• Advances in environmental research
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.151-162
• /
• 2014

Among the combination of 4 different second metals and 3 different noble metals, Ni 10%-Pd 1%/hematite (Ni(10)-Pd(1)/H) showed best tetrachloroethylene (PCE) removal (75.8%) and production of non-toxic products (39.8%) in closed batch reactors under an anaerobic condition. The effect of environmental factors (pH, contents of Ni and Pd in catalyst, and hydrogen gas concentration) on the reductive dechlorination of PCE by Pd-Ni/hematite catalysts was investigated. PCE was degraded less at the condition of Ni(5)/H (13.7%) than at the same condition with Ni(10)/H (20.6%). Removals of PCE were rarely influenced by the experimental condition of different Pd amounts (Pd(1)/H and Pd(3)/H). Acidic to neutral pH conditions were favorable to the degradation of PCE, compared to the alkaline condition (pH 10). Increasing Ni contents from 1 to 10% increased the PCE removal to 89.8% in 6 hr. However, the removal decreased to 74.2% at Ni content of 20%. Meanwhile, increasing Pd contents to 6% showed no difference in PCE removal at Pd content of more than 1%. Increasing H2 concentration increased the removal of PCE until 4% H2 which was maximumly applied in this study. Chlorinated products such as trichloroethylene, 1,1-dichloroethylene, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, and vinyl chloride were not observed while PCE was transformed to acetylene (24%), ethylene (5%), and ethane (11%) by Ni(10)-Pd(1)/H catalyst in 6hr.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제64권7호
• /
• pp.341-346
• /
• 2021

Background: The results differ among published studies regarding exposure to meconium and the risk of developing autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Purpose: The present study pooled all of the epidemiologic studies retrieved from broader databases on the association between meconium exposure and risk of developing ASD in children. Methods: The Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched without language restrictions for articles published between their inception to February 20, 2020, using relevant keywords. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated as random-effect estimates of the associations among studies. A subgroup analysis was conducted to explore any potential sources of heterogeneity among studies. Results: The pooled estimate of OR reported a weakly significant association between meconium exposure and ASD development in children (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03-1.24). There was low heterogeneity among the articles reporting risk for ASD among children (I²=19.3%; P=0.259). The results of subgroup analysis based on meconium exposure showed a significant association between a meconium-stained neonate and ASD development (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.11-1.24). Couclusion: Meconium exposure was weakly associated with an increased risk of ASD. However, more evidence based on large prospective cohort studies is required to provide conclusive evidence about whether meconium exposure is associated with an increased risk of ASD development.

• Endocrinology and Metabolism
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.473-484
• /
• 2018

Background: Epidemiological studies have suggested an association between Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) development. Other studies, however, have reported a protective role of HT against PTC progression. Through this updated meta-analysis, we aimed to clarify the effects of HT on the progression of PTC. Methods: We searched citation databases, including PubMed and Embase, for relevant studies from inception to September 2017. From these studies, we calculated the pooled odds ratios (ORs) of clinicopathologic features and the relative risk (RR) of PTC recurrence with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the Mantel-Haenszel method. Additionally, the Higgins $I^2$ statistic was used to test for heterogeneity. Results: The meta-analysis included 71 published studies with 44,034 participants, among whom 11,132 had HT. We observed negative associations between PTC with comorbid HT and extrathyroidal extension (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.81), lymph node metastasis (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.72 to 0.94), distant metastasis (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.76), and recurrence (RR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.61). Conclusion: In this meta-analysis, PTC patients with HT appeared to exhibit more favorable clinicopathologic characteristics and a better prognosis than those without HT.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.143-149
• /
• 2018

To verify the correlations between the clinical outcomes and physical factors of short-course chemoradiotherapy (SCRT) and long-course chemoradiotherapy (LCRT) with delayed surgery in patients with rectal cancer. Seventy-two patients with rectal cancer were enrolled in this study. Nineteen patients were treated with SCRT (25 Gy, 5 fractions) by intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and 53 patients were treated with LCRT (50.4 Gy, 28 fractions) by three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT). Various physical factors for the target and organs at risk (OARs) were calculated to compare the clinical outcomes. The organ equivalent dose (OED) and lifetime attributable risk (LAR) of bowels and bladders were similar between the SCRT and LCRT groups, whereas the values of femurs were higher in the LCRT group. The equivalent uniform dose and normal tissue complication probability were higher in the LCRT than the SCRT group for most organs. Treatment complications, including anastomotic leakage, bowel adhesion, and hematologic toxicity, were not significantly different between SCRT and LCRT groups. CIs were $0.84{\pm}0.2$ and $0.61{\pm}0.1$ for SCRT and LCRT, respectively. The CVIs were $1.07{\pm}0.0$ and $1.10{\pm}0.1$, and the HIs were $0.09{\pm}0.0$ and $0.11{\pm}0.1$ for SCRT and LCRT, respectively. The sphincter-saving rates were 89.5% and 94.3% for SCRT and LCRT, respectively. The complete pathologic remission rates were 21.1% and 13.2%, and the down-staging rates were 47.4% and 26.4% for SCRT and LCRT, respectively. SCRT with IMRT is comparable to conventional LCRT in both physical indexes and clinical outcome. The preoperative SCRT, compensated by IMRT, is an effective and safe modality.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제35권7호
• /
• pp.975-988
• /
• 2022

