• 호남수학학술지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.275-296
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• 2017

All rings considered here are commutative rings with identity and all modules considered here are unital left modules. A submodule N of an R-module M is said to be extended to M if $N=aM$ for some ideal a of R and it is said to be fully invariant if ${\varphi}(L){\subseteq}L$ for every ${\varphi}{\in}End(M)$. An R-module M is called a [resp., fully invariant] multiplication module if every [resp., fully invariant] submodule is extended to M. The class of fully invariant multiplication modules is bigger than the class of multiplication modules. We deal with prime submodules and associated prime submodules of fully invariant multiplication modules. In particular, when M is a nonzero faithful multiplication module over a Noetherian ring, we characterize the zero-divisors of M in terms of the associated prime submodules, and we show that the set Aps(M) of associated prime submodules of M determines the set $Zdv_M(M)$ of zero-dvisors of M and the support Supp(M) of M.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.19-32
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• 2014

The sewing machine was the most widely-advertised item in mid-Victorian English periodicals. However, no historians have so far analyzed how English advertisers created the link between the domestic sewing machine and middle-class women, or what impact they may have had on gender relations. This paper treats sewing machines as a medium to enhance our view of gender and social history, consumer culture as well as material culture studies. Studying the advertisements of sewing machines reveals the traditional values and modern consumer culture of mid-nineteenth England, and also offers a sense for how advertisers expected people to react. Sewing machines could not only offer women aspiration and authority, but could also function as a timesaver through which a woman could attain a truly modern lifestyle. Buying a sewing machine for their wives symbolized their status as a breadwinner and a caring husband, as well as serving as an appreciation of their wives' domesticity. Sewing machines also provoked anxiety for both sexes because some believed that women would lose their morality and gender identity, whereas others believed that if relieved of domestic drudgery women would have time to educate themselves, which threatened to men and the gender hierarchy.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제28권3C호
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• pp.315-326
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• 2003

본 논문은 분류 벡터 양자화(CVQ)기법을 이용한 통신 시스템에서 채널 오류를 감소시키기 위한 인덱스벡터할당 방식을 다루고 있다. 제안된 시스템은 크게 내부 인덱스 할당방식(IIA inner index assignment)과 교차인덱스 할당방식(CIA : cross index assignment)으로 구성된다. IIA는 부(Sub)코드북 내에서 유사한 코드벡터들에 Hamming거리가 가까운 인덱스들을 할당함으로써 채널에러에 의해 발생된 화질저하를 감소시킨다. CIA는 인덱스 벡터의 클래스 정보를 나타내는 클래스 비트에 발생하는 채널 오류의 영향을 최소화할 수 있는 방법으로서 IIA에 의해 할당된 인덱스 벡터들을 수정한다. 본 논문에서 실시된 컴퓨터 모의실험은 제안된 시스템이 채널 부호화기법을 사용하지 않고도 채널 잡음을 극복할 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.50-59
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• 2004

The environment subject has been introduced to the national curriculum in 1992 in order to overcome serious environmental problems. As using environmental issues in a class, the environment teachers inevitably face some conflicts associated with their role. By applying the questionnaire survey to 192 environment teachers, this study was conducted to understand their attitude and awareness of teacher role in the issue-based classes. The results showed that the majority(92.2%) of the participants had willingness to share their opinion on the issues under consideration with their students. This result implied that environment teachers maintain a position considerably different from the position (value-free and fair) that has been favored and suggested by previous research. This discrepancy may has been related to the unique history and identity of the environment subject in Korea. Despite their high level of willingness, the environment teachers also seemed to experience several barriers to managing issue-based classes effective such as time management, low students interest, and limited teaching materials. To make environmental issue-based classes interesting and meaningful, additional efforts are need to develop issue-based teaching modules and provide both teachers and teacher students with opportunities for learning those modules and teaching strategies.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.265-274
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• 2008

