• Title/Summary/Keyword: classifying

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Multivariate Analysis of Variation of Growth and Quality Characteristics in Colored Rice Germplasm (유색미 도입 유전자원의 생육 및 품질특성 변이 다변량 분석)

  • Park, Jong-Hyun;Lee, Ji-Yoon;Chun, Jae-Buhm;You, Oh-Jong;Son, Eun-Ho
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.63 no.3
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    • pp.175-185
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    • 2018
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate the variation of growth and quality characteristics in colored rice from 178 accessions and to develop useful, basic rice breeding data by classifying these germplasm characteristics via principal component (PC) analysis. The coefficient of variation of the 178colored rice accessions were the highest for panicle length (PL) and protein contents, followed by length-width ratio (LWR), 1000-grain weight (TGW), culm length (CL), and amylose contents, whereas the lowest was for the number of panicles per hill (NP), which is a yield component. The results from the PC analysis exhibited eigenvalues and contributions respective to each PC as follows: PC1, 2.06 and 29.49%; PC2, 1.31 and 18.75%; PC3, 1.21 and 17.36%; PC4, 1.01 and 14.38%. The eigenvalues of four PCs were over 1.0, and their cumulative contributions were 79.98%, which completes the necessary condition for evaluation of the 178 colored rice accessions. Cluster analysis showed cluster I as the largest, which included 79 accessions, while clusters II, III, IV, V, VI, and VII comprised 46, 19, 13, 4, 8, and 9 accessions, respectively. Moreover, dark brown accessions were dispersed in clusters I and II, and many resources of purple seed coat color were found in clusters V, VI, and VII. Particularly, cluster V had resources of only black and purple seed coat colors. Resources of cluster VII were found to have a relatively small average CL, PL, and LWR; notably, cluster V had the smallest average TGW, and cluster IV the lowest NP but the highest TGW. Finally, considering the yield potential, growth characteristics, heading stage, and color during breeding of colored rice, we obtained the following conclusions: cluster VII is suitable for breeding of colored rice; cross breeding among clusters I, II, and VII has a high yield potential; and it is possible to produce a superior color by cross breeding plants from cluster V and VI.

Optimal supervised LSA method using selective feature dimension reduction (선택적 자질 차원 축소를 이용한 최적의 지도적 LSA 방법)

  • Kim, Jung-Ho;Kim, Myung-Kyu;Cha, Myung-Hoon;In, Joo-Ho;Chae, Soo-Hoan
    • Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.47-60
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    • 2010
  • Most of the researches about classification usually have used kNN(k-Nearest Neighbor), SVM(Support Vector Machine), which are known as learn-based model, and Bayesian classifier, NNA(Neural Network Algorithm), which are known as statistics-based methods. However, there are some limitations of space and time when classifying so many web pages in recent internet. Moreover, most studies of classification are using uni-gram feature representation which is not good to represent real meaning of words. In case of Korean web page classification, there are some problems because of korean words property that the words have multiple meanings(polysemy). For these reasons, LSA(Latent Semantic Analysis) is proposed to classify well in these environment(large data set and words' polysemy). LSA uses SVD(Singular Value Decomposition) which decomposes the original term-document matrix to three different matrices and reduces their dimension. From this SVD's work, it is possible to create new low-level semantic space for representing vectors, which can make classification efficient and analyze latent meaning of words or document(or web pages). Although LSA is good at classification, it has some drawbacks in classification. As SVD reduces dimensions of matrix and creates new semantic space, it doesn't consider which dimensions discriminate vectors well but it does consider which dimensions represent vectors well. It is a reason why LSA doesn't improve performance of classification as expectation. In this paper, we propose new LSA which selects optimal dimensions to discriminate and represent vectors well as minimizing drawbacks and improving performance. This method that we propose shows better and more stable performance than other LSAs' in low-dimension space. In addition, we derive more improvement in classification as creating and selecting features by reducing stopwords and weighting specific values to them statistically.

