• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.61-63
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• 2015

Lymphedema of the upper limb after breast cancer surgery is a disease that carries a life-long risk and is difficult to cure once it occurs despite the various treatments which have been developed. Two patients were referred from general surgery department for intractable lymphedema. They were treated with stellate ganglion blocks (SGBs), and the circumferences of the mid-point of their each upper and lower arms were measured on every visit to the pain clinic. A decrease of the circumference in each patient was observed starting after the second injection. A series of blocks were established to maintain a prolonged effect. Both patients were satisfied with less swelling and pain. This case demonstrates the benefits of an SGB for intractable upper limb lymphedema.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.778-785
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• 2001

In Korea, the concerns about the consumption of soy-based infant formulas have received considerable public attention. In has been known that the n-3/n-6 ratio of soy has a beneficial effect on the health. This study was conducted to investigate whether the soy-based infant formula has an effect on the composition of fatty acids in erythrocytes with regard to the plasma lipid levels in full-term infants. The infants who were delivered at Kyung Hee Medical Center were recruited. Experimental groups were the breast milk group(n=17), soy-based infant formula group(n=12) and casein-based infant formula group(n=19). Anthrophometic and dietary assessments were performed and the composition of RBC fatty acids and blood lipid levels were measured. The body weight, length, chest circumference and head circumference of the subjects were normal growth range showing no significant difference among the experimental groups. The ratio of n-3/n-6 ratio in breast milk, soy-based infant formula and casein-based infant formula were 0.11, 0.14 and 0.13, respectively. N-3/n-6 ratio of the subjects erythrocyte fatty acids for each groups were 0.18, 0.21 and 0.17, respectively. Most of the fatty acids of erythrocyte were not significantly different among the three experimental groups. The blood lipid levels of each experimental group were normal range. The total lipid level of casein-based formula group was higher than that of other experimental groups and LDL-cholesterol level of soy-based formula group was the lowest among the three groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 1976

We arrive at the conclusion as follows as for the connection between dietary life, hours of exercise and growth of body, based on the survey of their height, this circumference of the breast and their body weight, and the questionnaires to the pupils of 36,547 in totals (contained the primary and middle school boys and girls) in four districts(named A, B, C and D district) of Jeonlla Bug Do from April, 1970 to March, 1973. (1) The growth in height. The boys from 6 to 7 years old are nearly same in all districts, but as age increases, those of A district grow more rapidly than those of B, C and D districts, while those of B, C and D districts grow almost samely. The girls already from 6 years old on are different between A district and B, C, D district. The average of height in Jeonlla Bug Do is not different from that of Gyungi Do and whole nation in the pupils from 6 to 11 years old, and that of Japan from 6 to 7 of age, while it falls behind them as age increases. (2) The growth in the circumference of the breast. The boys from 6 to 9 years old show nearly the same tendency in all districts, after that age the boys in A district tend to grow rapidly, those in B district most fall behind, and those in C, D districts show the same tendency. Contrasted with height the growth in the circumference of the breast does not show the difference in each district so far as 14 of age, but after 15 years old it shows a little difference by falling behind of pupils in A district, while those B, C, D districts show almost the same tendency. The average of the circumference of the breast in Jeonlla Bug Do of the pupils from 10 to 11 of age is almost same to that of Gyungi Do, whole nation and Japan, but shows difference after that age. (3) The growth of body weight. The body weight of boys over-all the investigated whole age shows the superiority in A district and a little lowness in D district which is almost same to that of B, C districts. In that of girls, A district is superior in from 6 to 9 of age, and all districts are nearly same after that age. The average in Jeonlla Bug Do is one and the same to those of Gyungi Do, whole nation and Japan as in the height, but shows the great difference as years grow. (4) The dietary life of the pupils in Jeonlla Bug Do depends chiefly upon a carbohydrate and is very low in the intake of fat and protein. Connected with a view point of districts, the intake of protein is a little more in A district than in the other districts, and is nearly same in the other districts. They tend more to eat mixed food, but about 40% of them do not yet eat it. The contents and taking of lunch is bad in the highest degree, to which their parents are entirely indifferent. As far as the hours of exercise are concerned with, about 40% of all pupils must go to the school from very far, which gives them the heavy physical suffering, and especially it is remarked that the middle school boys and girls should attend school from farther than the primary school boys and girls.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to design Jugori model compatible with the body types of the middle-aged women especially from 40 to 59 years old. The result is as follows: We decided five items as the necessary items for designing jugori model : the bust girth (the breast & shoulder width), the B.P length, the neck width, the armhole circumference, and Hwa-jang. The breast & shoulder width are the size that comes out if the bust is divided by the breast & shoulder width on the basis of the side line, and Hwa-jang is a length measured with arms stretched out to 0° direction. With each person's physical characteristics considered, the application of the size of each body types and body parts is as follows: 1. The breast & shoulder width (1/4 portion) : We decided B/4+2cm as a standard size and, we adjusted the extra room on the basis of the discrepancy between the breast width and the shoulder width to make it fit well to the each body type. For the breast width (1/2 portion), we bisected the difference between the breast width and the shoulder width of the bust, and moved Gut-sup to the center of the Sup and Sup-sun for An-sup. According to the body type, the movement of the Sup for the people with big breasts gets bigger because there should be a big difference between the breast width and the shoulder width for them, and for the people with small breasts the movement will be relatively smaller. For the shoulder width (1/2 portion), we curved the back center line after we shortened as much as the difference between the amount of the shoulder width/2+1cm and of B/4+2cm. The movement of back center line will be bigger for a person with leaned-backward body type. 2. The front & back length: We made the front length to B.P length+2.5cm to have Jugori cover the breast point fully around the bust line, which is a vogue nowadays. For an upright body type, we decided the back length as (AH/2.2)+5cm. And for a bent-forward and a leaned-backward body type, we adjusted the calculation formulae differently taking the physical characteristics into account. We decided the back length (A) as (A.H/2.2)+5cm, and the front length (B) as the back length+5cm. So, (A+B) is the sum of the front length and the back length. Going back to the original formula, the front length is B.P+2.5cm. So, we can decide the back length if we subtract B.P+2.5cm from the sum of the front length and the back length. To make well-fit Jugoris, the front & back length are areas that we should pay attention to if we take each person's physical characteristics into consideration. 3. Go-dae (1/2 portion) : We decided Go-dae as the neck width/2+0.5cm. For an upright body type, because the base line which went down vertically from the tragion was straight, we generally decided Go-dae Dalim line as 1.0cm. But we decided Go-dae Dalim line down to 1.5cm for bent-forward type and up to 0.2cm for leaned-backward type because the upper half of the body of them was bent forward or leaned backward from the base line. 4. The armhole : We decided the armhole circumference as A.H/2+2cm with the whole extra room of 4cm. 5. The side line length : We can calculate the side line length to (the back length-the armhole)/2, and, in terms of the trend, 2.5cm will be appropriate.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.377-384
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• 2021