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are multifunctional proteins encoded by a large gene family divided into Phi, Tau, Theta, Zeta, Lambda and DHAR classes on the basis of sequence identity. The Phi(F) and Tau(U) classes are plant-specific and ubiquitous. Their roles have been defined as herbicide detoxification and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Fifty-two members of the GST super-family were identified in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome, 13 members of which belong to the Phi class of GSTs (AtGSTFs). Based on the sequence similarities of AtGSTFs, 11 BAC clones were identified from Brassica rapa. Seven unique sequences of ORFs designated the Phi class candidates of GST derived from B. rapa (BrGSTFs) were detected from these 11 BAC clones by blast search and sequence alignment. Some of BrGSTFs were present in the same BAC clones indicating that BrGSTFs could also be clustered as usual in plant. They were mapped on B. rapa linkage group 2, 3, 9 and 10 and their nucleotide and amino acid sequences were highly similar to those of AtGSTFs. In addition, in silico analysis of BrGSTFs using Korea Brassica Genome Project 24K oligochip and microarray database for cold, salt and drought stresses revealed 15 unigenes to be highly similar to AtGSTFs and six of these were identical to one of BrGSTFs identified in the BAC clones indicating their expression. The sequences of BrGSTFs and unigenes identified in this study will facilitate further studies to apply GST genes to medical and agriculture purposes.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1435-1441
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• 2018

온라인 서명 검증은 간단하면서도 효율적인 본인 확인 방법의 하나로 생체 인식에 따른 거부감이 적은 장점으로 본인 확인 용도로 사용되고 있다. 서명 검증을 분류 문제로 접근하기 위해서는 모조서명이 필요하지만, 대부분의 실용적인 응용에서 모조서명을 확보하기는 쉽지 않으며 진서명 역시 많은 양을 확보하기는 쉽지 않다. 이 논문에서는 모조서명의 확보가 어려운 문제를 해결하기 위해 단일 클래스 SVM을 사용하고, 진서명의 양이 제한되는 문제는 다른 사람의 서명 데이터를 일반 필기 데이터로 사용하여 해결하는 방법을 제시한다. 다른 사람의 서명 데이터는 검증하고자 하는 서명과 형태적인 유사점을 찾을 수 없지만, 서명에서의 일반적인 특징을 반영하고 있으므로 적은 수의 진서명만을 확보할 수 있는 경우에 사용하면 검증률을 높일 수 있으며 이는 실험 결과를 통해서 확인할 수 있다.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.75-93
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• 2019

Background: Since 2010, Korea has maintained a DNA database of those convicted of or awaiting trial for certain crimes. There have been proposals to expand the list of crimes included in this database, or conversely, omit certain crimes if they are committed during protests. An understanding of the feelings of the public as we consider the ethical, legal, and social aspects of a DNA database and as revisions to laws are made is required. Methodology: Questions related to the DNA database were included in the nationally representative Korean Academic Multimode Open Survey (KAMOS) panel (June-August 2016). Results: Of 2,000 randomly selected panel members, 1,013 respondents participated in this survey, including 89.2% who supported the existence of a criminal DNA database. The current system of storing DNA profiles until a suspect's acquittal or a convict's death was supported by 79.5% of respondents. In addition, 70.8% of respondents agreed with the expansion of crime categories included in the criminal database. Many (93.4%) respondents favored genetic testing and data storage to determine the identity and cause of death for people who die of unnatural causes. Some differences in attitude related to social class were noted, with those who self-identified as members of the upper class more likely to support the database and its expansion to include additional crimes than those who self-identified as middle or lower class. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Koreans generally support the criminal DNA database.

