• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.314-318
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of alveolar bone grafting in patients with various types of cleft lip and to compare the success rates according to the lateral incisors and canines. Methods: The postoperative radiographs of 20 patient with a cleft lip and alveolar process alone (CLAP), complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) were retrospectively analyzed. The alveolar bone height was classified according to ${\AA}$byholm (1981) and Bergland (1986) and we evaluated the dentition at the time of surgery and the existence of a lateral incisor and impacted canines. Results: 16 (80%) of the 20 patients were assigned to Type I & II and they were considered successful. In the UCLP group, the success rate was significantly better than that of the UCLP and BCLP groups. The success rate was significantly better than when the cleft was grafted with the existence of a lateral incisor and before the eruption of the canines. Conclusion: The severity of the deformity influenced the success rate. The timing of the operation was a critical variable that affected the outcome in patients with cleft lip and palate.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.400-406
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• 2014

Apios (Apios americana Medikus) belongs to Leguminosae and is called 'American groundnut', 'Potato bean', and 'wild bean'. Apios is native to the Northern United States but is not widely distributed in Korea. In this study, cross-linked apios starch was prepared by reaction with epichlorohydrin, followed by characterization. FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the degree of cross-linking of apios starch. X-ray diffraction patterns of native apios showed typical 'A' type as peaks at 15.1, 17.1, 17.9 and $23.2^{\circ}$, and cross-linking did not affect relative crystallinity and X-ray diffraction patterns of the starch. Scanning electron micrographs showed that apios starch granules were smooth with a globular shape, and there was little damage to starch granules after cross-linking. The lightness value of cross-linked apios starch was lower than that of native apios starch, whereas the redness value was not significantly different between cross-linked apios starch and native apios starch. Blue value showed that cross-linking of starch did not affect the iodine reaction of starch.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to interpret the transformation of Cooperative Groups for Agricultural Production(CGAP) with the change of the Agricultural Productive Force. The specific objectives were; 1) To investigate the change of agricultural labour-power, 2) To investigate the change of agricultural mechanization and arable land, 3) To interpret the transformation and content of CLAP. The population of farmhouseholds has decreased continuously since the late 1960s. Especially, with the move-outs of youth ages of twenties to forties, the condition of agricultural labour-power has been more serious. The processing of agricultural mechanization was a small scale step in the 1970s, but after the 1980s there was a spread of middle-large machines. However the usage rate of agricultural machines was constrained by the bad conditions of arable land. From the 1970s to now, the CGAP have bean processed by many kinds of patterns. In the 1970s, the lack of labour-power caused the creation of the Co-Working Team. After the late of 1970s, the wage of agricultural employees was raised, because the working population of agriculture was cut down. Also, the induction of agricultural machine was promoted. As a result, in the 1980s, the Machine-Using Team occurred due to these conditions of agricultural productive force. In the late of 1980s, the population decreased more rapidly, and the use of large machines were spread. Than farmhouseholds laking labour-power gave a trust to other farmhouseholds and Teams which had machines. In 1990, Given-Trust Cooperations were enacted by law, and in order to overcome the lack of labour-power, and solve the problem of the successors of agriculture, Cooperative Organizations were also enacted by law. Finally, in Korea from the 1970s to now, as the agricultural productive force has barn changed, the Co-Working Team was transformed into the Machine-Using Team, and the Machine-Using Team was transformed into the Given-Trust Cooperation, and the Cooperative Organization.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.79-94
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• 2013

Recently, the high value added business is steadily growing in the culture and art area. To generated high value from a performance, the satisfaction of audience is necessary. The flow in a critical factor for satisfaction, and it should be induced from audience and measures. To evaluate interest and emotion of audience on contents, producers or investors need a kind of index for the measurement of the flow. But it is neither easy to define the flow quantitatively, nor to collect audience's reaction immediately. The previous studies of the group flow were evaluated by the sum of the average value of each person's reaction. The flow or "good feeling" from each audience was extracted from his face, especially, the change of his (or her) expression and body movement. But it was not easy to handle the large amount of real-time data from each sensor signals. And also it was difficult to set experimental devices, in terms of economic and environmental problems. Because, all participants should have their own personal sensor to check their physical signal. Also each camera should be located in front of their head to catch their looks. Therefore we need more simple system to analyze group flow. This study provides the method for measurement of audiences flow with group synchronization at same time and place. To measure the synchronization, we made real-time processing system using the Differential Image and Group Emotion Analysis (GEA) system. Differential Image was obtained from camera and by the previous frame was subtracted from present frame. So the movement variation on audience's reaction was obtained. And then we developed a program, GEX(Group Emotion Analysis), for flow judgment model. After the measurement of the audience's reaction, the synchronization is divided as Dynamic State Synchronization and Static State Synchronization. The Dynamic State Synchronization accompanies audience's active reaction, while the Static State Synchronization means to movement of audience. The Dynamic State Synchronization can be caused by the audience's surprise action such as scary, creepy or reversal scene. And the Static State Synchronization was triggered by impressed or sad scene. Therefore we showed them several short movies containing various scenes mentioned previously. And these kind of scenes made them sad, clap, and creepy, etc. To check the movement of audience, we defined the critical point, ${\alpha}$and ${\beta}$. Dynamic State Synchronization was meaningful when the movement value was over critical point ${\beta}$, while Static State Synchronization was effective under critical point ${\alpha}$. ${\beta}$ is made by audience' clapping movement of 10 teams in stead of using average number of movement. After checking the reactive movement of audience, the percentage(%) ratio was calculated from the division of "people having reaction" by "total people". Total 37 teams were made in "2012 Seoul DMC Culture Open" and they involved the experiments. First, they followed induction to clap by staff. Second, basic scene for neutralize emotion of audience. Third, flow scene was displayed to audience. Forth, the reversal scene was introduced. And then 24 teams of them were provided with amuse and creepy scenes. And the other 10 teams were exposed with the sad scene. There were clapping and laughing action of audience on the amuse scene with shaking their head or hid with closing eyes. And also the sad or touching scene made them silent. If the results were over about 80%, the group could be judged as the synchronization and the flow were achieved. As a result, the audience showed similar reactions about similar stimulation at same time and place. Once we get an additional normalization and experiment, we can obtain find the flow factor through the synchronization on a much bigger group and this should be useful for planning contents.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2019

Patients with cleft lip and palate have several problems such as oro-nasal communication, dental cross-bite caused by the insufficient growth of maxilla, poor pronunciation and esthetic problem. Removable denture with maxillary double crown near cleft palate and with clasp in the posterior teeth was used to solve the problems of the patient with cleft lip and plate. Double crowns make up for the insufficient mucosal support caused by the mucosa and alveolar bone loss in cleft lip and palate. Double crowns also allow easy repair of denture in case of abutment teeth extraction. In this case, 55-year-old female patient had bilateral cleft lip and palate and few remaining teeth on anterior maxilla. Prosthetic treatment was done for patient with bilateral cleft lip and palate to close oro-nasal communication using maxillary double crown and clasp retained removable denture. As a result, oro-nasal communication was effectively closed and the cross-bite was easily corrected by double crown and clasp retained denture. In addition, pronunciation and appearance were also improved.