• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.159-164
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• 1987

The potential natural vegetation of Seonunsan area, southwestern Korea, was inferred from the actual vegetation. In previous two papers the plant communities of actual vegetation of the area is grouped into nine types; Quercus variabilis, Pinus densiflora, Carpinus tschonoskii, Quercus serrata, Camellia japonica (plantation), Quercus aliena, Pinus thunbergii, Zelkova serrata and Carpinus laxiflora forest. With the analysis of species richness, age structure and various informations on vegetation changes of the plant communities, two paths of late stage succession are suggested in climatic climax starting from Pinus densiflora forest in the area. One is through Quercus variabilis forest to Carpinus laxiflora forest in upper parts of the mountain and the other through Quercus aliena forest to Carpinus tschonoskii forest in lower parts of the mountain. With analysis of actual vegetation and the examination of informations including human activities in the area, the potential natural vegetation of the area was inferred. The potential natural vegetation of the area was mainly composed of Carpinus laxiflora, Carpinus tschonoskii, Pinus densiflora and Zelkova serrata forest. The actual vegetation map and potential natural vegetation map (scale, 1:25, 000) and other results from this study might be the useful data for the protection of natural vegetation and restoration of the current vegetation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2012

The following study has examined possible methodological approach and prospect of implementing storytelling in rural tourism field. It is aimed towards deducing principles of space composition behind securing placeness of rural tourism village through storytelling. The research had been conducted by archival research and case study on field of interest, and its findings are as follows: 1) Storytelling exhibits principles of narrative structure (exposition, complication, climax, and resolution) in various fields, and has shown tendency to structuralize a plot. 2) It can be said that storytelling is deeply related with people's associations of their inner mind. This can be a logical explanation of a certain sight or location, which is a physical environment itself being the actual narrator and distributor in storytelling. 3) In order to convey a story in a more convincing way, storytelling a naming strategy based on a rhetorical technique, which has been shown to positively influence creating unique placeness of a rural village. As indicated in our study, means of storytelling-"Continuity and tourist circulation of space composition with a narrative structure, spatial hierarchical order, concealment and revelation, cast, and naming based on rhetorical technique and facilities positioning"-is a viable solution that can bring recovery of the rural village's unique placeness, as well as spatial development for sustainable rural tourism.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.129-134
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• 1997

The meddle years start when persons achieve maturity and end when they realize they are old, and we commonly call ages between thirty-live and sixty five the middle years. Thinking of life as a play, the middle years lead up to and away from the climax of the plot. In the early part of middle age, the man is the main support of his family, and is out to establish himself in his career. He is in a race toward success, and may acquire a sponsor who picks him out as a protege. In the middle part of middle age, the man is ready to come into his own and may break with his sponsor. Most persons are now at the height of their potential, know their areas of competence, and have the satisfaction of feeling in control in them. They need no longer prove themselves from day to day, for they are credited with past accomplishments. Some are caught in "promotion or success depression", and some continue to change jobs creating difficulties is readjustment. The more satisfactory changes usually occur within a career rather than through shifiting careers. In e later part of the middle age the man worries about his physical health, and experiences depression in facing the retirement. Woman frequently change the course of their lives some time between the ages of thirty-five and forty, and may resume their education or careers. Tee quarters of women are passing through "involutional melancholia".

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.220-225
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• 2007

The succession of marine benthic algae and the restoration of an artificial seaweed forest on a porous type (shaped half saw teeth) artificial reef at Jeju island, Korea was studied. Young thalli of Sargassum horneri and Ecklonia cava were attached to different artificial substrates. In general, the succession on the artificial reefs led from filamentous algae to perennial algae and involved more than 25 species that are useful fishery resources, including E. cava. Coralline algae were dominant on the artificial reefs at the Kangjung site. The maximum algal biomass on the artificial reef in October 2005 was $1,990g/m^2$ at Biyang. In conclusion, a climax community and seaweed forest can be attained one year after the substrate is constructed.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.247-256
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• 1998

The objective of this research was to develop habitat suitability models for wild boar (Sus Scrafa) in Mt. Sulak National Park and Mt. Jumbong Natural Forest Reserve. The study area is covered-with climax temperate hardwood forests ot'mainly Mongolian oak ($\textit{Quercus mongolica}$), and has diverse wildlife species including wild boars. Three suitability models - summer, fall, and annual models - were developed. These models were based on slope, aspect, forest types, forest year classes, distance from streams and trails. Habitat data collected through telemetry were used for the models. The accuracy of the models was tested by comparing observed traces of wild boar in Mt. Jurnbong, and most traces were on suitable areas on the suitability maps.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 1995

In order to study the successional trend and the heterogeneity of forest community, we investigated DBH frequency distribution of dominant tree species and the changes of several community indicies including ${\beta}-diversity\;({\beta}_t)$ along a belt transect in Mt. Yongam, Kwangnung Experimental Forest, which has been preserved for about 530 years. Quercus serrata, Carpinus laxiflora, and C. cordata were the three dominant species and their DBH frequency distribution showed a reverse J-shaped form, so these species seem to maintain by themselves. Dominancediversity curve had a lognormal distribution. d and H'for pooled quadrats were 0.13 and 1.09, respectively, but these indices within each quadiat varied with the range of 0.13 to 0.57 and 0.5 to 1.09, respectively. The value of ${\beta}_t$ along the belt transect ranged from 0.14 to 0.42. These results suggest that this forest community is in the stable climax stage but the components experience a heterogeneous microsuccession.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 1990

