• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.153-157
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• 2012

PURPOSE. The study was conducted to compare the radiographic and clinical methods of measuring the horizontal condylar guidance (HCG) values. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The condylar guidance was measured using the radiographic (CT scan) and three clinical methods i.e. the wax protrusive records, Lucia jig record and intraoral central bearing device in 12 patients aged between 20-40 years irrespective of sex. The records were taken and transferred on the semi-adjustable articulator to record the HCG values. The CT scan was taken for 3D reconstruction of the mid facial region. Frankfort horizontal plane (FHP) and a line extending from the superior anterior most point on the glenoid fossa to the most convex point on the apex of articular eminence (AE) was marked on the CT scan. An angle between these two lines was measured on both right and left sides to obtain condylar inclination angle. Three interocclusal protrusive wax and jig records were taken and transferred to the semi adjustable articulator. Three readings were recorded on each side. Similarly the records were taken and transferred to the same articulator using the intra oral central bearing device to record the readings. RESULTS. The statistical analysis showed insignificant differences in the HCG values between the right and left sides [(P=.589 (CT), P=.928 (wax), P=.625 (jig), P=.886 (tracer)]. The clinical methods provided low Pearsons correlation values [(R = 0.423 (wax), R = 0.354 (jig), R = 0.265 (tracer)] for the right as well as the left sides when compared with the CT values. Among the clinical methods, jig and wax method showed strong level of association which is statistically significant while the intra-oral tracer showed weak association with the other two methods. CONCLUSION. The right and left HCG values were almost similar. The CT scan showed higher HCG values than the clinical methods and among the clinical methods, values obtained from all the methods were comparable.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.54-63
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that influence stress experienced by nursing students and to provide a perceived causal structure model among these variables. The ultimate goal of this study is to develop efficient guidance to clinical nursing education in this population. This study intends to apply perceived causal structure: network analysis method which was developed by Kelly(1983), and has been applied in nursing research. This method is selected to show dynamic relationship of stressor using network method. Data was collected from convenient sample of 186 junior college nursing students who had the clinical practice experience during 10 weeks. Data collection and analysis was conducted in 2 steps from December, 9, 2002 to February, 8, 2003. Step 1.: Data was collected using literature review(10 articles) to identify the causes of stress. Nine causes of stress were extracted. Step 2.: As perceived casual structure network study, data was collected using questionnaires which included 9 extracted cause and stress. The questionnaire contained a 10 X 10 grid table with 10 causes and effects printed. In network analysis, 'Yes' was scored as 1, 'No' was scored as 0, and the mean(maximum 1, minimum 0) was calculated. Construction of the network under inductive eliminative analysis which stopped the construction of the network when the consensual agreement level dropped near 50% was proceeded by adding causes in order of the mean rating level. In this study, construction of the final network was stopped by consensual agreement level of 52% of the total subjects. The results are summarized as follows : Step 1: Investigation of the causes of stress ; The extracted causes of stress from quality data was identified 9 categories ; negative nurse, lack of clinical practice opportunity, ambiguous role, negative patient, lack of nursing knowledge and skill, difficult of personal relations, inefficient clinical practice guidance, gap of theory and practice, lack of support. Step 2 : Construction of the perceived causal structure model ; 1) The most central cause of stress is ambiguous role in the systems of causation. 2) The distal cause of stress is inefficient clinical practice guidance 3) The causes that have a number of outgoing link are negative nurse, ambiguous role. 4) The causes that have a number of incoming link are ambiguous role, gap of theory- practice, lack of clinical practice opportunity, lack of nursing knowledge- skill. 5) There is a mutual relationship between stress and difficult of personal relations, stress and ambiguous role, ambiguous role and negative nurse, ambiguous role and lack of clinical practice opportunity, ambiguous role and lack of nursing knowledge-skill, lack of nursing knowledge-skill and gap of theory- practice. In conclusion, the network suggests that the first centre cause is related on ambiguous role and the second on negative nurse, inefficient clinical practice guidance in the systems of causation

