• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.19-38
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the diversity of higher fungi and relationship between higher fungi and climatic factors in Naejangsan National Park from April 2004 to October 2010. The obtained results from investigation were as follows. The higher fungi were classified into 48 families, 158 genera and 451 species in Basidiomycotina, 13 families, 26 genera and 39 species in Ascomycotina, and 4 families, 7 genera and 7 species in Myxomycetes, and most of them belonged to Hymenomycetidae in Basidiomycotina. Dominant species belonged to Ttricholomataceae (72 species), Russulaceae (39 species), Polyporaceae (41 species), Boletaceae (40 species), Cortinariaceae (35 species) and Amamtaceae (28 species). For the habitat environment, the ectomycorrhizal mushrooms were 38.8% (15 families, 36 genera and 193 species), litter decomposing and wood rotting fungi 39.4% (36 families, 107 genera and 196 species), grounding Fungi 19.9% (24 families, 51 genera and 99 species) and others 1.8% (3 families, 4 genera and 9 species). Monthly, most of higher fungi were found in July, August and September, and least found in November. In climatic conditions, most higher fungi were occurred in $23^{\circ}C$and above of mean temperature, $20^{\circ}C$and above of minimum temperature, and $29^{\circ}C$and above of maximum temperature. most of higher fungi were found in 73% and above of relative humidity and 200 mm and above of monthly precipitation. In case of ectomycorrhizal fungi like Amamtaceae, Boletaceae and Cortinariaceae, significance levels are not high in $32^{\circ}C$ and above of maximum temperature which mostly affects species occurrence than other climatic factors of mean and minimum temperature and monthly precipitation.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.233-242
• /
• 2018

This study explored the richness patterns of vascular plant species and evaluated the effects of the climatic and habitat variables on the observed patterns along elevational gradients on the Mt. Baekhwa, South Korea. Plant data were recorded from 70 plots and a total of 187 plant species with 78 woody and 109 herbaceous species were recorded along two study transects, the Banyasa and Bohyunsa transects, on the Mt. Baekhwa. A total of 154 plant species with 66 woody and 88 herbaceous species and 131 plant species with 58 woody and 73 herbaceous species were recorded along the Banyasa and Bohyunsa transects, respectively. We used simple ordinary least squares regression model, multi-model inference and variation partitioning to analyze the relative contribution of climatic and habitat variables on the elevational richness patterns. Species richness pattern for vascular plants along the Banyasa transect monotonically decreased with elevation, whereas plant species richness showed reversed hump-shaped pattern along the Bohyunsa transect. Although the elevational patterns of species richness for vascular plants were different between the both transects, habitat variables are more important predictors than climatic variables for the elevational patterns of plant species richness along our study transects on the Mt. Baekhwa. These results indicate that elevational diversity patterns of vascular plants may be different even between nearby elevational transects in a mountain ecosystem but the diversity patterns may be controlled by same drivers.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.261-265
• /
• 2003

In order to examine the difference in processing quality of potato tubers among localities, chemical properties of soils were analyzed and climatic conditions were investigated. Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) were grown at seven localities of Korea during two years from 1994 to 1995. Soil samples and tubers were obtained from 2 to 3 commercial farms per locality with 10 days interval from 70 days before harvesting. As the result of that, higher correlation in processing quality was found with organic material content among soil conditions. On the climatic conditions, minimum temperature and sunshine hours during the period from 30 to 11 days before harvesting exhibited highly significant negative correlations with all quality parameters except reducing sugar content. Additionally, regression equations based on the observed level of these factors showed the relatively high coefficients of determination for dry matter content and chip color. To produce higher quality potatoes for processing, therefore, climatic conditions such as minimum temperature and sunshine hour and soil condition such as organic matter content have to be considered before the selection of areas or fields.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.359-365
• /
• 2012

We investigated leaf disease intensity of Kalopanax septemlobus (prickly castor oil tree) caused by the parasitic fungus Mycosphaerella acanthopanacis, in thirty natural host populations in the Japanese Archipelago. The disease intensity observed for individual trees were analyzed using a generalized additive model as a function of tree size, tree density, climatic terms and spatial trend surface. Individual tree size and conspecific tree density were shown to have significant negative and positive effects on disease intensity, respectively. The findings suggest that the probability of disease infection is partly determined by dispersal of infection agents (ascospores) from the fallen leaves on the ground, which can be enhanced by aggregation of host trees in a forest stand. Regional-scale spatial bias was also present in disease intensity; the populations in northern Japan and southern Kyushu were more severely infected by the fungus than those in southwestern Honshu and Shikoku. Regional variation of disease intensity was explained by both climatic factors and a trend surface term, with a latitudinal cline detected, which increases towards the north. Further research should be conducted in order to understand all of the factors generating the latitudinal cline detected in this study.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.131-138
• /
• 2022

Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) is viewed as one of the main general wellbeing theaters on the worldwide level all over the planet. Because of the abrupt idea of the flare-up and the irresistible force of the infection, it causes individuals tension, melancholy, and other pressure responses. The avoidance and control of the novel Covid pneumonia have moved into an imperative stage. It is fundamental to early foresee and figure of infection episode during this troublesome opportunity to control of its grimness and mortality. The entire world is investing unimaginable amounts of energy to fight against the spread of this lethal infection. In this paper, we utilized machine learning and deep learning techniques for analyzing what is going on utilizing countries shared information and for detecting the climate factors that effect on spreading Covid-19, such as humidity, sunny hours, temperature and wind speed for understanding its regular dramatic way of behaving alongside the forecast of future reachability of the COVID-2019 around the world. We utilized data collected and produced by Kaggle and the Johns Hopkins Center for Systems Science. The dataset has 25 attributes and 9566 objects. Our Experiment consists of two phases. In phase one, we preprocessed dataset for DL model and features were decreased to four features humidity, sunny hours, temperature and wind speed by utilized the Pearson Correlation Coefficient technique (correlation attributes feature selection). In phase two, we utilized the traditional famous six machine learning techniques for numerical datasets, and Dense Net deep learning model to predict and detect the climatic factor that aide to disease outbreak. We validated the model by using confusion matrix (CM) and measured the performance by four different metrics: accuracy, f-measure, recall, and precision.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.247-257
• /
• 2001

The relationships between the distribution of 132 species, 61 genera evergreen broad-leaved trees and shrubs(EBTS) and climatic factors have discussed. The distributional patterns of EBTS were categorized into seven groups on the basis of the number of distributing sites, distributional attitudes and latitudes. Out of seven group. the cold-tolerant EBTS were common at groups I and II, along tilth Empetrum nigrum var. japonicum. Diapensia lapponics subsp. obovata of group III. However, the warmth-tolerant EBTS were rich at groups III. IV V, and VI The lower distributional limits of cold-tolerant EBTS in the groups I and UU decreased as one moves toward south. The upper distributional limit of warmth-tolerant EBTS in the groups III, IV and V decreased with increasing latitude. However. no clear distributional tendency is noticed in the groups VI and VII. The range of warmth-tolerant EBTS appear to show close relationship with the January mean temperature -4 $\^{C}$ and January mean minimum temperature -9$\^{C}$ than others. On the other hand, that of the cold-tolerant EBTS seem to respond well to the August mean temperature 19$\^{C}$ and August mean maximum temperature 26$\^{C}$ than others.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.40 no.6 s.111
• /
• pp.730-747
• /
• 2005

This study examines relationships between climatic factors and spatial-temporal patterns and recent changes of tropical night phenomenon(TN) occurring through nighttime stages in South Korea. Frequencies of daily TN at different times of night are extracted from long term(1973-2004) 6 hourly nighttime(9PM and 3AM) temperature and daily minimum temperature data at 61 weather stations. Temporally, the occurrences of TN are more pronounced in the evening(9PM) and during the Changma Break period(late July - early August). Spatially, the TNs in the evening frequently occur in the urbanized inland cities at low latitudes due to urban heat islands, whereas the TNs in the middle of night(3AM) or at dawn frequently appeared along the coastal areas within 30km from ocean due to the thermal inertia of ocean. By contrast, the evening(dawn) TN is not seen in the highlands whose elevation is greater than 800m(300m) along the Taebaek and Sobaek mountain ridges due to temperature lapse rates with height Correlation and multivariate regression analyses reveal that the impacts of human or physical climatic factors, such as latitude, elevation, proximity to ocean, and population density, are diverse on the frequencies of TN according to nighttime stages. Recent temporal changes of the late Changma period and intensified urbanization during the 1990s have increased the occurances of TN in urban areas. Therefore, strategies to mitigate the increasing urban TN should be prepared in the near future.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.27-39
• /
• 2019

