• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.683-692
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• 2018

Mammography using mammography equipment is a method of examination that is being employed most widely to diagnose the early stages of breast cancer. Detecting or diagnosing a fibrous tissue, micro calcification, or mass in the breast is influenced by the quality management of mammography equipment considerably. Particularly in mammography, quality management refers to a behavior of figuring out and correcting all sorts of hindrance factors that can cause all the problems related to the equipment associated with the diminishment of diagnosed area due to the reduction of image quality in clinical imaging in advance and maintaining a consistent level of image quality and obtaining a proper image. Here, these researchers aim to summarize and report the general contents of quality management in mammography using mammography equipment.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.192-199
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• 2023

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate chromosomal abnormalities and their correlations with clinical and radiological findings in females with primary amenorrhea (PA). Methods: Detailed forms were recorded for 470 females, including the construction of three-generation pedigrees. Peripheral venous blood was drawn, with informed consent, for cytogenetic analysis. Results: An abnormal karyotype was found in 16.38% of participants. The incidence of structural abnormalities (6.8%) exceeded that of numerical abnormalities (6.15%). Turner syndrome represented 45% of all numerical abnormalities. Furthermore, the Y chromosome was detected in 5% of females with PA. Among the structural chromosomal abnormalities detected (n=32) were mosaicism (25%), deletions (12.5%), isochromosomes (18.75%), fragile sites (3.12%), derivatives (3.12%), marker chromosomes (3.12%), and normal variants (29.125%). An examination of secondary sexual characteristics revealed that 29.6% of females had a complete absence of breast development, 29.78% lacked pubic hair, and 36.88% exhibited no axillary hair development. Radiological findings revealed that 51.22% of females had a hypoplastic uterus and 26.66% had a completely absent uterus. Abnormal ovarian development, such as the complete absence of both ovaries, absence of one ovary, one absent and other streak, or both streak ovaries, was observed in 69.47% of females with PA. Additionally 43.1%, 36.1%, 67.4%, and 8% of females had elevated levels of serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and prolactin, respectively. Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of karyotyping as a fundamental diagnostic tool for assessing PA. The cytogenetic correlation with these profiles will aid in genetic counseling and further management of the condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.629-635
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• 2019

In term of the factors affecting psychosocial adjustment of breast cancer patients, their quality of life after surgical operation, radiation, and chemotherapy were systematically meta-analyzed. As a result, their qualities of life of the patients that had radiation therapy was the lowest right after the therapy, and gradually increased after the end of the therapy. However, after six months, their quality of life failed to reach the same level before the therapy. They had depression and side effects the most right after the therapy, and somewhat reduced them after the end of the therapy. In case of surgical operation, the more they were educated, the more they had psychosocial adjustment, and the more they had a medical examination and took out an insurance policy, the more they had psychosocial adjustment. In case of chemotherapy, their cognitive function is influenced so that they have impairments in memory, learning, and thinking stages. Since subjective cognitive impairment has a relationship with depression, it is necessary to monitor depression of chemotherapy patients. Given the results of this systematic meta-analysis, when three types of therapies (surgical operation, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy) are applied to patients with breast cancer, it is necessary to recognize their psychosocial adjustment, depression, anxiety, and quality of life in the nursing and radiation therapy fields and thereby to introduce an intervention program for a holistic approach.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.8
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• pp.812-819
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• 2008