Objective: In this study, we aimed to identify long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that play important roles in starvation stress, analyze their functions, and discover potential molecular targets to alleviate starvation stress to provide a theoretical reference for subsequent in-depth research. Methods: We generated a piglet starvation stress animal model. Nine Yorkshire weaned piglets were randomly divided into a long-term starvation stress group (starved for 72 h), short-term starvation stress group (starved for 48 h), and the control group. LncRNA libraries were constructed using high-throughput sequencing of piglet ileums. Results: We obtained 11,792 lncRNAs, among which, 2,500 lncRNAs were novel. In total, 509 differentially expressed (DE)lncRNAs were identified in this study. Target genes of DElncRNAs were predicted via cis and trans interactions, and functional and pathway analyses were performed. Gene ontology functions and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis revealed that lncRNA-targeted genes mainly participated in metabolic pathways, cellular processes, immune system processes, digestive systems, and transport activities. To reveal the mechanism underlying starvation stress, the interaction network between lncRNAs and their targets was constructed based on 26 DElncRNAs and 72 DEmRNAs. We performed an interaction network analysis of 121 DElncRNA-DEmRNA pairs with a Pearson correlation coefficient greater than 0.99. Conclusion: We found that MSTRG.19894.13, MSTRG.16726.3, and MSTRG.12176.1 might play important roles in starvation stress. This study not only generated a library of enriched lncRNAs in piglets, but its outcomes also provide a strong foundation to screen key lncRNAs involved in starvation stress and a reference for subsequent in-depth research.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제51권6호
• /
• pp.732-745
• /
• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to assess combined effects of early oral feeding after Cesarean section (C/S) under regional anesthesia on bowel function, gastrointestinal complications and surgical recovery. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using KISS, RISS, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, CENTRAL and Google Scholar to identify randomized clinical trials comparing early oral feeding (EOF) with delayed oral feeding (DOF) after C/S. Outcome variables were bowel function and gastrointestinal complications and surgical recovery. Effect size was calculated using weighted mean differences (WMDs) and relative risks (RRs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Seven studies involving 1,911 patients from 568 studies, 7 studies were included in meta-analysis. EOF was significantly associated with shorter time to recover bowel movement compared with DOF (WMD, - 2.50; CI, - 3.50~- 1.50). EOF was not associated with nausea (RR, 1.15; CI, 0.87~1.53) and vomiting (RR, 0.96; CI, 0.65~1.42), but lower incidence of abdominal distension (RR, 0.70; CI, 0.50~0.98). EOF was significantly associated with shorter time to discontinuation of intravenous fluids (WMD, - 8.88; 95% CI, - 16.65~- 1.11) and removal of urinary catheter (WMD, - 15.23; CI, - 25.62~- 4.85). Conclusion: This meta-analysis provides evidence that EOF after C/S under regional anesthesia not only accelerates return of bowel function and surgical recovery but also reduces gastrointestinal complications. These results suggest that EOF should be offered to women who have undergone C/S to improve the recovery experience and reduce overall medical costs.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제55권5호
• /
• pp.485-491
• /
• 2022

Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health concern worldwide. Social contact patterns can affect the epidemiology and risk of airborne diseases such as TB. This study was designed to investigate the social contact patterns associated with TB. Methods: In this case-control study, groups of participants with and without TB were matched by age and sex. Participants reported the nature, location, frequency, and average duration of social contacts over 1 month. The duration and number of social and spatial contacts were compared between groups using the chi-square test and the t-test. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to quantify the relationship between social contact time and TB status. Data were analyzed using Stata version 11 statistical software. A p-value of <0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: In this study, 80 patients with TB and 172 control participants were included, and a total of 3545 social contacts were registered. Social contact with family members (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.10 to 2.40), contact with a person with TB (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.16 to 2.01), and contact at the participant's home (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.82) were significantly associated with TB status. Conclusions: The duration of long-term social contact, rather than the number of contacts, may be the main contact-related factor associated with TB transmission in this population. The focus of contact-tracing efforts should be on finding and treating both family members and long-term contacts in non-household settings.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2023

