• 제목/요약/키워드: class level

검색결과 2,811건 처리시간 0.028초

무공해식품의 구매의사결정에 관한 연구 (A Study on Decision-Making Processes of Organic Foods)

  • 남궁석
    • 한국식생활문화학회지
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    • 제9권4호
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    • pp.379-394
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    • 1994
  • 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 무공해식품의 구매동기로는 건강상의 이유(4.43/5점)가 가장 높았으며, 그 다음으로 영양가의 이유(4.01), 맛의 이유(3.39)의 순으로 나타나 무공해식품이 지닌 장점이 곧 소비자의 구매동기로 작용하고 있었다. 2. 첫번째의 무공해식품의 주정보원은 TV 라디오(65.1%)이었으며, 2위는 신문과 잡지(35.4%), 3위는 가족 친구 친지의 조언 상담(26.1%)으로 나타나 매스컴은 주요한 무공해식품의 정보원으로 활용되고 있었다. 3. 무공해식품의 구매시 전반적 고려정도(3.97/5점)가 상당히 높았고, 7가지 고려사항이 모두 높게 나타나 이 7가지 사항이 평가기준으로 활용되고 있었으며, 특히 위생상태와 신선도(4.37/5점), 영양가(4.13), 안전성(3.99)을 상당히 고려하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 무공해식품의 의견선도자는 매스컴(53.5%)이었으며, 구매시 자녀(50.6%)와 남편(34.3%)을 고려하여 구매하는 경향이었다. 4. 첫번째로 이용하는 구매장소는 슈퍼마켓(67.9%)이었으며 두번째의 장소로는 백화점(42.1%), 세번째로는 시장(35.5%) 및 인근가게(27.0%)로 나타났다. 또한 구매시 전반적 확인정도는 높았으며, 확인사항으로는 유통 보존기한(4.63)과 제조일자(4.59), 포장의 손상여부(4.47)는 반드시 확인하고 구입하는 경향이었으나, 제조회사명(3.83)을 확인하는 경우가 다소 낮았으며, 환경마크 및 품질보증표(3.91)와 식품첨가물(3.96)도 확인하는 경향이 높았다. 5. 구매 후 전반적 불만족도는 그다지 높지는 않았으나, 가격(4.03), 제품함량 부족(3.61), 성분과 제조날짜의 표시 미기재 및 불명확(3.45, 3.23)에 대해서 다소불만족한 것으로 나타났다. 6. 무공해식품의 전반적 고려정도와 확인정도에 영향력을 미치는 가장 큰 변수는 무공해식품에 대한 관심도이었으며 그 다음으로는 주택유형이었다. 또한 전반적 불만족도에 가장 큰 영향 변수로는 소득으로 나타났으며, 그 다음으로도 주택유형으로 나타났다. 즉 무공해식품의 관심도가 많고 아파트에 거주하는 집단에서 무공해식품의 구매시 고려정도와 확인정도가 높으며, 소득이 많고 아파트에 거주하는 집단에서 무공해식품에 대한 전반적 불만족도가 높았다.

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지방자치단체의 재난안전 관리에 대한 주민 인식태도 연구 - 충청북도 지역을 중심으로 - (Study on Recognition Attitudes of Residents on Safety Management against Disasters of Local Governments: Focused on Chungcheongbuk-do)