Purpose : Vitamin D plays a key role in bone mineralization of the skeleton and vitamin D deficiency can lead to rickets. It is well known that vitamin D deficiency is common in breast fed infants. Of these patients, clinically, some have no signs of rickets, but laboratory and radiographic findings are diagnostic for vitamin D deficiency rickets (subclinical vitamin D deficiency rickets). The purpose of this study is to clarify current causes and ways to prevent this disease. Methods : We reviewed the clinical and laboratory characteristics of children who were incidentally diagnosed as subclinical rickets during treatment of other disease such as pneumonia, gastroenteritis, urinary tract infection at Eulji Hospital, Seoul, Korea from March, 2003 to July 2007. Results : Eight patients (six boys and two girls) were diagnosed with subclinical vitamin D deficiency rickets. The mean age of the patients was $12.6{\pm}5.8months$, and they were diagnosed from January to July. The associated diseases were pneumonia, urinary tract infection, acute gastroenteritis, and iron deficiency anemia. All patients were breast-fed. Two showed growth failure. The mean serum alkaline phosphatase was $1995.8{\pm}739.5IU/L$, the mean calcium count was $9.5{\pm}0.6mg/dL$, and the mean phosphorus content was $3.6{\pm}1.5mg/dL$. The mean intact parathyroid hormone was $214.8{\pm}155.9pg/mL$ (reference range, 9-65), the mean 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D was $82.4{\pm}49.3pg/mL$ (reference range, 2070), and the mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D was $29.6{\pm}10.6ng/mL$ (reference range, 1030). A radiographic examination showed cupping, fraying, and flaring of metaphyses in all patients. Six patients were administered calcitriol (400 IU/day) for three months. A consequent radiographic and laboratory examination showed improvement. The first two patients were initially diagnosed with metaphyseal dysplasia, without the detection of vitamin D deficiency and they spontaneously improved without vitamin D supplements. However, two years later, they showed mild scoliosis and metaphyseal dysplasia, respectively. Conclusion : Breast-feeding without supplementation involves high risk of vitamin D deficiency. Some infants may also develop rickets; therefore, such groups should be considered for vitamin D supplementation.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to see the usefulness of lead apron for critical organs near the breast under examining. For clinical experiment, 30 female volunteers who agreed to their participation in the experiments, were chosen and divided into two groups, 15 in group A and 15 in group B respectively. group A is to see whether each side of breast under mammography affects to other side glandular on the critical organs is same, because it is not allowed to scan the both breast for same person or to scan repeatedly. Group B is to see the effectiveness of lead apron during the mammography of right breast. Glass dosimeters were placed on the thyroid, the contralateral breast, and lower abdomen where near the breast during examining. The average glandular doses on the surface in mammography of the thyroid gland, the contralateral breast, the lower abdomen were 0.0692 mGy, 0.6790 mGy, and 0.0122 mGy, respectively, which was an extremely low level of glandular dose. In group B, as to the thyroid gland, average dose was decreased from 0.0922 mGy to 0.0158 mGy. The average dose of contralateral breast was decreased from 0.8575 mGy to 0.0286 mGy. The average doses of lower abdomen was decrease 0.0150 mGy to 0.0173 mGy. As to the lower abdomen, dose decreased from 0.0150 mGy before the use of an apron down to 0.0173 mGy after the use. As p-value was under 0.05, statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups. Wearing an apron can have the protective effects on the thyroid gland up to 20 times lower than not wearing one. Besides, it is also necessary to protect the other breast during the examination by wearing one.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.884-892
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• 2005

Seeing through the reference of literatures ${\ll}$Internal Classic${\gg}$, ${\ll}$Donguibogam${\gg}$ and Master Jisan's theory about Ki-Hyul and Hyul-Ki, the writer came to conclusions as follows. In ${\ll}$Internal Classic${\gg}$ Ki-Hyul is expressed into being orderly and ordinate, but Hyul-Ki is described differently into making Hyul-Ki or operating Hyul-Ki. In ${\ll}$Donguibogam${\gg}$ Ki-Hyul and Hyul-Ki are not distinguished between two things, but Ki-Hyul is mentioned as harmony of Ki-Hyul and Hyul-Ki, and Hyul-Ki as ascending and descending or as deficiency and excess. In Hyungsang medicine the special characters of Ki-Hyul is seized the essence of the meanings from the deflection between left and right, changes of skin, flesh, meridian, muscle and bones. And the distinctive marks of Hyul-Ki is got hold from changes of complexion, many or few hairs, ascending or descending spirits of ears, eyes, mouth and nose. Also Ki-Hyul is recognized by laying stress on rise and fall, after birth, breast, upper limbs, eight extra meridians. And Hyul-Ki is recognized by laying stress on going up and down, the inborn constitution, abdomen, lower limbs, and twelve meridians. Jisan distinguished Ki-Hyul from Hyul-Ki theoretically and he applied the theory to clinical examination proved the facts that the theory and the examination are in accord with each other. This attempts was for the first time in Oriental medicine history and the theory was set up. It is thought that the defects of the theory about Ki-Hyul and Hyul-Ki which Jisan insisted on need much more study from now on.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.298-302
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• 1993

