• 식물분류학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.202-207
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• 2010

The most useful criteria and selection procedures of biological indicators have been developed in Korea because they have taken into account local and national concerns on biological responses against climate change. On the basis of these criteria and selection procedures, 100 climate-sensitive biological indicator species were selected to predict biodiversity distribution shift by climate change and manage biological resources integratedly at the national level. It is expected that selection and monitoring of biological indicators by climate change will provide significant information to prepare protective strategies of vulnerable species against climate change and adaptive policies under the changing environment in Korea. In this paper, we have reviewed what kinds of criteria were considered in selecting bioindicators to assess responses of biological organisms against climate change. Definition and selection steps of bioindicators were proposed, and the 100 species of climate- sensitive biological indicators were selected out of 33,253 taxa reported in Korea.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.3-13
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• 2013

As climate change is increasingly recognised as an important global problem, a wide variety of policies and measures are emerging at global and local level to deal with the challenges from the anthropogenic global warming. While national and inter-national efforts characterized by limiting GHG emissions shows very little progress because of their expanse spatial scale and complicated political situations, local efforts have the potentials to ensure effective implementation, monitoring and continual improvement. In the context of local-scale climate policy, the city of Portland is known as one of the best leading cities for its progress of implementing climate change strategies. This paper will briefly discuss the city's efforts to solve the climate change problem and its achievements. The latest climate action plan is selected for the analysis on the followings; the framework of the action plan, the types of implementation methods, and the coordinating agencies. The progress status of each action plans is also reviewed. The purpose of this paper is to describe the main characteristics of the climate action plans and their implications from the intensive analysis on the city of Portland's case.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2014

Radar remote sensing is appropriate for rice monitoring because the areas where this crop is cultivated are often cloudy and rainy. Especially, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) can acquire remote sensing information with a high temporal resolution in tropical and subtropical regions due to its all-weather capability. This paper analyzes the relationships between backscattering coefficients of rice measured by RADARSAT-2 SAR and growth parameters during a rice growth period. And we applied the relationships to crop monitoring of paddy rice in North Korea. As a result, plant height and Leaf Area Index (LAI) increased until Day Of Year (DOY) 234 and then decreased, while fresh weight and dry weight increased until DOY 253. Correlation coefficients revealed that Horizontal transmit and Horizontal receive polarization (HH)-polarization backscattering coefficients were correlated highly with plant height (r=0.95), fresh weight (r=0.92), vegetation water content (r=0.91), LAI (r=0.90), and dry weight (r=0.89). Based on the observed relationships between backscattering coefficients and variables of cultivation, prediction equations were developed using the HH-polarization backscattering coefficients. Concerning the evaluation for the applicability of the LAI distribution from RADARSAT-2, the LAI statistic was evaluated in comparison with LAI distribution from RapidEye image. And LAI distributions in Pyongyang were presented to show spatial variability for unaccessible areas.

• 대기
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.155-171
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• 2023

This paper aims to examine from various perspectives how domestic research studies and projects related to climate change have been conducted to mark the 60th anniversary of the Korean Meteorological Society (KMS). The 『50-year History of the Korean Meteorological Society』, published more than a decade ago, has never dealt with the history of development of individual fields of meteorology such as climate change. Therefore, it is of significance to look at the history of research activities and studies achieved by KMS members in the area of climate change over the past 60 years. The research on climate change in KMS is classified by era from the beginning to the latest and the contents are examined by major research projects at that time. During the past 60 years, climatological research in KMS has been mainly focused on general climate, synoptic climate, and applied climate (urban climate) until the 2000s. However, since the 1990s, climate change has become an important area for climate research. The 2000s are the beginning era of climate change research, since the major projects and researches for climate change has begun in the period. The 2010s can be a time when climate change prediction and monitoring are expanded and refined to meet the rapidly increasing demands for climate information from a wide range of areas. We concluded that the development of the research capabilities of the society over the past 60 years, in particular in the past two decades, in the field of climate change research is remarkable.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.409-416
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• 2020

최근 증가하고 있는 이상기후현상으로 인한 사회·경제적 피해를 줄이기 위해 이상기후 감시가 필수적이다. 이 연구의 목적은 Noah 3.3 지면모형으로 추정한 토양수분자료를 활용하여 준실시간 주간 근역층 토양수분지수(Soil Moisture Index, SMI)를 산정하는데 있다. 동아시아영역(15-60°N, 70-150°E)에 대해 Noah 3.3 지면모형의 적용성을 평가하기 위해 양쯔강유역을 선정하였으며, 해당 유역에서 증발산과 현열을 FluxNet, FluxCom, Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM), ERA-5, Generalized Complementary Relationship (GCR)자료를 이용하여 비교·평가하였다. 양쯔강 유역에서 Noah 지면모형으로 추정한 증발산은 FluxNet, FluxCom, GLEAM, ERA-5, GCR에 의한 증발산과 0.96이상의 매우 높은 결정계수의 값을 보였으며, 현열의 경우에는 FluxNet 현열 자료와 0.71의 결정계수로 증발산 보다 다소 낮은 값을 보였다. 주간 근역층 SMI 시계열로부터 2019년 7월부터 10월까지 중국의 동부지역에서 극한가뭄(Extreme drought)이 확장되는 현상이 관측되었다. 월별 극한가뭄 발생일수의 트렌드 분석결과, 우리나라의 경우 봄철에는 극한가뭄이 지난 20년 동안 대체로 감소하는 경향이 나타났으나, 가을철에는 한반도 전역에 걸쳐 증가하는 경향이 나타났다. 이 연구가 가뭄의 시·공간적 지속성 및 확장성과 최근 가뭄발생의 경향성 등을 종합적으로 분석하고 판단하여, 가뭄으로 인한 사회·경제적 피해를 줄이기 위한 적절한 대책 마련에 활용성이 클 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 1997년도 한국대기보전학회 춘계학술대회 요지집
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• pp.99-100
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• 1997