  • 이상열;남재성
    • 시큐리티연구
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    • 제58호
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    • pp.81-106
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    • 2019
  • 재난안전의 가장 중요한 주체 중 하나인 지방자치단체의 관리 및 대응역량은 지역주민의 삶과 직결될 수 있는 중요성을 갖는다. 따라서 이 연구는 충청북도를 중심으로 실증연구를 통해 지역주민들이 인식하고 있는 지방자치단체의 재난안전 관리체계와 대응역량을 평가하고 이를 통해 향후 자치단체들이 주민들의 안전도 향상과 효과적인 재난안전 관리 체계 구축을 위해 검토해야 할 정책 추진방향 등에 대하여 살펴보았다. 연구결과, 첫째, 재난안전에 대한 위험 인식에 있어 자연재난의 발생 가능성에 대한 위험 인식이 사회재난이나 안전사고 보다 높게 나타나고 있다. 둘째, 재난안전 관리 영역의 중요도에 있어서도 자연재난의 영역을 더욱 크게 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 지방자치단체의 재난안전 관리 업무 중 기본적 업무 수행에 대해서는 평균 이상의 만족도를 보였지만 각 단계별 업무 수행 중 위험요소의 점검 및 전달, 단기적 복구체계는 상대적으로 낮게 나타났다. 넷째, 재난안전 관리를 위한 지방자치단체의 역량에 대해서는 담당부서의 역량과 전문성에 대해서는 긍정적으로 평가하고 있지만, 안전 관련 조직의 규모나 예산에 대해서는 상대적으로 낮게 평가하고 있었다. 다섯째, 재난안전을 위해 지방자치단체가 추진해야 할 정책방향으로는 교육 및 체험 등의 정규교육 강화, 지역주민 대상 교육 확대, 시설 및 재원의 지원 강화, 주민참여 운동의 활성화, 소방 및 치안 분야 장비 및 처우개선, 수시 순찰 관리 및 감시, 재난 대비 훈련을 확대해야 한다는 의견이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 지방자치단체의 재난안전 관리체계를 강화하여 효과적인 대응체계를 구축하기 위해서는 재난안전 취약계층에 대한 지원 프로그램 확대, 지역친화형 재난안전체계 구축, 주민 참여형 협력체계 확대, 경찰이나 소방 등 안전 관련 기관과의 협력 및 지원체계 강화가 필요할 것이다.

일부지역 고등학생의 성교육 실태와 성경험에 따른 성교육 요구도 조사 (On Investigation of Status of Sex Education and Sex Education Needs of High School Students by Their Sexual Experience)

  • 이선숙;조순자;신연순;최인숙;이덕원
    • 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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    • 제5권
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    • pp.85-105
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    • 2004
  • The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for practical and concrete program development, which can give students satisfaction in sex education. To achieve this purpose, an actual status of sex education for high school student and their sexual experience were investigated. And then tried to find out if there is difference of satisfaction in sex education and contents that they want to learn based on having sexual experience or not. For this study, a questionnaire of sexual awareness was conducted on 562 students among first graders and second graders of high school located in Kongju city, from on October 4th, 2004 to on October 15th. But only 550 answer sheets among 562 were analyzed, for 12 answer sheets were not proper enough to apply to this study. The collected data was computerized using SPSS WIN in frequency and percentage for actual condition of sex education and sexual experience and for satisfaction at the result of sex education based on having sexual experience or not. And then the $x^2$-test was verify the difference. The requirement for sex education, based on having sexual experience or not, was analyzed using t-test by computerizing the average and standard deviation. The conclusion of this study are as followings; 1. 93.8% students have ever been taught for sex education by teachers, but nursing teacher among them was the higher percentage than any other teachers. They took courses for sex education in discretion class, and the teaching method was a kind of lecture. 2. After taking sex education, 37.6% students said that it was boring, for they had already known the contents of the courses, and 43.8% students said that they acquired sex knowledge through the Internet and mass media. 3. It was highest percentage that 36.9% students had no agony about sex. The most serious worry was a sexual impulse and the sexual psychology of the opposite sex. To solve these worries, 61.6% students said that they consulted with their friends. 4. It showed that 89.9% male students and 71.6% female students had experiences various lascivious materials, 81.4% male students, 7.2 female students experienced masturbation, 52.7% female student and 44.8% male students experienced kissing or hugging, and 13.7% male students and 9.9% female students experienced sexual intercourse. 5. The satisfaction for sex education based on having sexual experience or not was different. In short, it showed that the students who experienced sexual experiences such as accessing to lascivious materials, kissing, hugging, and sexual intercourse except masturbation thought that sex education was important than the students who didn't experience sexual experiences. On the other hand, the students who didn't experience sexual experiences were more satisfied with the contents and level of sex education than the students who experienced sexual experiences. 6. The requirement for sex education based on having sexual experience or not was also different. The students who experienced sexual experiences wanted to learn an acquaintance with the other sex than the others. On the other hand, the students who didn't experience sexual experience wanted to learn friendship and love. The students who experienced sexual experience except masturbation was more desirable for taking sex education than the other students. In conclusion, it is fully required that sex education should be regular subject in school and teachers who are charge of sex education should be experts in this field, for only expert can teach systematic and adequate sex knowledge to students. In addition, it is also essential to understand contents of sex education which can be satisfactory for students' requirement. So we should develop concrete and practical programs for sex education.

