• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.245-259
• /
• 2007

Improvements in jaw relationship through clockwise rotation of the mandible may be desirable in some Class III patients with short low facial height. The aim of this study was to examine the treatment effect of face mask for Class III malocclusion patients according to their low facial morphology. Methods: Class III patients in their pubertal growth period were divided into two groups (Group 1, high LFH; Group 2, low LFH) according to lower facial height (LFH) by Ricketts (norm, 47). treatment changes between groups after face mask treatment was compared not only for hard tissue but also for soft tissue. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups for the skeletal and soft tissues of the maxilla. There were no significant differences between the two groups for the skeletal posterior movement of the mandible, but posterior movement of the mandibular soft tissues in group 2 was larger than group 1. There were no significant differences between the two groups for the vertical hard tissue proportion changes of the mandible, but the vertical soft tissue proportion changes of the mandible in group 2 was larger than group 1. There was a significant correlation between the sagittal hard tissue and soft tissue changes of the maxilla and mandible, but there was no significant difference in the vertical changes. Conclusion: The clockwise rotation of the mandible occurred from use of the face mask, and posterior movement of soft tissues of the mandible was higher in Cl III patients with low LFH than with high LFH.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.28 no.5 s.70
• /
• pp.855-864
• /
• 1998

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the cephalometric characteristics of Korean female patients with Class II division 2 malocclusion and to compare Korean females with Caucasian females who had same type of malocclusion. All of the samples had Class II division 2 malocclusion with deep overbite (more than 4mm) and full permanent dentition. These samples were divided into two groups according to the races: Group 1(N=16; Korean females; average age=18Y 2M) and Group 2 (N:20; Caucasian females; average age=14Y 2M). The pretreatment lateral cephalograms were measured, analyzed and compared by using 38 variables and independent t-test. And the results were as follows: 1. Although there were no differences in Overbite, SN to mandibular plane angle, Palatomandibular plane angle, and FMA between Group 1 and 2, the other vertical relation variables of maxilla and mandible (SN to palatal plane angle, SN to occlusal plane angle, ODI) of Group 1 showed more clockwise rotation tendency of occlusal plane and less hypodivergency tendency than those of Group 2. 2. There were no differences in mandibular body length and ramus height between Group 1 and 2 except small upper genial angle of Group 1. There was less counterclockwise rotation tendency of mandible in Group 1. 3. There were no statistical significant differences in UAFH/LAFH and PFH/AFH between Group 1 and 2. 4. Although there were no differences of overjet and anteroposterior position of mandible between Group 1 and 2, the position of maxilla of Group 1 was more retropositioned than that of Group 2. 5. Except the more protrusion of lower incisor to A-Pog of Group 1, there were no differences of inclination and distance of upper and lower incisors to basal plane between Group 1 and 2. 6. The distance from upper- first molar to palatal plane showed no difference between Group 1 and 2. But the distance from lower first molar to mandibular plane of Group 1 was greater than that of Group 2. So it may be partially related to the clockwise rotation of occlusal plane and the less counterclockwise rotation tendency of mandible of Group 1. 7. Group 1 had more protrusive upper and lower lips than Group 2.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.33 no.4 s.99
• /
• pp.247-257
• /
• 2003

Various methods have been used on patients with skeletal Class II division 1 malocclusion. The activator, Frankel appliance, headgear, Herbst appliance, and Twin-block appliance are some examples. The ideal treatment effect using these appliances would be to inhibit horizontal and vertical growth of the maxilla while promoting mandibular growth and obtaining optimum dentition. The Teuscher appliance has a simultaneous combined headgear effect with maxillary growth inhibition and an activator effect with mandibular growth promotion. The purpose of this study was to examine how well these effects were clinically obtained and the results are as follows. 1. The forward growth of the maxilla was effectively inhibited. 2. The downward-forward growth of the maxillary dentoalveolar complex was inhibited. 3. Growth promotion of the mandible was not observed. 4. The overjet, overbite, molar key were effectively improved. 5. The protruded upper lip and facial profile were unproved.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.121-134
• /
• 2004