• 영어영문학
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.171-190
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• 2011

Shakespeare's plays deploy an interesting array of food signs in a way to illuminate the historical process of what Stephen Mennell has described as "the civilizing of appetite"-a process in which the changes of food choices and eating habits took place in response to the changes in people's way of life and personality structure over the long-term modern period since the middle ages. Shakespeare's plays suggest that the civilizing of appetite in early modern England was heavily affected by the forces of social mobility as well as the nascent market economy. The Capulets' costly preparation of Juliet's wedding banquet is a showcase of conspicuous consumption which was a structural necessity for the ruling class in Shakespeare's time. Some fifteen years later, the same kinds of foodstuffs are included in a shepherd's shopping list for the sheepshearing festival in Winter's Tale. This is a significant coincidence to prove that food was an important source of emulation and contest among different social classes; and that the rich diet of the upper class gave impetus to social mobility. The Elizabethan subjects, especially among the elite noblemen, were interpellated by the ideology of food that equated the quality of food and the eater's social identity. Faced with bankruptcy as a consequence of his extravagant consumption habit, Bassanio in The Merchant of Venice testifies to the gripping ideology of food onto early modern people, while Poor Tom in King Lear presents a comic parody of the rich people's conspicuous waste. Also in Coriolanus and The Merry Wives of Winsor, Shakespeare uses food as a metaphor for class-motivated social struggles.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.187-209
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• 2022

The objective of this study was to conduct a 'Theory of Home Economics Education' class using online problem-based learning(PBL) for prospective home economics(HE) teachers. The aim was to enable teachers to analyze the learning experience in the classroom, and to prepare operational strategies for online PBL on this basis. In order to achieve this, online PBL was applied to 31 students participating in the 'Theory of Home Economics Education' at the Department of HE in a university in Seoul, and the results were collected from the learning process. This also involved a reflective journal, a survey on the learning experience and the impacts was conducted. Moreover, analysis was undertaken on the learning activities, learning difficulties, and improvements. The main research results are as follows. Firstly, students accessed Webex, an online video conferencing program, and performed two PBL tasks: 'Making Home Economics Promotion Materials' and 'Presenting Teaching Strategies to Improve Learner's Immersion in Online Classes'. Secondly, learners established their own identity of HE learned about the HE class plans themselves. They also encountered realistic experience as HE teachers and learned communication and collaboration skills. Furthermore, they acquired creative problem-solving and self-directed learning ability, community consciousness, as well as the attitude of consideration and respect. Thirdly, students lacked knowledge of learning content and encountered difficulty in solving data research, analysis processes, and unstructured problems. They were affected by a lack of time and encountered problem in communicating with other team members in an online environment. As an improvement in online class operation, it was considrered necessary to reduce the learning burden by securing time and reducing the number of assignments, as well as to explain active interaction with instructors and PBL.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.139-152
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• 2013

SNS의 증가로 기업의 평판이 영업과 주가에 영향을 미치고 있다는 다양한 연구가 발표되고 있으나, 디지털 상에서 기업 평판 측정 방법과 관련한 연구는 상대적으로 미흡하다. 본 연구는 사전 연구 집대성을 통해 기업의 디지털 평판 정보를 기업 정체성 정보와 기업 인지 정보로 구분하고, 정체성 평가를 위해 (1)제품 및 서비스 질 (2)고용환경 (3)기업 비전 (4)사회적 책임 (5)경영 성과 5개 항목을, 인지 평가를 위해 (1)호감(선(善)) (2)능력(능(能)) (3)진취성(흥(興)) (4)세련(격(格)) (5)무정함(권(權)) (6)비공식성 6개 항목으로 구분하여 평판 검색용 워드 아이템(Word Item)을 추출하고 설문을 통해 빈도 분석을 실시하여 기업의 평판 측정값을 계량화 하는 방법을 고안하였다. 또한 이의 검증을 위하여 상용 평판 서비스를 활용하여 국내 SI 3사의 평판을 측정하였다. 본 연구는 기업의 정체성과 인지(이미지나 소통)를 세분화하여 기업의 평판 측정을 시도한 최초의 연구이며, 빈도 분석을 통해 검증된 워드 아이템을 활용하여 평판 점수로 측정하는 산식을 제안함으로써 업무 적용성을 높였다는데 그 의의가 있다.