• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.868-877
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Koryo Hand Therapy (KHT) on menopausal symptoms and hormone levels (Follicle Stimulating Hormone [FSH], Luteinizing Hormone [LH], and estradiol [$E_2$]) in climacteric women. Methods: The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Data were collected from November 28, 2005 to February 28, 2006. The 45 participants were assigned to either the experimental group (23) or control group (22). KHT was applied three times a week, for a total of 8 weeks to the women in the experimental group. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in menopausal symptoms (F=42.49, p=.000), FSH level (F=26.98, p=.000) and LH level (F=5.31, p=.026) between the experimental and control groups. There was an increase of the estradiol level in the experimental group but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion: KHT can be applied as a supportive nursing intervention to climacteric women. KHT is expected to be a complementary alternative intervention for health management of the climacteric women.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.310-319
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• 1999

This study was undertaken to identify the health-promoting behavior and to explore the relationship between health-promoting behavior, self-efficacy, self-esteem and climacteric symptoms among the middle-aged women. The subjects for this study were 101 women and data were obtained using a self-reported questionnaires. The Questionnaire was composed of a health promotion life styles profile, self-efficacy scale, self-esteem scale, and, climacteric symtoms check-list. Data was analyzed by the SAS program using ANOVA, Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple reggression. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The scores on the health-promoting behavior scale ranged from 46 to 114 with a mean score of 77.95(SD=12.99). 2. The scores on the health-promoting behavior of housewives was significantly higher than working women. 3. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that : 1) self-esteem was the main predictor and accounted for 21.75% of the total variance in health-promoting behavior 2) Self-esteem, climacteric symptoms and health-promoting behavior were contributors to quality of life. 4. In the relationship between variables, self-esteem was positively corelated with health-promoting behavior and negatively with climacteric symptoms. In conclusion, self-esteem, age and occupation were important variables in health-promoting behavior. The results of this study can be used for the management of health in middle aged women to Increase their quality of life of them.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.23-37
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was performed to identify climacteric symptoms corresponding to the use of complementary and alternative therapy(CAT) in middle aged women. Method: The subjects of the study were 603women(40-64years) and were chosen by convenient sampling from 1 April to 31 July 2004. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statics, chi-square, t-test analysis by SPSS/WIN program. Results: 1. It was shown that 63.8% of subjects have utilized one or more types of CAT. 2. It was shown that the most frequently used types are health supplement(40.5%), gold acupuncture(31.2%), acupress(24.7%), hand acupuncture(21.8%) 3. There was significant difference in the using experience CAT by religion(p=.029), job(p=.018), hormone replacement(p=.016), exercise(p=.007), health state(p=.013). 4. There was significant difference in climacteric symptoms(p=.000) corresponding to the using experience of CAT. 5. There was significant difference in climacteric symptoms(p=.028) corresponding to the using experience hand therapy of CAT. Conclusion: We found that middle aged women used CAT more than others populations. Future research examining the determinants of CAT use, incorporating attitudinal and health conditions, as well as clinical efficacy, effectiveness, and health outcome studies of specific CAT therapies are warranted.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.7 s.221
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• pp.125-139
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyse the factor of the Variables that contributed to the depression of middle-aged women. The subjects were 751 Middle-aged women whose age was from 41 to 60. The instruments used in the study were the assessment of depression, the assessment of climacteric symptoms, the assessment of marital satisfaction, the assessment of marital stability, the assessment of ego identity and the questionnaire of demographic variables. The data were analysed by using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Duncan, pearson correlation, hierarchical multiple regression. The findings were as follows; (1) According to the job, the level of education, the state of marriage, the subjective level of health, the subjective level of economy, household income, present problem, the level of family-of-original relationship, the age of last child, religion and spouse's occupation there were differences of depression; (2) In the result of the analysis of relationships of depression, the depression was correlated with Climacteric Symptoms positively and with Marital Satisfaction, Marital Stability, and Ego Identity negatively; (3) Predictors of depression of the Middle-aged women ordered climacteric physical, climacteric psychological, marital satisfaction, marital stability, identity moratorium, goal oriented, identity diffusion, initiative. Based on these results, the recommendations for the future research in this area were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.189-201
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was performed to find out the relationships between abdominal fat and eating attitude in obese climacteric women. Methods : 42 obese climacteric women were recruited in August 2007. Anthropometry has been done and abdominal fat distribution had been assessed by CT scan at the level of L4-5 and eating attitude was measured using Korean Eating Attitude Test-26. Results : There were significant correlations between body mass index, percent of body fat and eating attitude. Total abdominal fat and visceral fat also increased with KEAT-26. Conclusions : There were relationships among eating attitude total fat, abdominal fat and visceral fat in obese climacteric women.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.4439-4448
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• 2014