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The Fabricating and Utilizing of the Transmission Scan Tool for I-131 Whole Body Scan (I-131 전신 스캔을 위한 Transmission Scan Tool 제작과 활용)

  • Shin, Chae-Ho;Pyo, Sung-Jai;Kim, Bong-Su;Cho, Yong-Gyi;Jo, Jin-Woo;Kim, Chang-Ho
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.40-46
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    • 2009
  • Purpose: A whole body scan using a radioactive iodine (I-131) for the patients with differentiated thyroid cancer is generally an useful method to detect the remnant thyroid tissue, recurred lesion or metastasis lesion after a surgery. The high dose treatment using the radioactive iodine recently tends to increase, and a hospitalization wait for the treatment has been delayed for several months. In this hospital, the treatable patients per week were increased in number through expanding a water-purifier tank and the examination time also increased as the I-131 whole body scan patients increased. Improvement for this problem, this research reduce the existing examination time and classifying the lesion's exact position intended to by fabricating and utilizing the transmission scan tool and an excellent resolution for whole body imaging. Materials and Methods: After conducting the whole body scan for patients who visited the department from February to July 2008 and received the I-131 whole body scan using the ORBITER Gamma Camera. A rail was installed in the examination table for the transmission scan for show a contour of surface area and then the transmission image was obtained and fused to the whole body scan through fabricating the tool to put a flood phantom of diluted 2 mCi $^{99m}Tc$-pertechnetate. Results: Fused image of I-131 whole body scan and the transmission scan had the excellent resolution to discriminate an oral cavity or salivary gland region, neck region's lesion, and metastasis region's position through a simple marking, and could reduce the examination time of 8~28 minutes because without the additional local image. Conclusions: In I-131 whole body scan, the transmission scan can accurately show a contour of surface area through the attenuation of radioactivity, and is useful to indicate the remnant thyroid tissue or metastasis lesion's position by improving the resolution through the fusion image with alreadyexecuted I-131 whole body scan. Also, because the additional local image is not necessary, it can reduce the time required for the examination. It will extensively apply to other clinical examinations to be helpful for identifying an anatomical position because it shows the contour of surface area.

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A Study of Image Quality Improvement Through Changes in Posture and Kernel Value in Neck CT Scanning (경부 CT검사 시 Kernel 값과 검사자세 변화를 통한 화질개선에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Hyeon-Ju;Chung, Woo-Jun;Cho, Jae-Hwan
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.59-66
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    • 2011
  • There is a difficulty because of classifying the anatomical structure in the neck CT scan by the beam hardening artifact no more than disease and it including the 6, 7 number cervical spine and intervertebral disk. In case of enforcing the neck CT scan cause of the inner diameter of beam artifact tried to be inquired by the image evaluation according to the change of the image evaluation according to the direction of the shoulder joint applying the variation method of a posture and location and Kernel value and it was most appropriate, the lion tax and Kernel value try to be searched for through an experiment. Somatom Sensation 16 (Siemens, Enlarge, Germany) equipment was used in a patient 30 people coming to the hospital for the neck CT scan. A workstation used the AW 4.4 version (GE, USA). According to a direction and location of the shoulder joint, the patient posture gave a change to the direction of the shoulder joint as the group S it gave a change as three postures and placed the both arms comfortably and helps a group N and augmented unipolar left in the wealthy merchant and group P it memorized the both hands and ordered the eversion and drops below to the utmost and enforced a scan. By using a reconstructing method as the second opinion, it gave and reconstructed the Kernel value a change based on scan data with B 10 (very smooth), B 20 (smooth), B 30 (medium smooth), B 40 (medium), B 50 (medium sharp), B 60 (sharp), and B 70 (very sharp). By using image data which gave the change of the examination posture and change of the Kernel value and are obtained, we analyzed through the noise value measurement and image evaluation of. The outside wire eversion orders the both hands and the examination posture is cost in the neck CT scan with the group P it drops below to the utmost. And in case of when reconstructing with B 40 (medium) or B 50 (medium sharp) being most analyzed into the inappropriate posture and Kernel value and applying the Kernel value to a clinical, it is considered to be very useful.

Diagnostic Classification of Chest X-ray Pneumonia using Inception V3 Modeling (Inception V3를 이용한 흉부촬영 X선 영상의 폐렴 진단 분류)

