• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2002년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.317-322
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• 2002

Dramatic changes in the patterns of satellite-derived pigment concentrations, sea-level height anomaly, sea surface temperature anomaly, and zonal wind anomaly are observed during the 1997-1998 El Nino. By some measures, the 1997-1998 El Nino was the strongest of the 20$^{th}$ century. A very strong El Nino developed during 1997 and matured late in the year. A dramatic recovery occurred in mid-1998 and led to a La Nina conditions. The largest spatial extent of the phytoplankton bloom was followed recovery from El Nino over the equatorial Pacific. The evolution towards a warm episode (El Nino) continued in the equatorial Pacific from March 2002 and further development toward mature El Nino conditions may be possible in late 2002. The OSMI (Ocean Scanning Multispectral Imager) data can be used for detection of dramatic changes in the patterns of pigment concentration during next El Nino.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.174-180
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• 2014

Standard weather data available to greenhouse environmental design are limited in most regions of the country. So, instead of using standard weather data, in order to find the method to build design weather data for greenhouse heating and cooling, design outdoor weather conditions were analyzed and compared by TAC method and frequency analysis using climatological normal and thirty years from 1981 to 2010 hourly weather data provided by KMA and standard weather data provided by KSES. Average TAC values of outdoor temperature, relative humidity and insolation using thirty years hourly weather data showed a good agreement with them using standard weather data. Therefore, in regions which are not available standard weather data, we suggest that design outdoor weather conditions should be analyzed using thirty years hourly weather data. Average of TAC values derived from every year hourly weather data during the whole period can be established as environmental design standards, and also minimum and maximum of them can be used as reference data.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.28-36
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• 1997

Several thick board and dimension lumbers of Japanese larch(Larix leptolepis), Dahurian larch(Larix gmelini) and radiata pine(Pinus radiata) air-dried in four different seasons to compare air-drying process. Patterns of air-drying curves were influenced by climatological conditions and limber thickness. The initial drying rates of summer were the highest, followed those of fall, spring and winter. The drying times to equilibrium moisture contents for four seasons were nearly the same except for winter. However, the drying time for winter required twice more time than the other seasons. The drying time of dimension lumbers required 1.3 times more than boards. The final moisture contents were lowest during spring, highest during winter and similar between summer and fall.

• 천문학논총
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.197-220
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• 1996

The climatological characteristics at the Choejung-san site were statistically analyzed using monthly normals for the various meteorological elements at Taegu meteorological station for 30 years from January 1960 to December 1990. Various synoptic weather conditions were classified by the estimated geostrophic wind speeds and direction determined using the 850 hPa geopotential height field for 10 years from December 1980 to November 1989. Also the analysis of number of clear days were monthly and seasonally performed using the satellite infrared image data which were obtained from GMS 5 for 5 years from December 1990 to November 1995. The results reveal that the meteorological environments of astronomical observation at Choejung-san site were very good conditions during three hours after midnight except for summer season.

• 한국농림기상학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농림기상학회 2014년도 추계 학술발표논문집
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• pp.74-85
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• 2014

This study is a part of "Early Warning Service for Weather Risk Management in Climate-smart Agriculture", describes the delivery techniques from 840 catchment scale weather warning information using 150 counties unit special weather report(alarm, warning) released from KMA(Korea Meteorological Administration) and chronic weather warning information based on daily weather data from 76 synoptic stations. Catchment weather hazard warning service express a sequential risk index map generated by countries report occurs and report grade(alarm, warning) convert to catchment scale using zonal summarizing method. Additional services were chronic weather warning service at crop growth and accumulated more than 4 weeks, based on an unsuitable weather conditions, representing a relative risk compared to its catchment climatological normal conditions (normal distribution ) in addition to special weather report. Service provided by a real-time catchment scale map overlaid with VWORLD open platform operated by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. Also provide a foundation for weather risk information to inform individual farmers to farm located within the catchment zone warning occur.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제40권7호
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• pp.571-583
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 도시화에 따른 기후변화가 FAO Penman-Monteith 기준증발산량에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 한다. 또한 도시화에 따른 수문기후학적 변화는 다른 지형 및 지리적 조건과도 밀접한 연관성을 가지고 있다. 따라서 도시화가 수문기후에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해서는 이들 지형 및 지리적조건도 동시에 고려되어야 한다. 이러한 지형 및 지리적 조건이 도시화과정과 함께 수문기후변화에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 FAO Penman-Monteith 기준증발산량을 산정하고, 에너지항 및 공기동력항이 FAO Penman-Monteith 기준증발산량에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 본 연구를 위하여 적용된 연구지역은 서울을 비롯한 56개 수문기후관측지점으로써 도시화과정을 분석하기 위하여 반경 10km를 중심으로 $314\;km^2$당하는 면적을 연구지역으로 설정하였다. 연구 지역의 도시화정도를 판단하기 위하여 토지이용현황을 분석하였다. 연구결과에 의하면 대부분의 연구지역에서 기준증발산의 변화정도는 도시화율의 정도에 따라서 상관관계를 보이는 것으로 판단된다. 기준증발산량의 변화정도는 도시화율이 클수록 큰 변화를 보이는 것으로 판단된다. 분석결과에 의하면 기준증발산량의 변화정도는 도시화가 진행됨에 따라서 도시지역 내 열섬현상에 따른 기온상승과 도시치역의 주거지면적 증가에 따른 습도의 감소 그리고 풍속의 감소 영향인 것으로 보이며, 특히 습도의 감소가 기준증발산량에 가장 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다. 또한 도시지역 내의 태양복사량 감소에 따른 순단파복사량의 감소나 기온상승에 따른 순장파복사량의 증가에 의해서 영향을 받는 것으로 보인다. 또한 연구지역의 지리 및 지형조건이 기준증발산량에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 56개 연구지역의 기준증발산량에 미치는 요인은 주로 도시화에 따른 기후변화와 해안 근접성인 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.109-123
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• 2017