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 2003

One of the important things in the full mouth reconstruction is the determination of therapeutic position. Centric jaw relation is used as a therapeutic position for the full mouth reconstruction. There are several techniques associated with recording this position. Five clinically acceptable techniques are as follows: 1) Swallowing or free closure, 2) Chin point guidance, 3) Bimanual method 4) Myo-monitor technique, 5) Anterior deprogrammer. Centric relation obtained utilizing the anterior acrylic resin platform in this case. Another important thing in full mouth reconstruction is provisional restoration. Provisional restorations are an excellent diagnostic instrument, especially in full remain esthetics, phonetics, function, parafunction, and dysfunction after evaluation and acceptance through clinical trial with the provisional restorations should be accurately transferred to the final restorations to ensure the same clinical success. Especially, anterior guidance should be accurately transferred to the final restorations. An accurate anterior guidance is critical for optimal esthetics, phonetics, comfort, function, stress minimization, and longevity of teeth and restorations. To record optimum anterior guidance, customized anterior guide table is used in this case. Considering previously mentioned points, we did successive treatment. And it resulted in a better situation esthetically and functionally. Followings are what we cared in treating a patient in this case. 1) Accurate centric relation recording 2) Accurate transference of anterior guidance to the final restorations.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.150-162
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• 2016

Objective: First-in-human dose estimation is an essential approach for successful clinical trials for drug development. In this study, we systematically compared first-in-human dose and human pharmacokinetic parameter estimation approaches. Methods: First-in-human dose estimation approaches divided into similar drug comparison approaches, regulatory guidance based approaches, and pharmacokinetic based approaches. Human clearance, volume of distribution and bioavailability were classified for human pharmacokinetic parameter estimation approaches. Results: Similar drug comparison approaches is simple and appropriate me-too drug. Regulatory guidance based approaches is recommended from US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) regarding no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) or minimum anticipated biological effect level (MABEL). Pharmacokinetic based approaches are 8 approaches for human clearance estimation, 5 approaches for human volume of distribution, and 4 approaches for human bioavailability. Conclusion: This study introduced and compared all methods for first-in-human dose estimation. It would be useful practically to estimate first-in-human dose for drug development.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2019

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to compare clinical pregnancy rates in intrauterine insemination (IUI) treatment cycles with transabdominal ultrasound guidance during intrauterine catheter insemination (US-IUI) versus the "blind method" IUI without ultrasound guidance (BM-IUI). The secondary objective was to compare whether US-IUI had better patient tolerability and whether US-IUI made the insemination procedure easier for the clinician to perform compared to BM-IUI. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial done at the Reproductive Medicine Unit of General Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. We included women aged between 25 and 40 years who underwent an IUI treatment cycle with follicle-stimulating hormone injections for controlled ovarian stimulation. Results: A total of 130 patients were recruited for our study. The US-IUI group had 70 patients and the BM-IUI group had 60 patients. The clinical pregnancy rate was 10% in both groups (p> 0.995) and there were no significant difference between the groups for patient tolerability assessed by scores on a pain visual analog scale (p= 0.175) or level of difficulty for the clinician (p> 0.995). The multivariate analysis further showed no significant increase in the clinical pregnancy rate (adjusted odds ratio, 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 0.85-1.34; p= 0.558) in the US-IUI group compared to the BM-IUI group even after adjusting for potential covariates. Conclusion: The conventional blind method for intrauterine catheter insemination is recommended for patients undergoing IUI treatment. The use of ultrasound during the insemination procedure increased the need for trained personnel to perform ultrasonography and increased the cost, but added no extra benefits for patients or clinicians.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.685-695
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate role·activity factors, ideal·value factors stress and stress amount relationship in clinical practice of dental hygiene students. Methods: The participate in this study were 231 dental hygiene department students. the survey was conducted from August 24 to September 30, 2018, using a structured questionnaire(1040460-A-2018-036). The collected data were compared and analyzed using a ANOVA and multiple regression. Results: The factors affecting the amount of stress were investigated. Role and activity factors stress in case of too much assignment, repeat simple and funtional work, ideal and value factors stress in case of utilized as a subsidiary work practice institution rather than clinical practice, lake of awareness that the training institution is a trainee. Conclusions: School institution and departments form organic relationships with industries. Uniform training guidance for each training institution does not help with diversity or creativity and problem-solving skills. It gives some autonomy to the training guidance of training institutions, also a clear standard for the contents of the training. we need a system that can provide and evaluate basic guidelines for what students can do in clinical practice.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.149-164
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• 2024

Objectives This study aimed to develop Korean medicine clinical practice guidelines for myofascial pain syndrome that can actually be applied clinically. Methods A text message containing a link to an online survey was sent to 26,987 Korean medicine doctors registered with the association of Korean medicine. The survey period was from December 29, 2023 to January 19, 2024. Results There were 2,762 Korean medicine doctors who responded to an online survey over a three-week period. Awareness of the standard clinical practice guidelines of Korean medicine was 74.5%, and utilization was 35.8%. The most frequently used diagnostic tool was a numerical evaluation tool, the treatment tool was acupuncture, and the prognosis management guidance was lifestyle guidance. Conclusions If standard Korean medicine clinical practice guidelines for myofascial pain syndrome are developed based on the results of this survey, guidelines that are highly usable in clinical settings will be developed.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.304-310
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• 2014