Purpose: This study examined the effects of a breastfeeding coaching program for mothers on growth and neonatal jaundice in late preterm infants (LPIs). Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study (non-randomized intervention) with a time-series design. The study was conducted among 40 LPIs who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of a university hospital in Daegu, South Korea. In the order of admission, the first 21 infants were assigned to the experimental group, and 19 were assigned to the control group. The intervention program consisted of home- based and web-based practical breastfeeding support education for mothers across a total of 5 sessions. Infant growth was measured using body weight, length, and head circumference, and neonatal jaundice was assessed using transcutaneous bilirubin levels. Results: The likelihood of breastfeeding for infants in the experimental group at 4 weeks after discharge was the same as on the day of discharge, whereas it steadily decreased in the control group. There were significant differences in head circumference between the groups. However, weight, length, and transcutaneous bilirubin levels did not show a significant group-time interaction. Conclusion: A formal breastfeeding coaching program should be considered in clinical settings and at home within the first few weeks postpartum.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.621-634
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• 2012

With comparative analysis of running-type brassieres on the market about suitability for middle-aged women, this study is to provide basic data of running-type brassieres' pattern which is highly suitable. In the pursuit of this purpose, this study carried out wearing experiment targeting 3 middle-aged women with normal body shape which is 85B of chest circumference. The result is as follows. The significant difference was recognized in the breast. The products were rated in order of C>A>B>D, E, F, G>H by the observers, and C>B>D>A>F>E=G>H by the subjects. The significant difference was recognized in the armhole area. The products were ranked in the order of C, D>B, G, E>A, F, H by the observes and D, C>B>G>F>A>H by the subjects. The significant difference was also recognized in 6 categories(14~19) for the torso. According to the overall average values, the products were rated in the order of B, C, D>A, D, F, G by the observers and B=D>C>H>F>G>A>E by the subjects. The overall evaluation exhibited the significant difference. The products were ranked in the order of D>C>E>B>H>A>G>F by both observers and subjects. Therefore it was confirmed that the product D was appropriate in general. To conclude of comparative analysis about 8 kinds of running-type brassieres on the market, the average values of the product C and D in all categories had high marks for each category. The product C was comfortable and capable of covering the breast well, however, a gap was formed in outside-up part. The product D, made from lacy fabric, was very comfortable and well-fitted but there was inconsistency between the mold-cup and the breast shape.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.277-302
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to suggest fundamental information about wearing method and production of brassiere, which is suitable for physiological hygiene and efficient action for elderly women. The subject is 418 elderly women aged 50∼69 years old. Data is processed by a computer(SAS) and is analyzed by using frequency, percentage, x²-test. The main results of this study are as follows. 1. Elderly women'weight and breast size are higher thant their younger counterparts'in their 20's, but the older and poorer women with more children have smaller weight and breast. Most of the elderly women feel that their breasts are drooped or falling apart. I fact, those elderly women who gave birth to more children have more drooped and wider breasts. The major type of elderly women'breast is the 'drooped breast' featured more by those elderly women who have more children. 2. Most of the elderly women began to wear the brassiere for the first time in their 20's the older women with more children began to wear the brassiere earlier, while those less educated and poorer began to protect their breasts with brassiere later. Many elderly women wear the brassiere to be protected from dirt, noise or look more neat, but day tend to wear the brassiere not all day around but at certain times, older, less educated and proper women with more children tend to use the brassiere for etiquette and less often. This group of elderly women feel tedious, stage or uncomfortable for the brassiere. 3. Most of the elderly women know about their brassiere size. Such variables as age, education and income are correlated positively with the interest in and consciousness of the brassiere size. All in all, the statistical distribution of elderly women's brassiere size is very wide, while most of them use 90A, 85A and 95A sizes. On the other hand, the most popular size of the under bust circumference is 85∼90cm, while their primary cup size is A.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.159-170
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• 2019

