• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.161-171
• /
• 2017

Global environmental changes have the capacity to make dramatic alterations to floral and faunal composition, and elucidation of the mechanism is important for predicting its outcomes. Studies on global climate change have traditionally focused on statistical summaries within relatively wide scales of spatial and temporal changes, and less attention has been paid to variability in microclimates across spatial and temporal scales. Microclimate is a suite of climatic conditions measured in local areas near the earth's surface. Environmental variables in microclimatic scale can be critical for the ecology of organisms inhabiting there. Here we examine the effect of spatial and temporal changes in microclimates on those of carabid beetle communities in Hyangnobong, Korea. We found that climatic variables and the patterns of annual changes in carabid beetle communities differed among sites even within the single mountain system. Our results indicate the importance of temporal survey of communities at local scales, which is expected to reveal an additional fraction of variation in communities and underlying processes that has been overlooked in studies of global community patterns and changes.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.70-79
• /
• 1998

This study was conducted to understand the effects of weather and tapping date on yield and quality of lactree(Rhus verniciflua) sap yield showed a significant positive correlation with the minimum temperature of one day before sap collection at 1% level and with theminimum humidity of theday of sap collection at 5% level. However, the differences between the maximum and the minimum temperatures and humidities of the day of sap collection were negatively correlated with the sap yield at 5% level. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the minimum temperature of one day bofore sap collection and the minumum humidity of the day sap collection were important factors for increasing sap yield. The high sap yield of lactree by Japanese tapping method was recorded during mid-July and early August. Seasonal variation in lactree sap constituents was observed. The sap collected on 15th of August contained the highest urushiol content (68.3%) and the lowest water content resulting in high quality of lactree sap. By reversed-phase HPLC analysis, fove urushiol components were separated from each other depending on the number of doulbe bonds in the side-chain , and seaxonal variation of urushiol composition was noticed. The 3-C15 triene content fo the sap collected on 5th of July was the highest(77.56%) indicating the major component of urushiol which affects lactree sap quality.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제47권2호
• /
• pp.124-128
• /
• 2014

Objectives: To evaluate the monthly variation in the airborne $(1{\rightarrow}3)-{\beta}$-D-glucan level throughout one year and its relationship with climatic factors (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, hours of daylight, cloud cover, and pollen counts). Methods: A total of 106 samples were collected using a two-stage cyclone sampler at five outdoor sampling locations (on top of 5 university buildings). The kinetic limulus amebocyte lysate assay was used to obtain $(1{\rightarrow}3)-{\beta}$-D-glucan levels. Results: Airborne $(1{\rightarrow}3)-{\beta}$-D-glucan levels were significantly higher in the spring, particularly in April, and temperature was significantly related to $(1{\rightarrow}3)-{\beta}$-D-glucan levels (r=0.339, p<0.05). Conclusions: $(1{\rightarrow}3)-{\beta}$-D-glucan levels may be highest in the spring, and outdoor temperature may influence $(1{\rightarrow}3)-{\beta}$-D-glucan levels.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.17-22
• /
• 1987