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임상실습교육의 교수효율성과 임상실습만족도에 관한 상관성 연구 (대구지역을 중심으로) (A study on correlation of teaching efficiency and satisfaction of clinical training in Daegu)

  • 김정숙;정영해
    • 대한치과기공학회지
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.121-142
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    • 2006
  • Collecting materials for study on teaching efficiency and satisfaction of clinical training, it changes. Dental technology's educational procedure to many ways of a prospect. In a circumstance that needed higher level of education, this study is aimed on realizing an importance of clinical training through the various materials that previously carried out and offering basic knowledge to take better clinical training for the students. Study results below 1. This Investigation conducted on 123 of sophomores(70.3%) and 52 of juniors(29.7%) who have been taken clinical training, and men's proportion(51.45%)is a bit higher than girls(48.6%). The 64% of respondents taken largest proportion were 20 to 24 years old. As 67.9% of respondents attended daytime school and 30.3% of them attended nighttime one, their school time shows a little difference. In a question about relation ship, one answered "Harmonious" took largest proportion by 72.6% during training, and about the degree of satisfaction of campus life who answered "normal" were the most with 59.4%. 2. About the reason choosing dental technology as a major, 41.1% taken the most answered "due to the specialized job", "Getting job easily" was second with 26.9%, and third was "recommended from around" with 18.3%. 50.3% of the respondents answered "normal" about the Satisfaction of their major, student marked in grade "B" most with 51.4% 3. In a investigation result about clinical training statues and preference, most(72.6%) choose place less than 10 for clinical training, and 60.6% of them resided own home. About their commuting time from home to training place, 44% was under 30min, 40% took time 30-60min. It shows students prefer shotter distance in terms of choosing training place. 4. Each part manager took large proportion as a clinical trainer with 33.7%, Training curriculum reform and developing method were most answer as a improvement measure after completing training with 30%. 5. The average of total score about clinical training was 3.15 of 5. In the detailed question, 'satisfaction of clinical training' got 3.38 as a highest score, the lowest score was 2.86 that is about satisfaction of clinical training period. The average score about efficiency of study was 2.86 and in detailed question, 'a Role model' got 3.26 as a highest score and participation of student got 3.05 as a lowest score. 6. The result of T-test to see the difference of the satisfaction according to the general character and clinic training condition between teaching efficiency is that the degree of satisfaction of clinical training showed statistical significance only in the degree of satisfaction of campus life(p<0.05), and teaching efficiency has a statistical significance with their age, grade, and satisfaction of campus life (p<0.05). 7. The relation between of teaching efficiency of clinical training and satisfaction of clinical training of dental technologic student has a statistical meaning in significance leveler 0.01. Now, therefore we suggest following based on these result. 1. To elevate satisfaction of clinical training, it agentry needs development of consistent clinical training curriculum. 2. To grasp the satisfaction and requirement, in needs to measure anxiousness and satisfactory degree after completing training 3. To train efficiently and evaluate efficiency over the teaching activities, it needs to develop measuring tools for teaching efficiency in terms of teacher's important rules in a clinical training. 4. Strengthen the relations with the study developing and managing curriculum gathering theoretical knowledge and practice. And make an effort to apply to their students. 5. Let the trainee take a class setting a belief, sense of value, function and obtain behavior by making the students comfort over clinical training as increasing teaching efficiency.