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the 6-year clinical pharmacy curriculum in Korea among 35 schools of pharmacy and to compare the pharmacy practice experience curriculum with the U.S. Methods: Data on the 6-year clinical pharmacy curriculum was collected and analyzed from 35 schools of pharmacy in Korea. Data were collected from each school's website, or through professors in clinical pharmacy or the administrative office, when not available online. Guidance for U.S. clinical pharmacy curriculum was referenced from the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) Accreditation Standards and Guidelines. Results: Pharmacotherapy was the only course that was offered in every school of pharmacy with average of $11.5{\pm}2.8$ credit hours offered. Only six subjects were offered in more than half of the schools. Average pharmacy practice experience credit hours in Korea were $1.8{\pm}0.6$, $7.8{\pm}1.5$, $4.9{\pm}1.2$, $3.5{\pm}1.1$, $11.8{\pm}1.2$ in introductory, hospital, community, pharmaceutical industry and administration, and intensified pharmacy practice experience, respectively. While the U.S. required introductory pharmacy practice experience (IPPE) to be conducted in the real pharmacy setting, the IPPE in Korea was conducted as an in-class simulation. The total required hours of IPPEs and APPEs were 1400 hours in Korea and 1740 (300+1440) hours in the U.S. Conclusion: Clinical pharmacy curriculum in Korea is offered through a variety of courses and the pharmacy practice experience curriculum has been adopted by every school of pharmacy. A guidance outlining the major required contents of clinical pharmacy curriculum could help standardize and advance the clinical pharmacy education in Korea.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the factors related to vibration of temporomandibular joint during mandibular opening movement. For this study, 144 patients with temporomandibular disorders were randomly selected. Angle's classification, lateral guidance pattern, range of maximal mouth opening, preferred chewing side, and affected side were investigated clinically. Mandibular torque rotational movement during opening was recorded with $BioEGN^{(R)}$ and vibration of temporomandibular joint during opening was recorded with $Sonopak^{(R)}$. After clinical diagnosis was made, visual analogue scale(VAS) was used for evaluation of clinical progress of the subject's chief complaints. The author calculated VAS treatment index(VAS Ti) from the record of VAS. The more VAS Ti was, the less remission of subjective symptom was, The data were analyzed with SAS/Stat program and the results of this study were as follows: 1. There were no significant difference in all the variables of joint vibration by age and sex. 2. Integral and peak amplitude in patients of Angle's class I were higher than those of class II or III patients. Integral in patients of group function was higher than that in patients of canine guidance or other types of lateral excursion. 3. As to Angle's classification or lateral guidance type, there were almost not significant difference between subgroup of same class or type and subgroup of different class or type on both sides. And there were also almost not difference between one side and the other side related to preferred chewing side or affected side. 4. Patients with disk displacement with reduction showed higher value of integral and peak amplitude than any other patients. 5. Joint vibration variables significantly correlated with VAS Ti of pain. with clinical range of mouth opening, and with ingredients of mandibular torque rotational movement.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.41-52
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• 1980

As it Provides nursing students the opportunity for correlating principles and practice, clinical practice h s been considered as on of the most important part of nursing education. This study was desinged to measure the level of satisfaction in according with the conten. guidance environment. hours and the evaluation of clinical pracice. and to investigate the extent of influence of the variables have on the level of satisfaction. Two hundred and fifty-two nursing students from 9 baccalaureat programs in Seoule were randomly sampled. Instrument consists of forty questionaires. developed by the researcher, was used to gather data data from September 7 through 22, 1978. The level of satisfaction was measured by 5 Point rating scale(Likert-type). and level of significance were(t-test. F-test ＆ X$^2$-test). -Results are as follow; 1. Level of satisfation according to the four variables ( class health. academic achievement, motives) revealed no significant difference. (P>.05). Hypothesis 1,2,3,4, are rejected. 2. Level of satisfaction according to the two variables (clinical instructor interpersonal relationship) revealed significant difference. (p<.01, p<.05), Hypothesis 5,6 are accepted. 3. Level of satisfaction of contents (mean score=3.02) revealed to be high.. 4. Level of satisfaction on guidance (mean Score=2.37), environment (mean score=2.59), hours (mean score=2.72) and evaluation (mean score=2.50) revealed to be low. 5. Level of satisfaction revealed to be low. (total mean satisfaction score =2.64).