086
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• 2020

Objective: To evaluate the effect of perfluorobutane microbubbles (Sonazoid^®, GE Healthcare) on steam popping during radiofrequency (RF) ablation for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to assess whether popping affects treatment outcomes. Materials and Methods: The institutional review board approved this retrospective study, which included 90 consecutive patients with single HCC, who received percutaneous RF ablation as the first-line treatment. The patients were divided into two groups, based on the presence or absence of the popping phenomenon, which was defined as an audible sound with a simultaneous sudden explosion within the ablation zone as detected via ultrasonography during the procedure. The factors contributing to the popping phenomenon were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Local tumor progression (LTP) and disease-free survival (DFS) were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test for performing comparisons between the two groups. Results: The overall incidence of the popping phenomenon was 25.8% (24/93). Sonazoid^® was used in 1 patient (4.2%) in the popping group (n = 24), while it was used in 15 patients (21.7%) in the non-popping group (n = 69). Multivariable analysis revealed that the use of Sonazoid^® was the only significant factor for absence of the popping phenomenon (odds ratio = 0.10, p = 0.048). There were no significant differences in cumulative LTP and DFS between the two groups (p = 0.479 and p = 0.424, respectively). Conclusion: The use of Sonazoid^® has a suppressive effect on the popping phenomenon during RF ablation in patients with HCC. However, the presence of the popping phenomenon may not affect clinical outcomes.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.183-192
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• 2005

목 적 : 소아 HSPN의 임상 경과와 이에 영향을 미치는 예후 인자를 조사하였다. 방 법 : 소아 HSPN 환자 75명(남아 44명, 여아 31명)을 대상으로 하였으며 발병연령은 $8.0{\pm}3.1$세(2.3-l5.3세)였고 추적관찰 기간은 $4.3{\pm}3.6$년(1.0-17.1년)이었다. 신생검은 24명(32$\%$)에서 시행되었다. 발병시 임상 양상과 검사 결과를 조사하였으며, 대상 환자들의 RAS 유전자의 다형성(ACE 유전자의 I/D 다형성, AGT 유전자의 M235T 다형성, AGTR 유전자의 A1166C 다형성)에 대해 검사하였다. 발병시와 마지막 추적관찰시 임상 상태는 다음과 같이 4군으로 분류하였다: A, 정상; B, 정도의 소변이상; C, 활동성 신질환(신증후군 범위의 단백뇨) 또는 고혈압 소견을 보이면서 혈청 크레아티닌 1.5 mg/dL 이하; D, 신부전. 결 과 : 발병시 환자들의 임상 상태는 26명(35$\%$)이 B, 45명(51$\%$)이 C였고 D가 3명(4$\%$)이었다. RAS 유전자 다형성의 분포는 100명의 건강한 대조군과 다르지 않았다. 마지막 추적관찰시 환자들의 임상 상태는 A가 23명(31$\%$), B가 38명(50$\%$), C가 9명(12$\%$), D가 5명(7$\%$)이었다. Multiple logistic regression 결과 발병 연령과 발병시 단백뇨의 양이 유의한 예후 인자로 확인되었다. RAS 유전자는 HSPN의 예후 인자로 통계학적 유의성이 없었다. 결 론 : 본 연구에서는 발병 연령이 높을수록, 발병시 단백뇨의 양이 많을수록 소아 HSPN의 예후가 나쁜 것으로 나타났고 RAS 유전자는 HSPN의 예후와 상관 관계가 없었다. 더 정확한 연구를 위해서는 더 많은 수의 환자를 대상으로 전향적인 연구가 필요하리라 생각한다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 1999

Objectives: To study the clinical features of the primary nasal/nasopharyngeal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and to evaluate the implication of immunophenotyping as a prognostic factor. Patients and Methods: From January 1990 to December 1997,41 patients(median age, 41 years) of primary nasal/nasopharyngeal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were studied. The clinical records and paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were reviewed retrospectively. The histologic features, immunophenotypic findings(pan-T, pan-B, CD3, CD56) and Epstein-Barr virus in situ hybridizatios were examined. The prognostic factors for clinical outcome were evaluated in these patients. According to Ann-Arbor system, there were 30 patiets(73%) with stage IE, 4(10%) with stage IIE, 3(7%) with stage IIIE, 4(10%) with stage IVE lymphoma. Among the patients with stage IE/IIE, 4 patients received local radiation alone, 4 received chemotherapy alone, 25 received combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy and 1 refused treatment. The patients with stage IIIE/IVE were given combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Results: Immunophenotyping were performed in 40 patients and staining results were as follows: 3(7%) patients with B cell, 17(42%) with T cell, 18(44%) with NK/T cell(CD56 positive), and two patients with unclassifiable result. Epstein-Barr(EB) virus in situ hybridization were performed in 28 patients and 23(82%) patients had positive EBV-encoded RNAs(EBERs). 21(55%) patients achieved a complete remission. There was no difference in complete remission between radiation alone and combination therapy. With median follow-up of 30 months, 5-years disease free survival of complete responders was 60% and 5-years overall survival rate was 36%. Multivariate analysis showed that better overall survival was related with absence of B symptoms, ECOG performance${\leq}1$ and non-NK cells. Conclusion: Most of all cases were positive for EBER. Since NK/T phenotype carried the worst prognosis, analysis for CD56 expression should be done. Further prospective studies were warranted to evaluate the role of chemotherapy in stage IE/IIE.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.317-322
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• 2009

목적: 담관암의 진단과 치료 평가를 위해서 여러 영상학적 방법이 이용되나 성장 형태를 포함한 질환의 성상이 아주 다양하고 종양과 주변 조직간의 대조도가 낮은 경우 발견이 어렵고 주로 종양 부분에 대한 국소 영상을 시행하여 질병의 전신 평가에는 충분하지 못할 수 있다. 이러한 점을 보완하기 위하여 $^{18}$F-FDG PET에 대한 연구가 이루어 지고 있는데, 본 연구에서는 담관암의 발생위치와 성장형태에 따라 $^{18}$F-FDG 섭취양상의 변화와 그에 따른 임상적 의의를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2005년 4월부터 2008년 5월까지 담관암으로 진단 받고 PET/CT를 촬영한 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 위치에 따른 담관암의 분류는 간내담관암과 간외담관암으로 나누고 간외담관암은 간문부암과 원위부 담도 암으로 나누었다. 간외담관암은 다시 그 성장형태에 따라 경화형, 결절형, 용종형으로 분류하여 PET양성인 환자들 중 SUV$_{max}$를 비교하였다. 결과: 총 82명의 담도암 환자들 중PET양성을 보인 환자는 81.7%이었다. PET 양성을 보인 간내담관암 환자는 23명으로 이들의 SUV$_{max}$는 9.4$\pm$4.1로 간외담관암보다 의미있게 높았다. 용종형의 간외담관암은 9명중 모두가 PET 양성이었고, SUV$_{max}$도 10.1$\pm$7.0으로 경화형, 결절형에 비해 높았다. 결론: 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로$^{18}$F-FDG PET은 간외담관암보다는 간내담관암을 가진 환자의 진단에 더 유용할 것으로 보이며, 간외담관암의 진단에 있어서는 담도벽을 따라 침윤성으로 발생하는 경화형보다는 종괴를 형성하는 용종형에서 더 의미있는 검사방법이 될 수 있겠다.