The growth accelerator period from a child's body into an adult body is a huge transition characterized by rapid growth in the near term. Body shape changes at this time of growth should be continually studied because they can result in different outcomes due to various variables. This study is basic study for the production of a junior brassiere patternmaking was conducted to separate the upper torso and breasts of adolescents by growth level. Analysis was conducted by age classification according to sales trends. In this study. 3D body shape data of Korean girls, Based on the 6th Size Korea data, analyzed statistically the upper body and breast according to the rate of growth. The results of this study represent the basis for the development of a junior brassiere to help lead a better life in regards to clothing. The study used 3D-data from girls aged 13 to 18. The analysis indicates that the upper body is in a different shape at age 15 with an increasing circumference, width and shoulder length of the chest; in addition, the sides are analyzed differently, suggesting that the brassiere configuration should be made differently at age 15. The breast form also showed different growth patterns at age 13 and the result was that the shape of the cup in brassiere should be configured differently depending on type.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.31-54
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• 2024

Objectives: This study assessed the effectiveness of Hwanggigyejiomul-tang for postoperative breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) by a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: A search was conducted using keywords such as "breast cancer", "lymphedema", "edema", "Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction", "Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu tang", and "Hwanggigyejiomul tang" in 10 databases (PubMed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, CNKI, CiNii, RISS, KISS, ScienceON, OASIS, DBpia) on February 11, 2024. There were no limits on the publication period and language, and the quality of the studies was evaluated using Cochrane's risk of bias tool. A meta-analysis was performed based on the outcome measurements, such as total effective rate (TER), increase in shoulder joint mobility (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction), Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA), and visual analog scale (VAS) using Review Manager Web. Results: Eleven RCTs were selected. The treatment group (Hwanggigyejiomul-tang-gagambang or hapbang with control group intervention) showed a more statistically significant effect compared with the control group (physical therapy or western medicine) in TER (upper limb circumference change), TER (upper limb edema grade change), increase in flexion angle, increase in extension angle, increase in adduction angle, FMA, and VAS. Conclusions: Hwanggigyejiomul-tang is effective in treating postoperative BCRL. However, because of the low quality of the included studies, more clinical studies are required to increase the possibility of clinical use.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.117-128
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to find fitness of brassiere by means of body measuring value, its variation volume, the evaluation of perceptive image, and the evaluation of the sense of wearing. The results were as follows; 1) According to comparison for body measuring value before and after wearing brassiere, bust point (B.P.) height, lower bust height, upper chest circumference, chest circumference, and bust depth are increased, and lower chest circumference, bust point breadth, shoulder middle point - B.P., B.P. -under bust, and cup horizontal girth are decreased. 2) The difference of variation volume by material is not accepted. The part above $20\%$ at variation rate is under the region of the armpit, that is, the region connected arm from the back. 3) The subjects replied that they wore the brassiere in order to compensate the breast and needed to wear it regardless of thiness and obesity. They wore the brassiere in order to dress themselves in good shape, and felt that it put pressure upon the body, while it had nothing to do with adjusting bodily temperature and gave the sense of security. 4) The estimate of the sense of wearing by material is recognized as the difference of the attention at attentive level $1\%$. The multiple factor analysis of each item in the sense of wearing showed that the items which are explained over $90\%$ by common factors are '1. Unpreasant in touch', '2. The part of edge is haggard', '15. Not to be fit'.