• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.18
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• pp.123-134
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• 2004

The aim on this paper is to explain the present state and circumstance in the course of arranging historic classical books in China. In order to approach its purpose, it should make it clear to define the word of "The present"(當代). Furthermore, we need to take a deep notice on the arrangements itself of historic classical books, its influences and contributions, reflecting this process carefully with those historical, cultual and social points of view due to the meaning of "The present" in China. Starting from this considerate view, first of all, I would like to determine the accurate time of "The present" to be the period of time from October, 1949 to December, 2003. It can be described very suitably well as "bamboo sprouts grow fast after a rainfall"(雨後春荀). This tremendous works in the arrangements of Classics have gone through sweets and bitters of times during 50 and several years. However, this work in process has overcome so much troubles and exclude obstacles in doing so, gradually begun to bear tasteful fruit of many publications, about 10,000 works so far. Although it has gone far with very little amount of works in comparison with the remains that would be put in order in the incoming future, it succeed effectively to the spirit and soul in Chinese culture and people. Illuminating the development in its historical steps and analyzing elaborately flows in cultural and ideal elements, it is known that this work of arrangements not only give a very firm basis for excellent Chinese cultural tradition, but also extend high level of idea and thoughts in their thoughts so that build up the spirit in socialism on the solid foundation. This paper will give a explanation and analysis on this works and its contributions. At the same time, it examine and give a good, careful, and close look on the arrangement of historic classical books in China by various means of classifying into various types and style, searching for many methods, and showing indication and directions that might be right in "the present".

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.23-39
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• 2011

Scythian Earrings in the Black Sea region had completely degenerated, stifled by motifs and shapes of Greek origin, retaining its representational realism and its full emotional vitality. The purpose of this study is to review and research the symbolic meaning and classifying the types of the Scythian Earrings style through the tombs bequests. The Scythian Earrings were divided into the styles according to the shape, Earring with Ends Shaped like animal's Heads, Boat-Shaped Earrings, Bird-Shaped Pendants earrings, Earrings with a Disc and a Pendant, Earrings Shaped like the Figures, Earring with the drop Pendant, Spiral Earrings. Earrings based on the boat shape enjoyed a long popularity among the Scythians. As that form became elaborated and combined with the disk-pendent, it reflected native rather than Asian or Hellenic tastes. Although Scythian earrings were produced based on the shapes of Greece earrings, they recreated these as Scythian unique style. In particular, the animal motive and the decoration have various changes. The exquisite earrings attest to the elegant taste and splendid wealth of the upper classes.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.561-574
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• 2009

Black has been the most important color of all since the ancient times when the recognition of black roused, as well as during most of the eras; and can especially be said as the main color which controlled the chronicles of fashion. The purpose of the study was to broaden the application of black color image make-up by inquiring into make-up design elemental characteristics of lines and textures, after classifying magazine illustrations and advertisement make-up images using black. The photos which made effective use of black among fashion illustrations, magazine advertisements after 2001 were classified in to each type, and make-up expression method and characteristics according to design element of each image type was analyzed. The conclusion of such study was the following. 'Erotic image' showed contrast effect between eye make-up and lip color by using pale tone or red color. 'Mannish image' emphasized form and texture of eyebrow by restraining the colors of eyelids with natural brown tone eye make-up; 'Modern image' expressed vague eyebrow to bring the sensation of the direction of eye shadow on eyelids and eye line as well as slant line to relief. 'Kitsch image' showed free and light imagery by creating unique hair style with various colors; expressing lips mostly with colors similar to skin tone or by restraining colors on lips. 'Decadence image' showed messy and foul sensation with unstandardized eye make-up and matt skin of shimmer, glossy and pale tone, also with black colored lips; 'Retro image' expressed reinterpretation of images from 1920${\sim}$1960 to contemporary styles.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.71-75
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• 1998

The Miaos who is the minority people mainly living in the southwestern part of China, expressed their indicator and solidarity through the costume in order to maintain their racial character while experiencing numerous adversities over thousands of years, where the costume has served as a source of cohesion as well as a primitive religious thought, and also showed their faith, desire, longing and aspiration. This study examined the Miao's traditional costume by classifying it into the following; hair style, headdress, upper and lower garments, and other costume. And the silver ornaments used for attire and their symbolic meaning were examined. The result of the study is summarized as follows. 1. The reason that types of the costume has been diversified is because there was promise of ancestors who intended to differently express the type of a kind as symbol of the racial branch that is the Miao's special type of society. Thus, the costume type could tell where a tribe live. Another reason is because only marriage between families with different surname but the same type of costume was accepted. 2. As women made and wore the costume themselves, it also served as a means of being proud of their skill or wealth, they tried to make it more beautiful and it was also used as a token of marriage or love between relatively enlightened men and women. 3. The design used on the costume was expressed as a symbolic meaning of indicator to strengthen the racial solidarity because it connoted worship to ancestors who had experienced lots of adversities. 4. The hair style was expressed in various styles by using Kache such as Chukye, Byunbal and Kokye. It is likely that ornaments used on the head of women in the form of cow's horn or silver crown were used as one of the methods to stress the valuableness of the cattle that were essential to agricultural life. In addition, various styles of turbans were used to indicate the respective regions. 5. Cock's feather ornaments or silver ornaments in the form of pheasant's feather on the edge of women's skirts, peasant's feathers that men wore on their head, or Baekjoui and men wore resulted from the Miaos' thought of adoration for birds, which implied a primitive religious meaning. 6. As the region where the Miaos live yields much silver, the silver ornaments were mostly used to be proud of wealth, which symbolized light and pureness.