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제19권E3호
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• pp.99-120
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• 2003

Visibility impairment in an urban area is mainly caused by airborne fine particulate matters. Visibility in a clean air environment is more sensitive to the change of PM$_{2.5}$ particle concentrations. However, a proportionally larger reduction in fine particle concentration is needed to achieve a small increment of visibility improvement in polluted areas. Continuous optical monitoring of atmospheric visibility and extensive aerosol measurements have been made in the urban atmosphere of Kwangju, Korea. The mean for fine particulate mass from 1999 to 2002 at Kwangju was measured to be 23.6$\pm$20.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥. The daily average seasonal visual range was measured to be 13.1, 9.2, 11.0, and 13.9 km in spring, summer, fall, and winter, respectively. The mean light extinction budgets by sulfate, nitrate, organic carbon, and elemental carbon aerosol were observed to be 27, 14, 22, and 12%, respectively. It is highly recommended that a new visibility standard and/or a fine particle standard be established in order to protect the health and welfare of general public. Much more work needs to be done in visibility studies, including long-term monitoring of visibility, improvement of visibility models, and formulating integrated strategies for managing fine particles to mitigate the visibility impairment and climate change.e.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.711-722
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• 2011

This study is aimed to estimate the $PM_{2.5}$ source apportionment at Seoul intensive monitoring site located in Seoul metropolitan area. Time-resolved chemical compositions of $PM_{2.5}$ are measured in real time using ambient ion monitor, semi-continuous carbon monitor, and on-line XRF at Seoul intensive monitoring site in 2010. The mass concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ was simultaneously monitored with eight ionic species (${SO_4}^{2-}$, $NO_3{^-}$, $Cl^-$, $NH_4{^+}$, $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$), two carbonaceous species (OC and EC), and fourteen elements (Si, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Se, Pb) in 1-hr interval. The data sets were then analyzed using EPA PMF version 3 to identify sources and contributions to $PM_{2.5}$ mass. EPA PMF modeling identified eight PM2.5 sources, including soil dust, secondary sulfate, secondary nitrate, motor vehicle, coal combustion, oil combustion, biomass burning, and municipal incineration. This study found that the average $PM_{2.5}$ mass was apportioned to anthropogenic sources such as motor vehicle, fuel combustion, and biomass burning (61%) and secondary aerosols, including sulfate and nitrate (38%).

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제34권6_1호
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• pp.997-1007
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• 2018

가뭄감시는 기후변화로 인해 빈번히 발생하는 자연재해를 저감하기 위해 필요한 중요한 요소 중의 하나이다. 한반도 지역의 가뭄감시를 수행하기 위해서는 위성기반 강수량을 관측하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 위성기반의 원시위성강우자료와 편의보정한 위성자료를 이용하여 위성기반 강수량의 정확도를 확인하였다. 서로 다른 공간/시간 해상도를 가지는 원시위성자료(TRMM TMPA, GPM IMERG)를 10 km로 재격자화 하고, 일단위로 변환하였다. 최종적으로 원시위성강우의 표준 시간대를 한반도 표준시(GMT+9)로 변환하여 데이터베이스를 구축하였다. 한반도를 대상지역으로 선정하여, 지상관측자료와 검증을 실시하였다. 편의보정 기법은 GRA-IDW 기법을 선정하여 수행하였다. 먼저 원시위성자료를 검증한 결과를 살펴보면, 상관계수는 1998년부터 2017년까지 0.775로 비교적 정확도가 높게 나왔으며, TRMM TMPA, GPM IMERG 각각의 10 km 일강수량 상관계수값은 0.776, 0.753으로 크게 차이 나지 않았다. BIAS값은 원시위성자료 값이 지상관측자료보다 과대추정하는 것으로 나타났다. 편의보정한 위성자료를 검증한 결과를 살펴보면, 상관계수와 RMSE가 편의보정 전보다 개선된 값을 보여주고 있다. 본 연구에서 검증한 위성강우자료는 가뭄감시시스템의 기초자료로 충분히 활용할 수 있으며, 향후 미계측지역의 가뭄관리 의사결정을 위한 격자자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.469-479
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• 2016

Kimchi cabbage is one of the most important vegetables in Korea and a target crop for market stabilization as well. In particular Kimchi cabbages in a highland area are very sensitive to the fluctuations in supply and demand. Yield variability due to growth conditions dictates the market fluctuations of Kimchi cabbage price. This study was carried out to understand the distribution of the highland Kimchi cabbage growth status in Anbandeok. Anbandeok area in Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea is one of the main producing districts of highland Kimchi cabbage. The highland Kimchi cabbage status map of each growth factor was obtained from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery and field survey data. Six status maps include UAVRGB image map, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) distribution/anomaly map, Crop distribution map, Planting/Harvest distribution map, Growth parameter map and Growth disorder map. As a result, the highland Kimchi cabbage status maps from May 31 to Sep. 6 in 2016 were presented to show spatial variability in the field. The benefits of the highland Kimchi cabbage status map can be summarized as follows: crop growth monitoring, reference for field observations and survey, the relative comparison of the growth condition in field scale, evaluation of growth in comparison of average year, change detection of annual crops or planting areas, abandoned fields monitoring, prediction of harvest season etc.