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Samryungbaekchul-san on childhood anorexia. Methods We searched 11 English, Korean, Chinese, and Japanese databases for studies published up to May 30, 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of Samryungbaekchul-san on childhood anorexia were included. In the meta-analysis, relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were indicated as dichotomous variables, and mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% CIs were indicated as continuous variables. Results We included 12 RCTs with 1345 participants. The Samryungbaekchul-san treatment group had a significantly higher total effective rate (TER) than that of the western medicine control group (RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.23-1.64, I² = 0%). The combined Samryungbaekchul-san and western medicine treatment group had significantly higher TER (RR 1.31, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.40, I² = 0%) and levels of neuropeptide Y (SMD 0.93, 95% CI 0.47-1.39, I² = 70%) and ghrelin (SMD 1.45, 95% CI 1.14-1.76, I² = 0%) than those of the western medicine alone group. Additionally, leptin levels were significantly lower in the combined treatment group (SMD -1.19, 95% CI -1.88 to -0.51, I² = 86%) compared with the western medicine alone group, although statistical heterogeneity was substantial. Conclusions Samryungbaekchul-san may be effective for childhood anorexia. However, owing to limitations such as high clinical heterogeneity between the studies, unclear risks of biases, and insufficient reports of adverse events and follow-ups, well-designed RCTs with a low risk of bias are needed in the future.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.100-106
• /
• 2023

Background: Our study aimed to investigate the mediating role of work-family conflict (WFC) on the relationship between long commutes and workers' anxiety and insomnia. Methods: Our study measured the two dimensions of WFC, time-related, and strain-related, which were considered multiple mediators. The mediating effect of WFC on anxiety and insomnia was investigated by decomposing the total effect into a direct effect (long commuting time → anxiety or insomnia) and an indirect effect (long commuting time → WFC → anxiety or insomnia). The combined indirect effect (joint indirect effect) of strain-related WFC and time-related WFC was estimated. The effects were presented as odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: The direct effect of 120 min or longer of commuting time was 1.39 (95% CI: 1.17-1.65) times increase in the odds of anxiety and 1.64 (95% CI: 1.41-1.90) times increase in the odds of insomnia than those whose commuting time was less than 60 min. In the case of indirect effects, those whose commuting time was 120 min or longer had 1.13 times higher odds of anxiety (95% CI: 1.07-1.18) and 1.12 times higher odds of insomnia (95% CI: 1.07-1.17) via WFC. The joint indirect effects accounted for 26.4% and 18.5% of the total effect on anxiety and insomnia, respectively. The longer the commuting time, the stronger both direct and indirect effects. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the mediating effect of WFC on the relationship between long commuting times and workers' anxiety and insomnia.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국자원식물학회 2020년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.109-109
• /
• 2020

꽃차(Flower tea)는 최근 다양한 제품이 개발되고 소비가 확대되는 등 그 산업적 가치가 증대하고 있다. 꽃차의 향기 특성은 우렸을 때 나타나는 색깔 및 인체에서의 생리활성과 더불어 주요한 꽃차 품질결정 요소이다. 본 연구는 꽃차로의 이용이 활발한 국화과 식물 중 구절초(Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum), 국화(Chrysanthemum morifolium), 노랑색 및 주황색 마리골드(Tagetes erecta 'Yellow' and 'Orange'), 그리고 캐모마일(Matricaria chamomilla)의 향기 성분특성을 구명하기 위하여 제조된 꽃차를 headspace-solidphase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS)를 이용하여 분리, 동정하였다. 국화과 꽃차로부터 총 117종의 휘발성 성분이 확인되었는데, 각 꽃차 종류별 동정된 휘발성 성분의 개수, 주요 3개 휘발성 성분과 전체 향기성분 peak중 이들이 차지하는 구성비율(%)은 다음과 같았다: 구절초 64종, camphor (31%), α-pinene(14%), camphene(14%); 국화 60종, camphor(15%), chrysantheny acetate(13%), eucalyptol (11%); 마리골드 '옐로우' 53종, 2,4-heptadienal(26%), trans-isocarveol(21%), cis-β-Copaene(18%); 마리골드 '오렌지' 61종, β-caryophyllene(16%), β-ocimene epoxide(12%), β-ocimene(12%); 캐모마일 50종, β-farnesene(63%), nonane(9%), spathulenol(5%). 국화과 꽃차 5종 모두에서 공통적으로 검출된 성분은 β-caryophyllene, α-pinene, β-farnesene 등 10종이었으며 마리골리 '옐로'는 '오렌지'와 주요 향기성분의 조성에서 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내었다. 비록 그 함량은 낮았으나 구절초, 국화, 마리골드 '오렌지', 그리고 캐모마일은 각각 10종, 12종, 3종 및 13종이었다. 마리골드 '엘로'의 경우 검출된 모든 향기성분은 마리골드 '오렌지'나 다른 국화과 식물의 꽃차에서도 검출된 바, 향기 성분이 다양성이 다소 낮게 나타났다.