This study was executed to investigate the vegetation structure and to propose the vegetation management proposals of the Sansung Nature Park at Cheonju City and the results were as fellows. 1. A damage of vegetation and soil surface around the Namgosa was taken place up to 100m by picnic 2. Pinus rigida forest covered 36.1% of the total area(152.6ha) and total afforested vegetation covered 43.5%, respectively. P. denstflora comm. covered 28.4% arid Carpinus laxiflora Comm. as a climax vegetation in temerate zone covered 0.3%, respectively. 3. 6, 7 and 8 of the degree of human disturbance of vegetation covered 45.3%, 26.6% and 21.4%, respectively and resulted in low quality of naturalness. 4. Physical and chemical properties of soil were pour at high elevation and were poor severely in and around the Namgosa due to human disturbance. 5. Plant community were under rapid succession and had unvalanced structure and heterogeneous composition of species. Rapid vegetational succession from Pinus densiflora and Pf. rigida to Carpinus laxifora, Quercus spp. and Robinina pseudo-acacia were taken place.6. The speeies of Raunkiaer's frequency class I as of high frequency class were Pinus dunsiflora, Carpinus alxiflora, Quercus mmongolica, Sorbus alnifolia, Prunrs sargintii, Rhododendron yedoense, Stephanandra incisa and Lespedeza maxinowiczii. 7. Vegetational management proposals were made for three vegetation zones ; Historic landscape restoration and preservation zone, Afforested vegetation zone, Native vegetation conservation zone and recommanded native species for landcape planting.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 1994

Forage quality evaluation with several grasses grown at a high altitude pasture situated at 1,000m above sea level was made to determine what is the feed value of these grasses and whether these grasses have any differences in forage quality compared with the grdsses grown at lowland pastures. In this experiment, Common, Venture, and Palaton reed canarygrass (Phahris arundinucea L.) and Climax timothy (Phleum pratense L.) were used and harvested at two different dates, 5 July and 30 September, 1989. Cmde protein (CP) concentrations in the grasses grown in September were higher than in July. Among the grasses grown, Palaton and Common reed canarygrass were highest in CP concentration in July and September, respectively. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations in the grasses harvested in July were higher than in September. Palaton reed canruygrass was lowest in ADF and NDF concentrations at the both harvest dates. Relative feed value (RFV) in the grases harvested in July was ranged from 92 to 105 and that in September was from 110 to 117. Palation reed canarygrass had the highest RFV of 105 and 117 in July and September, respectively, therefore, the forage quality of this grass was ranked as Grade 2 based on the AFGC Hay Quality Standards. Overall forage quality of the grasses grown at a high altitude pasture seemed to be higher than the forage quality at lowland pastures. Based on the RFV assigned by the AFGC, forages with RFV 92 to 117 in this experiment could only work well in rations for low producing dairy cows.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.93-102
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• 2019

In 1960s Russian avant-garde architects such as Moisei Ginzburg, Konstantin Melnikov and Ivan Leonidov were rediscovered in the western architectural society. In this period Rem Koolhaas investigated the projects of Ivan Leonidov with great enthusiasm. In late 1920s and early 1930s when the hope and fantasy to the social revolution and technology reached the climax, The third generation of Russian avant-garde intended to find the new synthesis of the technology, the form and the social ideology. In this context, Leonidov proposed audacious projects from the small scale to the urban scale in the influence of Malevich's suprematism, Vesnin's technological fantasy and Ginzburg's concept of "social condenser". These projects seriously affected Koolhaas. This relationship of Leonidov and Koolhaas was indicated but not investigated in concrete manner. This study intends to analyze the projects of Leonidov and to investigate the relationship of Leonidov and Koolhaas in Delirious NewYork and in the projects of Koolhaas. We will analyse this relationship in three categories : hedonistic technology, social collectivity and pure geometry.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.22
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• pp.51-72
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• 2011

The economic decline coincided with the crooked political path of Spanish monarchy that has been on an almost permanent state of war. The Spanish empire was divided and consequently, general impoverishment spread throughout the whole country quickly. Nevertheless Spanish culture reached the climax, especially in the field of painting. Spanish paintings of 17th century are basically religious based on concept of Baroque, whose theme is usually the immaculate conception or mysterious figures of saints. Velaquez, Mrillo, and Ribera are the main painters who represented the trend of this time. Despite having fame as religious court painters, they painted subjects from low society such as beggars in rags, dwarves, jesters, or the poor child. They reflected an optimistic expression and an awe for human being in their paintings greatly. In this paper, we are dealing with three main representative painters of Baroque era whose theme was a picaresque character. This character was one of the axes that coexisted with royals and nobles in 17th century of Spain. The art works that are dealt in this paper serve as materials for historial values and through them we can observe the atmosphere of decline that dominated Spain of the time.