  • Kim, Ji-Yul;Ye, Soo-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.14 no.6
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    • pp.773-780
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    • 2020
  • With the development of the 4th industrial, research is being conducted to prevent diseases and reduce damage in various fields of science and technology such as medicine, health, and bio. As a result, artificial intelligence technology has been introduced and researched for image analysis of radiological examinations. In this paper, we will directly apply a deep learning model for classification and detection of pneumonia using chest X-ray images, and evaluate whether the deep learning model of the Inception series is a useful model for detecting pneumonia. As the experimental material, a chest X-ray image data set provided and shared free of charge by Kaggle was used, and out of the total 3,470 chest X-ray image data, it was classified into 1,870 training data sets, 1,100 validation data sets, and 500 test data sets. I did. As a result of the experiment, the result of metric evaluation of the Inception V3 deep learning model was 94.80% for accuracy, 97.24% for precision, 94.00% for recall, and 95.59 for F1 score. In addition, the accuracy of the final epoch for Inception V3 deep learning modeling was 94.91% for learning modeling and 89.68% for verification modeling for pneumonia detection and classification of chest X-ray images. For the evaluation of the loss function value, the learning modeling was 1.127% and the validation modeling was 4.603%. As a result, it was evaluated that the Inception V3 deep learning model is a very excellent deep learning model in extracting and classifying features of chest image data, and its learning state is also very good. As a result of matrix accuracy evaluation for test modeling, the accuracy of 96% for normal chest X-ray image data and 97% for pneumonia chest X-ray image data was proven. The deep learning model of the Inception series is considered to be a useful deep learning model for classification of chest diseases, and it is expected that it can also play an auxiliary role of human resources, so it is considered that it will be a solution to the problem of insufficient medical personnel. In the future, this study is expected to be presented as basic data for similar studies in the case of similar studies on the diagnosis of pneumonia using deep learning.

Dietary Fiber Intake of Middle School Students in Chungbuk Area and Development of Food Frequency Questionnaire (충북지역 중학생의 식이섬유 섭취 실태 및 식품섭취빈도조사지 개발)

  • Kim, Young-Hye;Kang, Yu-Ju;Lee, In-Seon;Kim, Hyang-Sook
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.39 no.2
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    • pp.244-252
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    • 2010
  • This study aimed to offer groundwork for grasp and evaluation of nutritional status and dietary fiber intake through 24-hr recall method among middle school students in Chungbuk area. In addition, this study attempted to develop food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for dietary fiber intake. Average calorie intake per person a day was 2035.6 kcal for boys, and 1876.7 kcal for girls which were 75.4% and 93.8% of estimated energy requirement (EER), respectively. Percent estimated average requirements (%EAR) of calcium, iron and folate were the lowest showing 34.3%, 54.2%, 67.5% for boys and 36.6%, 59.2%, 64.4% for girls, respectively. Average dietary fiber intake per day was $17.6\pm5.3$ g for boys and $16.5\pm4.8$ g for girls which indicate 54.8% and 68.8% of adequate intake (AI), respectively. The main food sources of dietary fiber were polished rice and kimchi. The main food source groups were vegetables, cereals and their products were fruits, seaweeds in the order named, indicating 68.44% total dietary fiber intake from vegetables and cereals. From preliminary 39 food items, 19 food items were selected to derive the correlation coefficient of each food item between 24-hr recall and FFQ method. Correlation coefficient was increased from 0.71 to 0.78 with significant level of p<0.01 after adjustment of FFQ from 39 items to 19 items set. Percentage of classifying subjects into the same levels by food frequency questionnaire and 24-hr recall based on joints classification quartile Kappa value was evaluated. Agreement was highest in the second lowest group showing percentage to correspond rose from 90.2% to 92.4% and Kappa value of 0.54 to 0.59. Consequently, FFQ developed in this study would be useful for estimating the groups which show low intake.

The Prediction of DEA based Efficiency Rating for Venture Business Using Multi-class SVM (다분류 SVM을 이용한 DEA기반 벤처기업 효율성등급 예측모형)