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성교육 실시에 따른 성지식, 성태도 변화 연구 -1학년 여중생을 대상으로- (The Study on Change in Sex-Related Knowledge and Attitude through Sex Education : focusing on the 1st grade students in girls' junior high schools)

  • 계수연;문인옥
    • 보건교육건강증진학회지
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.137-155
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    • 1999
  • The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of sex education on knowledge and attitude related to sex. The subjects were taken from by 199 students in 3 classes from 1st grade in H girl's junior high school as the study group, and 2 classes from 1st grade in S girl's junior high school as control group. During the survey period(September 21, 1998 to September 30, 1998), 6 times in terms of one-hour class for sex education were taught to the study group. A pre-test was executed on September 19, 1998 and the post-test on September 30. The findings were as follows. 1. According to the research, 20.1% of the subjects have experienced sex education from parents and 89.9% from teacher. They have mostly obtained the sex-related information from teachers(59.8%), following movie, radio, TV, or video tape(40.7%), friends(35.2%), reading materials such as books, cartoons, news papers and magazines(31.7%), parents(15.6%), siblings(7.0%), PC(1.5%) and telephone service(1.5%). 2. 27.1% of the subjects reported that they had sex-related worry concerning from friendship with the opposite sex, following physiological phenomenon(31.5%), sex violence(11.1%), physical characteristics(7.4%), VD and contraception(5.6%), sexual impulse(5.6%), pregnancy and delivery(5.5%), and sexual behaviour(3.7%). The research showed that the adolescents usually solved their problems through the consultation with theifriends(44.4%). However, 16.7% of the subjects were turned out not to request any solution. The other minor routes to settle their problems were written materials such as books, magazines(13.0%), parents(13.0%), movie, radio, TV, or video tape(5.5%), acquainted female elders(3.7%) and teachers(3.7%). 3. The most interesting part regarding sex was the friendship with the opposite sex(61.8%), following adolescent's emotion(55.8%), physiological differences between two genders(52.8%), AIDS(48.7%), VD(46.7%), pregnancy(45.2%), contraception(45.2%), abortion(41.7%), intercourse(41.7%), masturbation(41.2%), sex violence(41.2%) and genital structure and secondary sexual characteristics(28.6%). 4. In regard to characteristics of the subjects influencing sex-related knowledge, the higher educational career of mother, living with at least either parent and the experience of sex education by teachers were statistically significant factors(p〈0.05). 5. In regard to characteristics of the subjects influencing attitudes toward sex, the experience of sex education by parents or teachers was a statistically significant factor(p〈0.05). 6. The analysis of knowledge score comparing results before and after sex education showed that control group's score decreased from 12.5 to 12.44 while the study group's score increased from 12.33 to 21.31, which was statistically significant(p〈0.001). 7. The analysis of the attitude scores before and after sex education showed that the control group's score slightly increased from 55.57 to 56.36, while the study group's score increased from 54.79 to 61.95, which was statistically significant(p〈0.001). 8. The level of sex-related concerns of the study group after sex education marked both the increase in some items and the decrease in others. 9. Most instructive session among the sex education was the third “to be a good friend to the opposite sex”(27.0%).

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벨지움의 중등학교 지리교육 내용과 교사양성제도 - 프랑코폰 공동체를 사례로 - (The Secondary School Education of Geography and the System of Teacher Training in Belgium - Focused on the Case of Francophone Community -)

  • 곽철홍
    • 한국지역지리학회지
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    • 제6권3호
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    • pp.101-115
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    • 2000
  • 본 연구는 벨지움의 프랑코폰 공동체를 사례로 중등학교 지리교육의 내용과 교사양성의 실태를 일반 교육체제의 범주에서 고찰하였다. 중등학교 제1단계에서는 주당 2시간씩 환경교육을 학습하는 데 그 내용은 생활주변의 지리적 지식을 관찰 정리하는 것이고, 제2단계에서는 주당 1시간씩 세계지리를 학습하며 특히 유럽과 러시아에 큰 비중을 둔다. 제3단계에서는 자연지리와 인문지리를 계통적으로 학습한다. 교실수업에서 사용하는 공식적인 교과서는 없고 교사가 텍스트를 준비하여 학습에 임하고 있으며 학생 중심의 탐구식 수업이 보편적으로 이루어지고 있다. 하급중등교사는 교육전문학교에서 복수전공교사로 양성되는데 지리교사는 생물 화학 지리교사 또는 역사 사회 지리교사의 유형으로 양성되며, 상급중등교사는 종합대학의 교직과정부에서 단일전공교사로 양성된다. 중등학교 현직교사를 공식적인 실습지도교사로 임용하고 교생들의 책임수업과 평가를 합리적으로 관리하는 등 교육실습이 효과적으로 이루어지고 있으며, 학과 교수들은 교사자격 취득을 위한 심사에서 합격기준을 강화함으로써 교사의 질적 향상에 크게 기여하는 것으로 생각된다. 이러한 내용들의 상당 부분은 우리나라의 지리교육과 교사양성에서 참고할 가치가 있다고 생각한다.