1971~'79년(年) 사이 7개년간(個年間) 다수계(多收系)와 일반계(一般系) 벼품종(品種)을 공시(供試)하여 실시(實施)한 질소(窒素) 시비량성적(施肥量成績)과 벼생육기간(生育期間)의 주요기상요인(主要氣象要因)인 일조시간(日照時間), 강수량(降水量), 평균기온(平均氣溫) 및 상대(相對) 습도(濕度)와의 관계(關係)를 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果), 이를 요약(要約) 하면 다음과 같다. 1. 년차간(年次間) 질소시비량(窒素施肥量)의 변이계수(變異係數)는 다수계(多收系) 품종(品種) 19.1%, 일반계품종(一般系品種) 21.9% 이었으며 질소적량구(窒素適量區) 수량(收量)의 변이계수(變異係數)는 다수계품종(多收系品種) 7.0%, 일반계품종(一般系品種) 9.9% 이었다. 2. 질소(窒素)는 기상호적년도(氣象好適年度)의 경우 평균시비량(平均施肥量)(다수계품종(多收系品種)) 18.8kg/10a, 일반계품종(一般系品種) 15.6kg/10a)에 비(比)하여 17~23% 증비(增肥)하고, 기상불량(氣象不良)인 년도(年度)는 14~17% 감량시용(減量施用)이 합리적(合理的) 이었다. 3. 질소시비량(窒素施肥量)과 주요기상요인(主要氣象要因)과의 관계(關係)에서 일조시간(日照時間)(7~9월(月))과는 유의(有意)한 정상관(正相關), 강수량(降水量)(7~9(月)) 및 상대습도(相對濕度)(8~9월(月))와는 유의(有意)한 부(負)의 상관(相關)을 보였으나 평균온도(平均溫度)와는 뚜렷한 관계(關係)가 없었다.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.191-195
• /
• 2007

The colonization pattern and extent of decay produced in paddy stubble by soil inhabiting mycoflora were done by using nylon net bag technique. Among the three methods used for isolation of fungi, dilution plate technique recorded the highest number of fungi followed by damp chamber and direct observation method. Nutrient availability and climatic conditions (temperature, humidity and rainfall) influenced the occurrence and colonization pattern of fungi. Maximum fungal population was recorded in October ($48.99{\times}10^4/g$ dry litter) and minimum in May ($11.41{\times}10^4/g$ dry litter). Distribution of Deuteromycetous fungi was more in comparison to Zygomycetes, oomycetes and ascomycetes. In the early stage of decomposition Mucor racemosus, Rhizopus nigricans, Chaetomium globosum and Gliocladium species were found primarly whereas at later stages of decomposition preponderance of Aspergillus candidus, Torula graminis, Cladosporiun cladosporioides and Aspergillus luchuensis was recorded.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2022년도 학술발표회
• /
• pp.140-140
• /
• 2022

Recently an accurate quantification of streamflow under various climatological and anthropogenic factors and separation of their relative contribution remains challenging, because variation in streamflow may result in hydrological disasters. In this study, we evaluated the factors responsible for variation in streamflow in Korean watersheds, quantified separately their contribution using different Budyko-based functions, and identified hydrological breakpoint points. After detecting that the hydrological break point in 1995 and time series were divided into natural period (1966-1995), and disturbed period (1996-2014). During the natural period variation in climate tended to increase change in streamflow. However, in the disturbed period both climate variation and anthropogenic activities tended to increase streamflow variation in the watershed. Subsequently, the findings acquired from different Budyko-based functions were observed sensitive to selection of function. The variation in streamflow was observed in the response of change in climatic parameters ranging 46 to 75% (average 60%). The effects of anthropogenic activities were observed less compared to climate variation accounts 25 to 54% (average 40%). Furthermore, the relative contribution was observed to be sensitive corresponding to Budyko-based functions utilized. Moreover, relative impacts of both factors have capability to enhance uncertainty in the management of water resources. Thus, this knowledge would be essential for the implementation of water management spatial and temporal scale to reduce the risk of hydrological disasters in the watershed.

• 한국농림기상학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.384-388
• /
• 2014