Agricultural risks are exacerbated by a variety of factors ranging from climatevariability and change, frequent natural disasters, uncertainties in yields and prices, weakrural infrastructure, imperfect markets and lack of financial services including limited spanand design of risk mitigation instruments such as credit and insurance. Indian agriculture has little more than half (53%) of its area still rainfed and this makes it highly sensitive to vagaries of climate causing unstable output. Besides adverse climatic factors, there are man-made disasters such as fire, sale of spurious seeds, adulteration of pesticides and fertilizers etc., and all these severely affect farmers through loss in production and farm income, and are beyond the control of farmers. Hence, crop insurance' is considered to be the promising tool to insulate the farmers from risks faced by them and to sustain them in the agri-business. This paper critically evaluates the performance of recent crop insurance scheme viz., Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bhima Yojana (PMFBY) and its comparative performance with earlier agricultural insurance schemes implemented in the country. It is heartening that, the comparative performance of PMFBY with earlier schemes revealed that, the Government has definitely taken a leap forward in covering more number of farmers and bringing more area under crop insurance with the execution of this new scheme and on this front, it deserves the appreciation in fulfilling the objective for bringing more number of farmers under insurance cover. The use of mobile based technology, reduced number of Crop Cutting Experiments (CCEs) and smart CCEs, digitization of land record and linking them to farmers' account for faster assessment/settlement of claims are some of the steps that contributed for effective implementation of this new crop insurance scheme. However, inadequate claim payments, errors in loss/yield assessment, delayed claim payment, no direct linkage between insurance companies and farmers are the major shortcomings of this scheme. This calls for revamping the crop insurance program in India from time to time in tune with the dynamic changes in climatic factors on one hand and to provide a safety-net for farmers to mitigate losses arising from climatic shocks on the other. The future research avenues include: insuring the revenue of the farmer (Price × Yield) as in USA and more and more tenant farmers should be brought under insurance by doling out discounts for group coverage of farmers like in Philippines where 20 per cent discount in premium is given for a group of 5-10 farmers, 30 per cent for a group of 10-20 and 40 per cent for a group of >20 farmers.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.255-267
• /
• 2013

This study aims to reveal the relationship between major climatic factors and radial growth in Siu-ri, NamYangJuSi, Kyeonggido. To identify tree growth responses to climatic variation, we used correlation analysis after standardization and cross-dating of tree ring growth. We use the climatic data(monthly mean, minimum, maximum temperature and precipitation) from September of previous year to August of current year. In terms of relationship between mean, minimum, maximum temperature and tree ring growth, negative correlations were observed in September and October of the previous year. In case of Quercus mongolica, negative relationship were appeared in December of the previous year, January and February of present year. When it comes monthly maximum temperature, August and September of present year was negatively correlated with radial growth in the case of Pinus densiflora. We can conclude that reduced soil moisture due to high temperatures causes a water stress that stunts tree growth. In contrast, there are positive correlations in March of present year. These results suggest that high temperatures in March appear to prolong the growing season. Growth was positively correlated with precipitation from October to December of previous year and from May to September of present year. The results suggest that the smooth water supply from precipitation can promote the tree growth.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.312-323
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to analyze thermal sensation which is measured by human physioclimatic reactions in South Korea. Relationships between Temperature-Humidity Index(THI) and human thermal sensation scale are derived from a questionnaire, which investigates degree of volunteer's thermal sensation with respect to each biometeorological condition. Analyses of these empirical relationships make it possible to calculate thermal sensational indices and to classify bioclimatic types for individual weather stations based on long-term(1971-2000) averages of monthly temperature and humidity data. A generalized annual physioclimatic maps for each Annual Cumulative Thermal Sensation Index for the 68 stations are constructed to show men tend to feel in various areas. The Monthly thermal sensations are affected by latitude, altitude, orographic effects and systems of airmasses. The Annual Cumulative Thermal sensations are increasing towards northern areas and inland, and that the major factors are largely derived from cold stress in winter. The Annual Physioclimatic Types are grouped 8 climatic types(M, ES, M-ES, M-S, W-ES, C-ES, C-M, C-M-ES) according to climatic stress. Results of this study can be applied for evaluation of thermal environment in our daily activities, and for searching relevant sports training-sites, climatherapy etc.