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서울 북부지역 유통 농산물의 농약 잔류실태 (Monitoring of pesticide residues in commercial agricultural products in the northern area of Seoul, Korea)

  • 한성희;박성규;김욱희;최영희;승현정;이영주;정희정;김윤희;유인실;김유경;한기영;채영주
    • 농약과학회지
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.109-120
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    • 2012
  • 본 연구는 2011년 서울 북부지역에서 유통되고 있는 농산물 2,914건을 대상으로 GC, HPLC, GC-MSD 및 LC-MSD을 이용한 다종농약다성분분석법에 따라 284종 대한 잔류농약 실태를 조사하였다. 농산물 중 431건에서 농약이 검출되어 14.8%의 검출률을 나타냈으며, 농약 검출빈도가 높은 농산물은 들깻잎 40.0%(28/70), 참나물 35.5%(11/31), 비름나물 30.0%(3/10), 시금치 27.7%(38/137) 순이었다. 이 중 농약잔류허용기준을 초과한 농산물은 31건으로 부적합률은 1.0% 였으며 인삼 6건(19.4%), 들깻잎, 부추 각각 4건(12.9%), 파, 돌나물 각각 3건(9.7%), 시금치, 상추 각각 1건(3.2%)등이었다. 분석대상 농약 284종 중에서 검출된 농약 성분은 59종으로 이 중 잔류허용기준을 초과한 농약은 21종이었다. 농약의 용도별 분포를 보면 살균제(56.4%)가 살충제(42.1%)에 비해 검출빈도가 높았다. Procymidone의 검출빈도가 가장 높았고 이 중 잔류허용기준을 초과한 농약은 tolclofos-methyl, endosulfan, dimethomorph, diniconazole, fludioxonil이였다. 판매점별 분포를 살펴보면 유통되는 농산물의 잔류농약 검출률은 직거래 장터가, 잔류농약기준 초과률은 전통시장이 가장 높았다. 배추에서 검출된 각 농약의 안전성 평가를 위한 PADI 대비 식이섭취율은 diazinon에서 2.9901 %로 가장 높게 나타났고 다른 모든 농약도 3.0% 미만으로 나타나 모두 PADI 대비 위해도가 낮은 것으로 확인되어 안전한 것으로 나타났다.

잡종세포종기법을 이용한 대장균의 장독소 측정법 개발 (Development of Assay Methods for Enterotoxin of Escherichia coli Employing the Hybridoma Technology)