This article describes a clinical protocol for the conventional rehabilitation of patient diagnosed with partial anodontia. A combined dental therapy approach was used and included endodontic therapy and root capping on the maxillary central incisors, fabrication of a maxillary overdenture, and fabrication of mandibular konus overdenture supported by 3 konus abutments. Within this protocol, tooth-supported overdenture prostheses are used for 2 purposes: first, to obtain the most rigid retention and function at an established maxillary-mandibular relationship; and second, to continuously maintain function and esthetic appearance applying immediate dentures after teeth extraction. The idea behind this protocol and its associated clinical procedures is presented along with a discussion compared with implant therapy. In the case introduced, and after 7 years of observation, the therapy can be seen as a success. We increased the occlusal vertical height in this case, but it would be more appropriate to see this as recovering the occlusal vertical height that was lost. The process of increasing the occlusal vertical height, that is restoration of the face, modification of the extrinsic occlusion of the incisors, and retraction of the mandible is very difficult and important. Ultimately, class III malocclusion is fixed, adequate occlusal vertical height is gained, and the retracted posterior anodontial portion is restored by prosthodontic dentures based on the rigid support theory. The result of the therapy done on the later-achieved malocclusion with partial anodontia on the posterior portion must consider the following in order to maintain the safety of the esthetics of the tooth and face for a period of time: 1) occlusal restoration with an ideal occlusal vertical height, 2) allowance of the final occlusion induced by the functional relationship of the upper and lower jaw, 3)final occlusion functionally induced by the lip competence limit.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.71-81
• /
• 2006

Background: This study was done to better understand patterns, trends and local distribution patterns of malocclusion so that we can provide adequate information to patients, to help make the appropriate diagnosis and therapeutic plans, and to assess the future directions of malocclusion treatment. Materials and Methods: Malocclusion patterns, distribution and trends of visiting patients were examined in 993 malocclusion patients who had been evaluated and diagnosed at the Department of Dentistry, Yeungnam University Hospital over a 10-year period from 1995 to 2004. Results: The number of visiting patients per year showed an increasing trend and the visit rate was 1.28 time-higher in females(56.1%) than in males(43.9%). 1) Age distribution showed that the 7-12 year-old group was the largest (36.7%). Geographic distribution showed the majority of patients were from the Dalseo district(28.2%). Angle's malocclusion classification revealed that class III was the largest(38.4%). Crowding was the chief complaint in the highest percentage of patients(33.9%). The therapeutic method used was the fixed appliance in 61% of cases and a combination with extraction in 30.8%. Conclusions: The availability of dental services can accommodate orthodontic needs adequately as well as obtain reliable quantitative information regarding the characteristics of orthodontic patients.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.171-179
• /
• 2015

Objective: To compare dentoalveolar and skeletal changes produced by the pendulum appliance (PA) and the distal screw appliance (DS) in Class II patients. Methods: Forty-three patients (19 men, 24 women) with Class II malocclusion were retrospectively selected for the study. Twenty-four patients (mean age, $12.2{\pm}1.5years$) were treated with the PA, and 19 patients (mean age, $11.3{\pm}1.9years$) were treated with the DS. The mean distalization time was 7 months for the PA group and 9 months for the DS group. Lateral cephalograms were obtained at T1, before treatment, and at T2, the end of distalization. A Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical comparisons of the two groups between T1 and T2. Results: PA and DS were equally effective in distalizing maxillary molars (4.7 mm and 4.2 mm, respectively) between T1 and T2; however, the maxillary first molars showed less distal tipping in the DS group than in the PA group ($3.2^{\circ}$ vs. $9.0^{\circ}$, respectively). Moreover, significant premolar anchorage loss (2.7 mm) and incisor proclination ($5.0^{\circ}$) were noted in the PA group, whereas premolar distal movement (1.9 mm) and no significant changes at the incisor ($0.1^{\circ}$) were observed in the DS group. No significant sagittal or vertical skeletal changes were detected between the two groups during the distalization phase. Conclusions: PA and DS seem to be equally effective in distalizing maxillary molars; however, greater distal molar tipping and premolar anchorage loss can be expected using PA.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.205-227
• /
• 1992