과거 12년동안(2001~2012년)의 벼 등숙기간인 8~9월의 기상변화 특징은 기온이 높아지고 일조시간이 줄어드는 경향이었다. 이와 같은 벼 등숙기간의 고온과 일조시간의 부족은 벼 기준의 기후생산력지수(CPI)의 감소의 원인이었고, 감소의 정도는 벼 출수기가 빠를수록 더 크게 나타나는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서, 안정적인 벼생산량을 확보하기 위해서는 벼 출수기를 늦추는 재배적인 조치가 필요할 것으로 판단되었다. 그리고, 과거 12년동안의 벼 수량의 변화는 특별한 경향을 나타내지는 않았으나, 벼 수량의 연간 변화는 CPI의 연간 변화와 유사한 패턴을 보였다. 특히, 출수기가 8월 11일 조건에서, 벼 수량에 대한 CPI의 일차함수는 전국 벼 수량 변이의 63%정도 설명하는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제40권5호
• /
• pp.429-434
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to estimate site productivity of Quercus acutissima and Quercus mongolica by four forest climatic zones. We used site environmental variables (28 geographical and pedological factors) and site index as a site productivity indicator from nation-wide 23,315 stands. Based on multiple regression analysis between site index and major environmental variables, the best-fit multivaliate models were made by each species and forest climatic zone. Most of site index prediction models by species were regressed with seven to eight factors, including altitude, relief, soil depth, and soil moisture etc. For those models, three evaluation statistics such as mean difference, standard deviation of difference, and standard error of difference were applied to the test data set for the validation of the results. According to the evaluation statistics, it was found that the models by climatic zones and species fitted well to the test data set with relatively low bias and variation. Also having above middle of site index range, total area of productive sites for the two Quercus spp. estimated by those models would be about 6% of total forest area. Northern temperate forest zone and central temperate forest zone had more productive area than southern temperate forest zone and warm temperate forest zone. As a result, it was concluded that the regressive prediction with site environmental variables by climatic zones and species had enough estimation capability of forest site productivity.

• Advances in Energy Research
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.73-93
• /
• 2022

Focus on climate change and extreme weather conditions has received considerable attention in recent years. Civil engineers are now focusing on designing buildings that are more eco-friendly in the face of climate change. This paper describes the research conducted to assess the impact of future climate change on energy usage and carbon emissions in a typical supermarket at multiple locations across the UK. Locations that were included in the study were London, Manchester, and Southampton. These three cities were compared against their building performance based on their respective climatic conditions. Based on the UK Climatic Projections (UKCP09), a series of energy modelling simulations which were provided by the Chartered Institute of Building Service Engineers (CIBSE) were conducted on future weather years for this investigation. This investigation ascertains and quantifies the annual energy consumption, carbon emissions, cooling, and heating demand of the selected supermarkets at the three locations under various climatic projections and emission scenarios, which further validates annual temperature rise as a result of climatic variation. The data showed a trend of increasing variations across the UK as one moves southwards, with London and Southampton at the higher side of the spectrum followed by Manchester which has the least variability amongst these three cities. This is the first study which investigates impact of the climate change on the UK supermarkets across different regions by using the real case scenarios.

• 한국어류학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.319-328
• /
• 2006

1971~2002년까지의 지난 32년간 장기간 시계열 자료를 통하여 겨울철 남해의 방어 어획량 변동양상을 계절별로 구분하여 조사하고, 이와 더불어 겨울철 한국 남부의 기상상황 및 남해의 해황 변화도 조사하여 장기간의 환경변화와 방어의 어획량 변동 사이의 대응관계에 대해서 살펴보았다. 겨울철 우리나라 남부의 기상변동을 살펴본 결과 1990년대에 들어서 기온이 상승하고 상대습도는 낮아지며 풍속이 많이 약화되는 특징들을 보이는 등 전체적으로 온난화 경향을 나타내고 있었고, 겨울철 남해의 50 m 수층 수온도 이 시기부터 뚜렷이 상승하고 있었다. 이와 관련하여 남해의 방어 어획량 변동양상을 계절별로 구분하여 조사한 결과 타 계절에 비해 특히 겨울철 생산량이 1990년대에 들어서부터 점차 증가하고 있었으며 방어의 주먹이원의 하나인 멸치의 어획량도 이 시기부터 증가하고 있었다. 이번 연구에서 조사한 기상 요인들을 포함한 환경 요인들과 겨울철 남해 방어 어획량 자료를 이용하여 상관분석을 실시한 결과 겨울철 방어 어획량의 증가는 겨울철 기온과 수온의 증가 그리고 멸치 어획량의 증가와 매우 밀접하게 연관되어 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.