The effects of recent climate change on hydrological systems could affect the Winter Olympic Games (WOG) because the event is dependent on suitable snow and ice conditions to support elite-level competitions. We investigate the long-term variability and change in winter total precipitation (P), snowfall water equivalent (SFE), and ratios of SFE to P during the period 1973/74~2015/16 in Gangwon province. The climatological percentages of SFE relative to winter total precipitation were 71%, 28%, and 44% in Daegwallyeong, Chuncheon, and Gangneung, respectively. The winter total P, SFE, and SFE/P has decreased (but not significantly), although significant increases of winter maximum and minimum temperature were detected at a 95% confidence level. Notably, a significant negative trend of SFE/P at Daegwallyeong in February, the month of the WOG, was attributable to a larger decrease in SFE related to the increases in maximum and minimum temperature. Winter wet-day minimum temperatures were warmer than climatological minimum temperatures averaged over the study period. The 20-year return values of daily maximum P and SFE decreased in Yongdong area. Since the SFE/P decrease with increasing temperature, the probability of rainfall rather than snowfall can increase if global warming continues.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.235-258
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate climatological variations from the temporal and spatial surface particulate organic carbon (POC) estimates based on SeaWiFS spectral radiance, and to determine the physical mechanisms that affect the distribution of pac in the Gulf of Mexico. 7-year monthly mean values of surface pac concentration (Sept. 1997 - Dec. 2004) were estimated from Maximum Normalized Difference Carbon Index (MNDCI) algorithm using SeaWiFS data. Synchronous 7-year monthly mean values of remote sensing data (sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface wind (SSW), sea surface height anomaly (SSHA), precipitation rate (PR)) and recorded river discharge data were used to determine physical forcing factors. The spatial pattern of POC was related to one or more factors such as river runoff, wind-derived current, and stratification of the water column, the energetic Loop Current/Eddies, and buoyancy forcing. The observed seasonal change in the POC plume's response to wind speed in the western delta region resulted from seasonal changes in the upper ocean stratification. During late spring and summer, the low-density river water is heated rapidly at the surface by incoming solar radiation. This lowers the density of the fresh-water plume and increases the near-surface stratification of the water column. In the absence of significant wind forcing, the plume undergoes buoyant spreading and the sediment is maintained at the surface by the shallow pycnocline. However, when the wind speed increases substantially, wind-wave action increases vertical motion, reducing stratification, and the sediment were mixed downward rather than spreading laterally. Maximum particle concentrations over the outer shelf and the upper slope during lower runoff seasons were related to the Loop Current/eddies and buoyancy forcing. Inter-annual differences of POC concentration were related to ENSO cycles. During the El Nino events (1997-1998 and 2002-2004), the higher pac concentrations existed and were related to high runoffs in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, but the opposite conditions in the western Gulf of Mexico. During La Nina conditions (1999-2001), low Poe concentration was related to normal or low river discharge, and low PM/nutrient waters in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, but the opposite conditions in the western Gulf of Mexico.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 2008년도 한국우주과학회보 제17권2호
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• pp.24.3-24.3
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• 2008

The signals transmitted from satellites of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) interact with the plasma of the ionosphere. To study the impact of the ionospheric plasma on GNSS applications a comprehensive knowledge of the ionosphere is required. Especially the correct measurement of the ionosphere such as the peak height of the F2 layer peak electron density (hmF2) is important for the GNSS ionospheric model. Anyang ionosonde station ($37.39^{\circ}N$, $126.95^{\circ}E$) has been operating from October 2000 and the accumulated data for 8 years may allow us to obtain climatological characteristics of middle latitude ionospheric F region for GNSS application. We analyzed the variations of the hmF2 and NmF2 over Anyang station for different conditions of solar activity, geomagnetic activity, season, and local time, and we compared our results with the IRI model.

• 물과 미래
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.5-12
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• 1973

A simple regression formula for estimating the lake evaporation rate from the copper-plated pan (diameter 20cm, height 10cm) is derived. A comparison with other formulae indicates that the formula is more accurate than others. An annual map of man evaporation in Korean peninsula has been prepared using the relation. It demonstrates the areal average distribution of mean annual evaporation from a free water surface with no heat storage effect and avected energy owing to differences in the temperature of in-and outflow. The mean annual ratio of the lake to the copper-plated pan evaporation is found to be 0.64. The ratio varies with local conditions from 0.62 to 0.66, and hence it can be considered fairly uniform. However the seasonal variation of the ratio appears to be rather significant. It changes from the lowest of 0.61 to the highest of 0.75.