  • Park, Ji-Young;Hong, Tae-Ho
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.139-155
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    • 2009
  • For the last few decades, many studies have tried to explore and unveil venture companies' success factors and unique features in order to identify the sources of such companies' competitive advantages over their rivals. Such venture companies have shown tendency to give high returns for investors generally making the best use of information technology. For this reason, many venture companies are keen on attracting avid investors' attention. Investors generally make their investment decisions by carefully examining the evaluation criteria of the alternatives. To them, credit rating information provided by international rating agencies, such as Standard and Poor's, Moody's and Fitch is crucial source as to such pivotal concerns as companies stability, growth, and risk status. But these types of information are generated only for the companies issuing corporate bonds, not venture companies. Therefore, this study proposes a method for evaluating venture businesses by presenting our recent empirical results using financial data of Korean venture companies listed on KOSDAQ in Korea exchange. In addition, this paper used multi-class SVM for the prediction of DEA-based efficiency rating for venture businesses, which was derived from our proposed method. Our approach sheds light on ways to locate efficient companies generating high level of profits. Above all, in determining effective ways to evaluate a venture firm's efficiency, it is important to understand the major contributing factors of such efficiency. Therefore, this paper is constructed on the basis of following two ideas to classify which companies are more efficient venture companies: i) making DEA based multi-class rating for sample companies and ii) developing multi-class SVM-based efficiency prediction model for classifying all companies. First, the Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) is a non-parametric multiple input-output efficiency technique that measures the relative efficiency of decision making units(DMUs) using a linear programming based model. It is non-parametric because it requires no assumption on the shape or parameters of the underlying production function. DEA has been already widely applied for evaluating the relative efficiency of DMUs. Recently, a number of DEA based studies have evaluated the efficiency of various types of companies, such as internet companies and venture companies. It has been also applied to corporate credit ratings. In this study we utilized DEA for sorting venture companies by efficiency based ratings. The Support Vector Machine(SVM), on the other hand, is a popular technique for solving data classification problems. In this paper, we employed SVM to classify the efficiency ratings in IT venture companies according to the results of DEA. The SVM method was first developed by Vapnik (1995). As one of many machine learning techniques, SVM is based on a statistical theory. Thus far, the method has shown good performances especially in generalizing capacity in classification tasks, resulting in numerous applications in many areas of business, SVM is basically the algorithm that finds the maximum margin hyperplane, which is the maximum separation between classes. According to this method, support vectors are the closest to the maximum margin hyperplane. If it is impossible to classify, we can use the kernel function. In the case of nonlinear class boundaries, we can transform the inputs into a high-dimensional feature space, This is the original input space and is mapped into a high-dimensional dot-product space. Many studies applied SVM to the prediction of bankruptcy, the forecast a financial time series, and the problem of estimating credit rating, In this study we employed SVM for developing data mining-based efficiency prediction model. We used the Gaussian radial function as a kernel function of SVM. In multi-class SVM, we adopted one-against-one approach between binary classification method and two all-together methods, proposed by Weston and Watkins(1999) and Crammer and Singer(2000), respectively. In this research, we used corporate information of 154 companies listed on KOSDAQ market in Korea exchange. We obtained companies' financial information of 2005 from the KIS(Korea Information Service, Inc.). Using this data, we made multi-class rating with DEA efficiency and built multi-class prediction model based data mining. Among three manners of multi-classification, the hit ratio of the Weston and Watkins method is the best in the test data set. In multi classification problems as efficiency ratings of venture business, it is very useful for investors to know the class with errors, one class difference, when it is difficult to find out the accurate class in the actual market. So we presented accuracy results within 1-class errors, and the Weston and Watkins method showed 85.7% accuracy in our test samples. We conclude that the DEA based multi-class approach in venture business generates more information than the binary classification problem, notwithstanding its efficiency level. We believe this model can help investors in decision making as it provides a reliably tool to evaluate venture companies in the financial domain. For the future research, we perceive the need to enhance such areas as the variable selection process, the parameter selection of kernel function, the generalization, and the sample size of multi-class.

A Study on Rural Landscape Planning Based on Rural Village Landscape - A Case Study on Yacksan at Wando - (농촌 마을경관을 고려한 지역경관계획 수립 방안 연구 - 완도군 약산권역을 사례로 -)

  • Kim, Seong-Hak;Yang, Byoung-E
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.37 no.3
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    • pp.82-90
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    • 2009
  • The aim of this study is to identify the spatial foundation units required to execute a rural village landscape plan. Though there have been various previous studies on spatial foundation units for rural space and landscape elements, they are limited in clarifying the landscape identity of a rural village unit in creating a feasible a rural village landscape plan. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the natural spatial features of a rural village and then establish a landscape identity for each space by exploring the landscape elements for each rural village unit set as the basic unit. Accordingly, the basic spatial unit was analyzed through a 1:5000 scale mapping by applying geomancy theory to the spatial landscape unit in a naturally generated rural village. The spatial limitations for a rural village landscape were set based on the analysis. Afterwards, a field study on the feasibility of whether or not setting a space as the basic unit for landscape could have a sense of identity as a single landscape unit for verification was processed, and the spatial limitations for the landscape were adjusted. Moreover, landscape elements were investigated by classifying landscape resources based on rural amenity resources which have been diversely researched in terms of the set spatial boundaries, and the sense of identity for each landscape foundation unit was looked into. While the numerous preceding studies focused on exploring the rural landscape value and findingout the sense of identity on landscape elements, it is high time for feasible and applicable studies in conducting region-specific landscape plans. In particular, similar outcomes from all landscape plans, even those with the same purpose established in various regions, is not a desirable outcome. Therefore, a basic framework is needed to discover the landscape identity generated by each plan in a rural area space. In this sense, this study is significant in that itcan be utilized to establish spatial identity of each region and landscape features of each rural village, and come up with realistic alternatives in landscape plans for each region by exploring the landscape identity in each specific space divided per watershed in a single zone.