This study was aimed to investigate the characteristics & the causative areas of the adult skeletal class III malocclusions with different facial divergency. The lateral cephalograms of 80 subjects with skeletal class III malocclusion from 17 to 29 years of age were classified into 3 groups according to SN-MP angle; hypodivergent group $(21.65{\pm}3.52^{\circ})$, neutrodivergent group $(30.50{\pm}2.29^{\circ})$ and hyperdivergent group $(40.02{\pm}3.98^{\circ})$. The data were gathered by digitizing of the traced cephalograms and were statistically analyzed. The results were as follows: 1. The anterior cranial base of the hyperdivergent group was shortest & tipped upwardly to the FH plane. 2. The maxilla of hyperdivergent group was shortest anteroposteriorly and positioned posteriorly to the anterior cranial base. 3. The degree of the mandibular prognathism in hyperdivergent group was less than the hypodivergent group. The hyperdivergent group showed the downward & backward rotated mandible. 4. The mandibular ramus & body was short & slender in the hyperdivergent group and the gonial angle was greatest in the hyperdivergent group. 5. The temporomandibular joint was positioned more superiorly to the anterior cranial base in the hyperdivergent group. 6. The cranial base, palatal plane, occlusal plane and mandibular plane were diverged in the hyperdivergent group. And this group had a great anterior total facial height, especially anterior lower facial height. 7. The craniofacial characteristics of skeletal class III malocclusion were critical in the vertical structure than the horizontal.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.77-83
• /
• 1981

The author analyzed the morphological pattern of mandibles and lower third molars in order to study and predict the impaction of the developmental third molars. The subjects consisted of 37 males and 87 females with malocclusion. The following results were obtained: 1. The mandible was shown to be shorter in the impacted third molar group than in the erupted group, both in over-all length and in body length. 2. The developmental mesial angulation of the third molar to the mandibular plane was higher in the impacted third molar group. 3. There was a tendency for impacted third molars to be slightly larger than those which erupted except Class II malocclusion in female. 4. In the available space for the eruption of the third molar, significant space deficiency was found in association with the impacted third molar group compared with the erupted group.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.369-376
• /
• 1985

A 10 year & 11 month old girl patient who had Angle's Class III malocclusion were treated by chin cap and fixed appliances. The treatment results obtained were as to]lows: 1. The anterior crossbite was corrected. 2. The functional overbite & overjet were established. 3. The favorable molar relationships were achieved. 4. The forward growth of the mandible was restrained. 5. The axial inclination of the upper & lower incisors were changed and the upper dental arch length was increased. 6. The facial profile was improved resulting from the good upper & lower jaw relations. 7. There was no harmful changes on the teeth S the periodontal tissues after treatment. 8. The good occlusal stability was showed after 1 year of retention.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.27 no.4 s.63
• /
• pp.549-557
• /
• 1997

This study was designed to investigate the attrition pattern in Angle Class III malocclusion with facial asymmetry. The sample consisted of three groups, the 20 subjects of normal occlusion group(Group I), the 12 subjects of class III malocclusion without facial asymmetry group(Group II) and 17 subjects of Class III malocclusion with facial asymmetry group(Group III). Attrition areas from canine to second molar on both sides in upper and lower arch, totally twenty, was marked by pencil and mesured by computer system(INTERGRAPH CO. USA) 2 times and the average value was used for date processing. Attrition areas from canine to second molar on both sides in upper and lower arch, totally twenty, was marked by pencil and mesured by computer system(INTERGRAPH CO. USA) 2 times and the average value was used for date Processing. All attrition areas were measured 2 times and the average value was used for data processing The data were statistically analyzed by SAS program. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Total attrition area in Group I was larger than in Group II and III. 2. There was no significant difference in attrition area between right and left side in each group, but attrition area in Group III was larger than in Group I and II. 3. In Group I, Maxillary attrition area was larger than mandibular attrition area, but in Group ll and III, there was no significant difference in attrition area between maxilla and mandible. 4. In Group III, the attrition area of deviated side was target than undeviated side 5. There was no significant difference in attrition area between chewing side and non-chewing side in each group. 6. The total attrition area was unaffected by gender.