The 40 patients who admitted with chief complaints of pleural effusion and were performed closed thoracostomy and pleural biopsy at the same time with only one incision during the period from Mar,1990. To Feb. 1992. At the department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery; HanYang University were reviewed retrospectively and the results are as follows: 1. The age of patients ranged from 16 to 73-years old [Mean 44.3-years old]. The peak incidence was fifth decade [25 %] and the next was third decades [22.5 %]. 2. 28 patients were male and 12 patients were female with male preponderance[More than 2 times]. 3. The etiologic of pleural effusion were 25 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis[62.5 %], 8 cases of empyema [20 %], and 7 cases of malignant diseases [17.5 %]. 4. The most common chief complaints were dyspnea[21 cases:29.2%], chest discomfort[16 cases:22.2%], and the coughing with sputum [12 cases: 16.7 %]. 5. The duration of symptom were varied from 3 days to lyear [Mean 3.2 weeks]. 6. The amounts of drained pleural effusion after closed thoracostomy were ranged from 100ml to 2,400 ml [Mean 650 ml], but the amounts in case of malignant pleural effusion were varied from 400ml to 1,700ml [Mean 950ml]. 7. The diagnostic rate was 84.6 % with routine examination of tuberculous pleural effusion [Lymphocyte predominance] and the same rate was acquired by pleural biopsy. 8. The diagnostic rate by pleural biopsy in case of malignant pleural effusion was 57.1% and lower than tuberculous pleural effusion. 9. The etiology of malignant pleural effusion were squamous cell carcinoma [3 cases:42.8 %], adenocarcinoma [2 cases:28.6 %] and metasiatic breast cancer [1 case:14.3%].

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2010

Bojungbangdocktang (BJBDT), a formula of eight Oriental herbs, is a modified herbal prescription of Bangdoktang and Bojungbangamtang. Recently, BJBDT was demonstrated to inhibit angiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial growth factor in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, enhance hematopoiesis and protect cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in normal MCF-10A breast cells. Nevertheless, there is no safety study of BJBDT before clinical trial so far. Thus, in the current study, we investigated the toxicity about ethanol-extracted BJBDT. Male and female Spraque Dawley (SD) rats were given orally by BJBDT at 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg for 4 weeks. Mortality, clinical signs and measured change of body weight, food consumption and water consumption were observed. In addition, we performed ophthalmologic, urinary, hematological, blood serum biochemical and histopathological examination. Any general toxicity was not found in BJBDT treated group. Also, there were no significant differences in the parameters such as body weight, food consumption and water consumption, a lot of urine and blood factor levels except HCT, MCHC, Ca, TG, Glucose and T-Bilirubin level compared with control group. Although HCT was elevated and TG was decreased in male rats, and MCHC, Glucose and T-Bilirubin were elevated and Ca and HCT were decreased in female rats, these were within normal ranges. Finally, we determined that maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was 1000 mg/kg and no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was 500 mg/kg. Taken together, these results demonstrated that BJBDT is very safe to SD rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.363-370
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• 2020

This study analyzed the health characteristics and comorbidity of adult men aged 40 years by dividing them into a control group of those without any disease related to fine dust and a patient group with one or more diseases related to fine dust in areas with high levels of fine dust pollution using the sixth and seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2017). Among the general characteristics, the mean age of the patient group was significantly older than that of the control group (p<0.001), and in terms of the health-related characteristics, the frequency of breakfast consumption in the patient group was higher than in the control group (p<0.043). The body measurements were similar in the patient and control groups. Regarding the prevalence of comorbidity, the patient group showed a higher prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and diabetes than the control group, but the differences were not statistically significant. On the other hand, the prevalence of other cancers (except stomach cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and cervical cancer) in the patient group was higher than in the control group (p<0.05). In terms of the clinical characteristics, the glycated hemoglobin levels in the patient group were significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.048). Information on nutrition and health in areas with frequent occurrences of fine dust was obtained through the study results, which can be used as basic data for measures of health and diet management against diseases that will increase in relation to fine dust.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.5519-5525
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• 2013

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in Thai women after breast cancer. Currently, the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear is the recommended procedure for cervical cancer screening in Thailand, but only a relatively small percentage of women follow this screening program. An alternative method to detect HPV genotypes associated with cervical cancer is self-sampling of urine, which is a more widely accepted method. Our study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HPV in Thai women using urine and cervical swabs and prevalence of HPV in Thai men using urine samples. Materials and Methods: Tumorigenic HPV detection was accomplished by electrochemical DNA chip and PCR/direct sequencing. In addition to HPV prevalence, we report the concordance between different methods and sample types. One-hundred and sixteen women and 100 men were recruited. Histological examination revealed normal cytology in 52 women, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) in 9, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) in 24, and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) in 31. One-hundred men were classified as heterosexuals (n=45) and homosexuals (n=55). Results: The most prevalent HPV genotype in our study was HPV16. The HPV detection rate was generally lower in urine samples compared with cervical samples. Overall, there was good agreement for the detection of carcinogenic HPV from female cervical samples between the DNA chip and PCR/sequencing, with 88.8% total agreement and a kappa value of 0.76. In male urine samples, the level of agreement was higher in heterosexuals compared with homosexuals. Conclusions: Further improvement is required to increase an overall yield of HPV DNA detection in urine samples before clinical application of a urine-based HPV screening program. The electrochemical DNA chip test is a promising technique for carcinogenic HPV detection.