  • 김문교;조명제;박경희;이우곤;김윤원;최명식;박중수;차창용;장우현;정홍근
    • 대한미생물학회지
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.151-161
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    • 1986
  • In order to develop sensitive and sepcific assay methods for E. coli heat labile enterotoxin(LT) hybridoma cell lines secreting LT specific monoclonal antibody were obtained. LT was purified from cell lysate of E. coli O15H11. The steps included disruption of bacteria by French pressure, DEAE Sephacel ion exchange chromatography, Sephadex G200 gel filtration, and second DEAE Sephacel ion exchange chromatography, successively. Spleen cells from Balb/c mice immunized with the purified LT and $HGPRT^{(-)}$ plasmacytomas, $P3{\times}63Ag8.V653$ were mixed and fused by 50% (w/v) PEG. Hybrid cells were grown in 308 wells out of 360 wells, and 13 wells out of them secreted antibodies reacting to LT. Among these hybridoma cell 1G8-1D1 cell line was selected since it had produced high-titered monoclonal antibody continuously. By using culture supernatant and ascites from 1G8-1D1 cells the monoclonal antibody was characterized, and an assay system for detecting enterotoxigenic E. coli was established by double sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The following results were obtained. 1. Antibody titers of culture supernatant and ascites from 1G8-1D1 hybridoma cells were 512, and 102, 400, respectively by GM1-ELISA and its immunoglobulin class was IgM. 2. The maximum absorption ratio of 1G8-1D1 cell culture supernatant to LT was 90% at $300\;{\mu}g/ml$ of LT concentration. LT concentration shown at 50% absorption ratio was $103.45{\mu}g$ and the absorption ratio was decreased with tile reduction of LT concentration. This result suggests that monoclonal antibody from 1G8-1D1 hybridoma cell bound with LT specifically. 3. The reactivities of 1G8-1D1 cell culture supernatant to LT and V. cholerae enterotoxin(CT) were 0.886 and 0.142(O.D. at 492nm) measured by the GM1-ELISA, indicating 1G8-1D1 monoclonal antibody reacted specifically with LT but not with CT. 4. The addition of 0.1ml of ascites to 0.6mg and 0.12mg of LT decreased the vascular permeability factor to 41% and 44% respectively, but it did not completely neutralize LT. 5. By double sandwich ELISA using monoclonal antibody, as little as 75ng of the purified LT per ml could be detected. 6. The results by assay of detecting LT in culture supernatants of 14 wild strains E. coli isolated from diarrhea patients by the double sandwich ELISA were almost the same level as those by reverse passive latex agglutination.

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KAIST 조기진학을 위해 초고속 속진학습을 받은 과학영재들의 성취정도와 효과에 대한 종단연구 (A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF THE ACHIEVEMENT AND EFFECTS OF THE SCIENTIFICALLY GIFTED STUDENTS WHO HAVE TAKEN A ULTRA HIGH SPEED ACCELERATED EDUCATION FOR THE EARLY ENTRANCE OF KAIST)

  • 육근철;문정화
    • 영재교육연구
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.1-18
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    • 2004
  • 본 연구는 1986년도에 한국과학기술대학 조기진학을 위해 1학년 과학영재들에게 초고속 속진학습을 동년 4월 1일부터 9월 26일까지 약 170여 일 동안 791 시간의 특별 프로그램을 투여하고 9월 입학시험에 응시한 8명의 대상자 중 설문에 응답한 6명의 학생들을 대상으로 하였다. 본 연구에서는 조기진학 특별 프로그램을 받은 과학영재들이 지난 17년 동안 어떤 과정을 거쳐 현재에 와 있는지를 알아보고, 17년 후 현재의 성취 정도를 파악하며, 자신이 받은 속진학습에 대해서 어떻게 평가하고 있는지에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 또한 그들은 자신의 성취의 요인을 무엇으로 보는지에 대해 알아보고, 이를 통하여 고교 과학영재의 초고속 속진학습의 가능성을 확인해보고 앞으로의 과학영재교육의 방향을 모색하고자 한다. 연구 결과 3명은 박사학위를 받고 연구소의 연구원, 교수로 성취하였고 나머지 3명은 석사학위를 받은 후 연구소의 연구원으로 근무하고 있었다. 이들의 연구업적은 분야에 따라 편차가 크나 연구업적이 큰 3명의 경우에는 25-28세에 SCI급 국제 저널에 논문을 낼 정도로 성취하였다. 특히 두 사람의 경우는 삼성그룹 기술논문경진대회 기게 화학분야 최우수상 수상, 국내 최초 IMT2000 상용 모뎀 칩 개발 등 두드러진 성과를 거두기도 하였다. 또한 한 명은 하버드 대학으로 대학을 옮겨 물리학을 전공하고, UCLA에서 법학을 전공하여 법대교수로 재직하고 있다. 자신이 받은 초고속 속진학습에 대한 평가에서 김덕영은 선행연구에서 고교과정 2년을 단축하는 특별 프로그램 운영은 필요한 것이고, 학습 성취는 물론 정서적 적응상태의 확인을 통해서 초고속 속진학습이 성공적이라고 주장하였다. 그러나 17년이 지난 지금 연구 대상자들의 반응은 긍정적인 면 보다는 부정적 시각이 많았다. 특히 조기진학을 위한 특별프로그램 참여자 중에서 첫 해에 합격한 학생들은 프로그램 참여가 자신감을 비롯한 인생에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다고 생각하나 불 합격생은 부정적인 영향을 미쳤다고 여기고 그 중에 한 명은 지금까지도 많이 후회하고 있다고 언급했다. 따라서 세심한 판별과정을 거쳐 능력 있는 과학영재를 조기에 발굴하여 체계적으로 속진교육을 한다면 과학영재들의 성취를 위해서 초고속 속진학습이 아닌 한속진학습은 반드시 필요하다. 앞으로 17년이 지난 후에 이들 과학영재들에 관한 종단연구는 다시 진행될 것이다.