Corrosion Characteristics of Excavated Bronze Artifacts According to Corrosion Environment (부식 환경에 따른 출토 청동 유물의 부식 특성)

  • Jang, Junhyuk;Bae, Gowoon;Chung, Kwangyong
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.53 no.1
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    • pp.24-33
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    • 2020
  • In excavated bronze artifacts, corrosion products of various shapes and colors are observed due to multiple corrosion factors coexisting in the burial environment, and these corrosion products can constitute important data not only in terms of long-term corrosion-related information, but also in connection with preservation of artifacts. As such, scientific analysis is being carried out on the corrosion layer and corrosion products of bronze artifacts, and the corrosion mechanism and the characteristics of corrosion products elucidated, which is essential for interpreting the exposed burial environment and its association with corrosion factors inside the burial environment. In this study, after classifying excavated bronze artifacts according to alloy ratio and fabrication technique, comprehensive analysis of the surface of corrosion artifacts, corrosion layer, and corrosion products was carried out to investigate the corrosion mechanism, formation process of the corrosion layer, and characteristics of corrosion products. The study designated two groups according to alloy ratio and fabrication technique. In Group 1, which involved a Cu-Sn-Pb alloy and had no heat treatment, the surface was rough and external corrosion layers were formed on a part, or both sides, of the inside and the outside, and the surface was observed as being green or blue. α+δ phase selection corrosion was found in the metal and some were found to be concentrated in an empty space with a purity of 95 percent or more after α+δ phase corrosion. The Cu-Sn alloy and heat-treated Group 2 formed a smooth surface with no external corrosion layer, and a dark yellow surface was observed. In addition, no external corrosion layer was observed, unlike Group 1, and α corrosion was found inside the metal. In conclusion, it can be seen that the bronze artifacts excavated from the same site differ in various aspects, including the formation of the corrosion layer, the shape and color of the corrosion products, and the metal ion migration path, depending on the alloy ratio and fabrication technique. They also exhibited different corrosion characteristics in the same material, which means that different forms of corrosion can occur depending on the exposure environment in the burial setting. Therefore, even bronze artifacts excavated from the same site will have different corrosion characteristics depending on alloy ratio, fabrication technique, and exposure environment. The study shows one aspect of corrosion characteristics in specific areas and objects; further study of corrosion mechanisms in accordance with burial conditions will be required through analysis of the corrosive layer and corrosive product characteristics of bronze artifacts from various regions.

Land Cover Classification of Coastal Area by SAM from Airborne Hyperspectral Images (항공 초분광 영상으로부터 연안지역의 SAM 토지피복분류)

  • LEE, Jin-Duk;BANG, Kon-Joon;KIM, Hyun-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.35-45
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    • 2018
  • Image data collected by an airborne hyperspectral camera system have a great usability in coastal line mapping, detection of facilities composed of specific materials, detailed land use analysis, change monitoring and so forh in a complex coastal area because the system provides almost complete spectral and spatial information for each image pixel of tens to hundreds of spectral bands. A few approaches after classifying by a few approaches based on SAM(Spectral Angle Mapper) supervised classification were applied for extracting optimal land cover information from hyperspectral images acquired by CASI-1500 airborne hyperspectral camera on the object of a coastal area which includes both land and sea water areas. We applied three different approaches, that is to say firstly the classification approach of combined land and sea areas, secondly the reclassification approach after decompostion of land and sea areas from classification result of combined land and sea areas, and thirdly the land area-only classification approach using atmospheric correction images and compared classification results and accuracies. Land cover classification was conducted respectively by selecting not only four band images with the same wavelength range as IKONOS, QuickBird, KOMPSAT and GeoEye satelllite images but also eight band images with the same wavelength range as WorldView-2 from 48 band hyperspectral images and then compared with the classification result conducted with all of 48 band images. As a result, the reclassification approach after decompostion of land and sea areas from classification result of combined land and sea areas is more effective than classification approach of combined land and sea areas. It is showed the bigger the number of bands, the higher accuracy and reliability in the reclassification approach referred above. The results of higher spectral resolution showed asphalt or concrete roads was able to be classified more accurately.