• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.61-75
• /
• 2000

To enhance web site's usability, it has been suggested that the depth of tree structured menus should be minimized. In this research, experimental results are reported to quantitatively compare the methods currently used for reducing the depth of menus in web sites. 25 popular web sites were selected and their menu types were categorized into four types: top menu, drop-down menu, boolean menu, and table of contents. The four types of menu were then sub-categorized into 15 different types according to their sub-menu type, existence of menu colors, and the event occurring after mouse activation. Performance tests and subjective evaluation were carried out. The results showed that there were no significant differences in terms of response time among the 15 menu types, while table of contents and drop-down in which the first and second level of menus were visible induced the least number of errors. In the subjective test, the top-menu structure with colors and presentation of its sub-menu without clicking mouse were preferred.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.979-987
• /
• 2014

This paper describes new tactile feedback patterns and the effect of their input performance for a button GUI activated by a tap gesture on mobile touch devices. Based on an analysis of touch interaction and informal user tests, several tactile feedback patterns were designed. Using these patterns, three user experiments were performed to investigate appropriate tactile feedback patterns and their input performance during interaction with a touch button. The results showed that a tactile pattern responding to each touch and release gesture with a rapid response time and short falling time provides the feeling of physically clicking a button. The suggested tactile feedback pattern has a significantly positive effect on the number of typing errors and typing task completion time compared to the performance when no feedback is provided.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.163-171
• /
• 2013

Various web browsers offer mouse gesture functions because they are convenient input methods. Mouse gestures enable users to move to the previous page or tab without clicking its relevant icon or menu of the web browser. To maximize the efficiency of mouse gestures, they should be designed to match users' mental models. Mental models of human beings are used to make accurate predictions and reactions when certain information has been recognized by humans. This means providing users with appropriate information about mental models will lead to fast understanding and response. A cognitive response test was performed in order to evaluate whether the mouse gestures easily associate with their respective functional meanings or not. After extracting mouse gestures which needed improvement, those were redesigned to reduce cognitive load via sketch maps. The methods presented in this study will be of help for evaluating and designing mouse gestures.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2004.05a
• /
• pp.120-122
• /
• 2004

Wearable input device that can make free-space typewriting possible is introduced. We named this device as $SCURRY^{TM}$. To measure the angular velocity of hand and the acceleration rates at the ends of fingers, we buried MEMS inertial sensors in this keyboard. We processed sensor signals to get the information on hand movement and finger-click motion. With this signal processing, apparent finger movements were depicted over the virtual keyboard shown on output device of a target computing system. In this paper, a finger-click recognition method is proposed to improve the recognition performance for finger clicking of $SCURRY^{TM}$. The proposed method is composed of three parts including feature extraction part, valid click part, and cross-talk avoidance part. The experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithms.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.155-158
• /
• 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study was to observe the relationship between impacted mandibular third molars and development of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. Knowledge of the factors that have an adverse effect on the TMJ is necessary for proper diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of TMJ disorders. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 80 patients aged between 20 and 60 years with impacted mandibular third molars, over a period of two months. The patients were examined clinically and radiologically to determine the type of impaction and detect the associated TMJ symptoms or disorders. Results: In the 80 patients, 63.8% (51/80) of TMJ disorders were found in the horizontal group, 46.3% (37/80) in the mesioangular group, 42.5% (34/80) in the distoangular group, and 30.0% (24/80) in the vertical group of impacted mandibular third molars. Conclusion: The study concluded that type of impacted mandibular third molar is factor in the development of temporomandibular disorders.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2023

This paper introduces a real-time face swapping system that enables video influencers to swap their faces with arbitrary generated face images of their choice. The system is implemented as a Django-based server that uses a REST request to communicate with the generative model,specifically the pretrained stable diffusion model. Once generated, the generated image is displayed on the front page so that the influencer can decide whether to use the generated face or not, by clicking on the accept button on the front page. If they choose to use it, both their face and the generated face are sent to the landmark extraction module to extract the landmarks, which are then used to swap the faces. To minimize the fluctuation of landmarks over time that can cause instability or jitter in the output, a temporal filtering step is added. Furthermore, to increase the processing speed the system works on a reduced set of the extracted landmarks.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.97-103
• /
• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the Bonwill triangle of Korean using the cone beam computerized tomography (Cone-beam CT). Materials and Methods: 120 Koreans (60 males and 60 females) who visited Daejeon Dental College Hospital of Wonkwang University and who underwent the Cone-beam CT were selected. The Cone-beam CT images were analysed with Invivo 5.1 (Anatomage, San Jose, USA). After reorientation of axis, the intercondylar distance was measured by clicking both middle points of condyle. And the condyle-incisor distance was measured by clicking the middle point of condyle and contact point of the mandibular central incisor's incisal edge. The collected data were analysed using the SPSS Version 23.0 (IBM Inc., Armonk, USA) and statistical significance was verified by gender using independent t-test. Results: The mean intercondylar distance of Korean was 105.9 mm, and the male (108.3 mm) was statistically significantly larger than the female (103.4 mm). The mean condyle-incisor distance of Korean was 105.2 mm, and the male (108.1 mm) was statistically significantly larger than the female (102.3 mm). Conclusion: The mean intercondylar distance of Korean in this study was 105.9 mm that was smaller than well-known 110 mm of Caucasian and the male was statistically significantly larger than the female. Within the limitations of this study, it would be necessary to use the articulator which can adjust the intercondylar distance according to the individual for prosthodontic treatment of Korean.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.368-376
• /
• 2004