한국인 혼인행태 변화분석 (Analysis on Change in Korean Marriage Behaviors)

  • 이삼식
    • 한국인구학
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.84-110
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    • 1993
  • This study aims at identifying the recent change in marriage behaviors in Korea. The data used here is the vital statistics compiled from the vital registration system of which registration form is put on one from together with the civil registration form. According to the results of this analysis, since 1970 the number of marriages has steadily increased from about 300, 000 in the former of 1970s to about 400, 000 in the latter of 1980s, appproximately coincided with the change in population size at the marriageable age span. The few exceptions that can be seen in the 1970s seem to result from the impact of social upheavals during 1950s; since the birth cohorts affected by the low fertility during the Korean war and the post-war baby-boom generations chracterized by the high fertility entered the marriage market in the 1970s. However, the marriage rate shows a little increase from around 7 in the former of 1970s to around 9 in the latter of 1980s, indicating that the marriage prevalence has been more or less inconsiderably changed during this period. It is also found that the proportion of remarriage to the total marriages has increased to around 10 per cent in 1989, while decreasing that of first marriage. This fact can be attributable to the higher prevalence of divorces and the collapsing of the Confucianism ethic which contributed to expediting the remarriage of widows. Although this proportion is insignificant compared with that of the of more developed countries, it is not difficult to say that the proportion of remarriages will continue to increase in future. The age first at first marriage(AFM) which directly affects the span exposed to the risks pregnancy has increased to the age about 28 for male and about 25 for female in recent years. However, big difference in AFM between urban and rural areas has narrowed, resultant from the increasing involuntary postponement of marriage of rural young population who have met difficulties in seeking their bride or bridegroom in rural areas characterized by the heavy out-migration of young, particularly female, population. The present study shows the reverse relationship between AFM and educational attainment; i.e, the higher the educational attainment the lower the AFM. The conditions which are taken into considerations were the class and the family in the past time but which are, educational attainment, job and personal characteristics. With regard to the age condition, in recent years the male prefers the female younger than himself on the average by 3 years and vice versa, which is reduced form 4-5 years in beginning of 1970s. The age difference bride and bridegroom tends to decrease with the educational attainment increase. This may be attributable to the fact that the persons with the higher educational attainment prefer the love marriage and hence are more likely to choose their counterparts in the about same age. The education condition is characterized by the bridegroom having the higher educational level than bride. It is also significant to note that the proportion of love marriage has increased, whereas that of traditional arranged marriage has decreased. This is true in the urban areas than the rural areas, indicating that rights as well as responsibilities for marriage have been handed over the young population from their parents. In conclusion, the change in the marriage behaviors in Korea are characterized by increasing tendency for the postponement of first marriage, higher prevalences of divorces and a result remarriages, increase of love marriages, narrowing age difference between bride and bridegroom, etc. which are the main results of rapid industrization, increase in educational and economic activity opportunities and change in the ideals of marriages during the past decades. These phenomena prevailing in Korean society would affect not only the family structure that will become less proliferiated but the population size and structure. The most important is that the changes in marriage behaviors of Koreans and their impact on the society with respect to norms, values, morals, of individual and family in the social aspect, change in population size and structure in the demograpic aspects, and economic development in the economic aspects should be integrated into the plannings towards to the future.

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