This study was conducted to extend the understanding and knowledge by examining the effect of climacteric symptoms and the cognitive function on QoL(Quality of life) of middle aged women. This study was conducted from March 2nd to March 10th, 2014. The data was collected by self-report questionnaires from 204 middle aged women. There was a significantly positive correlation between the climacteric symptoms and cognitive function. A significantly negative correlation was observed between the climacteric symptoms and QoL. The climacteric symptoms were a direct predictor and an indirect predicator of QoL mediated by the cognitive function. The study suggests that nursing intervention is needed to manage the climacteric symptoms and cognitive function for improving the QoL of middle aged women.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.25-39
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary intakes in middle-aged women(pre and postmenopausal) and relation to climacteric symptoms. We conducted the anthropometric measurements, climacteric symptoms survey, and dietary intake to assess the nutrient intakes. Also, dietary quality indices were evaluated. The subjects, over 40 years old, were 168 middle aged women(pre=74, postmenopausal=94), mean age was $48.9{\pm}3.6yr$. The anthropometric measurements showed that 59% of subjects were overweight and obese. Climacteric symptoms that were answered 'yes' in 50% plus in the subjects, were dry eyes, forgetfulness, difficult concentration, large joint pain(shoulder), fatique, backache, dry skin, joint pain(ankle and knee), dry mouth, dizziness, depression and lonesomeness, snore, morning stiffness, and hot flash. Some symptoms showed significant difference between pre and postmenopausal groups. The average energy intake was 1602.1 Kcal, which was 82% of the Korean EER. The subjects had lower vitamin A, riboflavin, folic acid, Fe, Zn and Ca intake than Korean RI. The lowest nutrient intake was Ca. The mean of food intake was 1294.2 g and MAR of diet quality indices was 0.83. In relation to dietary factors with climacteric symptoms, significant correlations have been found between total protein, animal protein, lipid, cholesterol and niacin intake and 'fatique', energy, carbohydrate, thiamin, vitamin B6, folic acid, vitamin C, Na, K and Fe intake and 'dry skin', Ca intake and 'difficult concentration'. Our results indicate that dietary factors(food and nutrients intake, INQ, NAR, MAR) may effect the prevention and reduction of some climacteric symptoms in middle aged women.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.151-164
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• 2002

PURPOSE: Estrogen replacement therapy is indicated for the relief of hot flushes and urogenital atrophy, the prevention of osteoporosis and the reduction in risk of cardiovascular disease. The present study assessed by blood pressure, heart rate variability, and climacteric symptoms in menopausal women before treatment and at 1 month during estrogen replacement therapy. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 16 healthy menopausal women (range 49 to 59 years, mean : 53.4 years) attending menopausal clinics for the complaint of climateric symptoms at S. hospital in Chunchoen. They were all non-smokers and no patient had symptoms or evidence of cardiovascular disease. They took estrogen replacement therapy (conjugated estrogen 0.625 mg with or without medroxy progesteron 2.5mg) for 1 month. Blood pressure, heart rate variability(heart period and vagal tone) through ECG, and climacteric symptom were measured in all subjects before treatment and at 1 month during treatment. Climacteric symptom questionnaire which was developed by Neugarten et al.(1963) was modified with 20 items of question(Cronbach's alpha = 88 -.89). The data was collected from Sept. 1. 2000 to July. 30. 2001. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in mean systolic and diastolic pressure between the baseline and at 1 month during treatment. The mean heart period and vagal tone were slightly increased, but difference of mean heart period and vagal tone were not statistically significant between the baseline and at 1 month during treatment. The score of climacteric symptoms decreased significantly from the baseline after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Even though, this study did not show that estrogen replacement therapy led decrease of blood pressure and increase heart rate variability, climacteric symptoms reduced much in all subjects after taking drugs. These results suggest that there is need to repeat study with long term period.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.125-134
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between the climacteric symptoms and the dietary patterns. The study was conducted with 285 middle-aged women(150 premenopause and 135 postmenopause) and the informations were obtained by questionnaires. The menophania of the premenopause and of the postmenopause women began to 15.6 and 16.6 years old, respectively. And it seemed that the middle-aged women had neutral attitude about menopause-related altitude. There was a positive correlation between the nutrition knowledge and the food habit, but these knowledge and habits had a little correlation with the climacteric symptoms.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to identify the correlations between management of menopause, urinary incontinence and sexual satisfaction in climacteric women. Method: This study was conducted using a convenient sampling method in and around Jinju city, and each participant gave consent for the research. A total sample of 250 middle-aged women aged 40 to 60 years were chosen for the study, of which 157 women completed the questionnaires used for the analysis. Data was collected from Jan 1st to Mar 31st, 2004 by structured questionnaires (questionnaires for management of menopause, urinary incontinence and sexual satisfaction). Result: The characteristic variables significantly related to management of menopause were occupation and religion. The characteristic variable significantly related to urinary incontinence was age. The characteristic variables significantly related to sexual satisfaction were religion, economic status, and frequency of delivery. The relationship between management of menopause and sexual satisfaction was statistically significant with a positive correlation. Conclusion: It is hoped that the above findings will stimulate health promoting programs for climacteric women.