Currently, the package tools and software development kits of Microsoft's Windows Media Technology provides users an environment to write, distribute and play multimedia contents. However, it is very difficult for common users to create a media streaming content using the Windows Media technology, because of its technical hardship. Therefore, we developed an easy-to-use authoring tool for multimedia streaming content which can be used in the Windows Media Technology environment. Our authoring tool is based on the web page templates by which HTML codes can be generated automatically. Using the existing streaming media authoring tool provided by the Microsoft, users have to code the temporal markers and the event script commands directly to the ASF(Advanced Systems Format) files or ASX (ASF Stream Redirector) format files. We developed an easy-to-use interface for insetting temporal markers and the event script commands to the ASF files by simple mouse clicking and dragging to minimize the effort of users for creating multimedia streaming content. In addition, we implemented an ASX file creation wizard that allows users to create ASX format file without coding ASX tags. We also implemented various web page templates where the ASF files and the ASX files can be embedded by just clicking the corresponding templates. The target web pages can be automatically generated from those templates and previewed directly on the web browser at the time of creation.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.205-211
• /
• 2012

A 35 year-old female presented with the complaint of sudden occurrence of bite change and concurrent opening limitation, as well as pain in the right temporomandibular joint (TMJ) during mouth opening. From her history it was revealed that she had simple clicking of right TMJ for several years before onset of these symptoms, and that the clicking sound subsided recently after development of opening limitation. On clinical examination, anterior open bite, midline shift of the mandible to right, and premature contacts on left posterior teeth were observed. Maximum mouth opening and lateral movement to left were also restricted. On magnetic resonance images, the right TMJ showed anterior disc displacement without reduction and the posterior joint space is greatly collapsed by retrusion of the condyle. It was thought that the sudden occurrence of occlusal change would be resulted from abrupt displacement of the mandible associated with development of the anterior disc displacement without reduction. The stabilization appliance traction therapy was performed initially for first 3 months along with physical and pharmacologic therapy. However, the anterior open bite and opening limitation didn't resolve and the position of mandible still remained altered. So the stabilization appliance was changed to intermaxillary traction device. Then the mandible returned progressively to normal position and the occlusion became more stable and comfortable. After 5 months of intermaxillary traction therapy, the anterior open bite was dissolved completely and the occlusion became stabilized satisfactorily along with recovery of normal mouth opening range. On post-treatment magnetic resonance image, remodeling of condylar head was observed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.291-304
• /
• 1994

The purpose of this study was to analyze the facial asymmetry of the patients with the craniomandibular disorder. In this study, 50 patients, who have joint clicking and pain, mouth opening limitation, and 40 dental students, Chosun University, who did not posses any restoration and orthodontic treatment, joint clicking and pain, mouth opening limitation, were selected as the control group. Both the control group and the patient group were takened skull P-A, submento-vertex radiogram by standized methods. After that, the deviation and facial asymmetry were measured and analyzed. The results of the this study were as follows: 1. In the Skull P-A radiogram, the width difference of control group and patient group measured that the △ Cg-Go-Cl: control group were 3.35㎜, patient group were 4.51㎜ (P<0.05), the △Cg-Zy-Go: control group were 1.83㎜, patient group were 3.27㎜(P<0.001). 2. In the Skull P-A radiogram, the height difference of control group and patient group measured that the △ Cg-Go-Cl: control group were 131.85㎜, patient group were 188.45㎜(P<0.05), the △Cg-Zy-Go: control group were 1.58㎜, patient group were 2.68㎜(P<0.00l). 3. In the Skull P-A radiogram, the area difference of control group and patient group measured that the △ Cg-Go-Cl: control group were 120.76㎟, patient group were 185.49㎟(P<0.05), the △Cg-Zy-Go: control group were 2.29㎟, patient group were 3.37㎟(p<0.05). 4. In the submento-vertex radiogram, the width difference of control group and patient group measured that the △Mr-Cl-Ia: control group were 1.50㎜, patient group were 2.35㎜(P<0.05), the △Mr-Cm-Ia: control group were 1.75㎜, patient group were 3.17㎜(P<0.05), the △Mr-Go-Ia: control group were 1.96㎜, patient group were 3.24㎜(P<0.001), the △Mr-Cp-Co: control group were 1.74㎜, patient group were 2.73㎜(P<0.05). 5. In the submento-vertex radiogram, the height difference of control group and patient group measured that the △Mr-Cp-Ia: control group were 1.68㎜, patient group were 2.46㎜P<0.05), the △Mr-CI-Ia: control group were 2.38㎜, patient group were 3.74㎜(P<0.05), the △Mr-Co-Ia: control group were 1.63㎜, patient group were 2.80㎜(P<0.05), the △Mr-Cm-Ia: control group were 1.45㎜, patient group were 3.12㎜(P<0.001). 6. In the submento-vertex radiogram, the area difference of control group and patient group measured that the △ Mr-Cp-Ia: control group were 73.17㎟, patient group were 110.16㎟(P<0.05), the △Mr-Cl-Ia: control group were 105.09㎟, patient group were 180.87㎟(P<0.001), the △Mr-Co-Ia: control group were 103.31㎟, patient group were 148.48㎟(P<0.05), the △Mr-Cm-Ia: control group were 97.01㎟, patient group were 167.83㎟(P<0.05), the △Mr-Go-Ia: control group were 104.24㎟, patient group were 205.90㎟(P<0.05).