• 한국연초학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.146-151
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• 2007

Gas phase and particulate phase radicals in mainstream cigarette smoke were determined Electron Spin Resonance(ESR) spectroscopy. The free radicals in particulate phase have been investigated by benzene extract of Cambridge Filter Pad containing the smoke condensate. Spin trapping method in conjunction with ESR was used to investigate free radicals in the gas phase of cigarette smoke. Several analytical experiments were conducted in order to determine the optimal conditions for maximum signal intensities and reproducibility of results. All the tests were optimized and normalized using the University of Kentucky 2R4F reference cigarette. The optimal conditions were 0.6 mL for analysis volume of ESR, $4{\sim}5\;mL$ for collection volume of spin-adducts, and PBN for quantification of free radicals in gas phase. The radical levels of Kentucky 2R4F cigarettes were found $2.18{\times}10^{14}\;spins/cig.$ and $2.10{\times}10^{15}\;spins/cig.$ in gas phase.

• 약학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.123-128
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• 1982

Direct inlet/MS was used to investigate the pyrolysis pathway and the pyrolyzates of tobacco polyphenols as precursor of catechol which has been known as one of the most potent co-carcinogen from cigarette smoke. Caffeic acid, catechol and quercetin, catechol were detected from the pyrolyzates of chlorogenic acid and rutin, respectively. Interrelationship between polyphenols from tobacco leaf and catechol from cigarette smoke was investigated by using HPLC and GC. These results reveal that chlorogenic acid is the most significant precursor of catechol in cigarette smoke.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.38-45
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• 2002

This study was conducted to determine the smoke component concentration and the smoke distribution in the cambridge filter pad and cigarette filter with stalk position and grade of Korean leaf tobaccos. 12 grades of flue-cured and burley leaf tobaccos which were taken from the Kim-cheon and Ock-cheon leaf tobacco processing factory were used for this study. Six kinds of smoke components such as tar, nicotine, water, carbon monoxide(CO), carbon dioxide($CO_2$) puff No. collected in the cambridge filter pad and cigarette filter were analyzed. Also, nicotine/tar, CO/tar ratio were calculated from the analytical data. Puff no., CO, and $CO_2$ concentration of flue-cured and burley tobacco leaves at high stalk position were higher than those of low stalk position, and these components were increased in high grade of leaf tobacco. Compared with flue-cured tobacco, burley tobacco showed a little values of puff no., nicotine, and tar concentration. The pH range of burley tobaccos was broader than that of flue-cured tobaccos, and the ammonia concentration of burley tobaccos was significantly higher than that of flue-cured tobaccos. The pH value and ammonia concentration of burley tobaccos were decreased as stalk position of leaf tobaccos decreased. The distribution of smoke components collected in the cambridge filter pad and cigarette filter was different with a different grade and stalk position of tobacco leaves. In high stalk position of tobacco leaves, the portion of smoke components collected in the cambridge filter pad was also increased. The average nicotine, water, and tar removal efficiency by a cigarette filter in a flue-cured tobacco were 37%, 64%, and 48%, respectively. Compared with flue-cured tobaccos, smoke components of burley tobaccos had high nicotine and low water removal efficiency by a cigarette filter. The average ratio of nicotine/tar and CO/tar of flue-cured tobaccos and burley tobaccos were 0.097, 1.22, 0.094, and 0.97, in order. Nicotine/tar ratio was decreased and CO/tar ratio was increased in low stalk position.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2001

This study was conducted to determine the smoke component distribution and the relationship between chemical components and physical characteristics of cigarettes. 16 different cigarette brands which were sold in the market were selected for this study. Five kinds of smoke components which have been tar, nicotine, water, carbon monoxide(CO) puff No., and six kinds of physical characteristics which were filter type, leaf weight, filter weight, UPD, EPD, dilution rate were analyzed. The average values in tar, nicotine, water, CO concentration were 6.5 mg/cig. 0.66 mg/cig, 1.12 mg/cig. and 6.32 mg/cig., respectively. The average ratios of nicotine/tar and CO/tar were 0.10, and 1.02 respectively. The distribution of smoke components collected in the cambridge filter and cigarette filter was different. The averages of tar and nicotine removal efficiency by a cigarette filter were 53%, and 48%, respectively. All smoking components were positively correlated with other smoking components. filter types, EPD, and dilution rate were showed high correlation to the changes of smoke components. Especially, dilution rate of cigarette strongly affected on the changes of all smoke components.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2009

In this study, we investigated the existence of melamine and cyanuric acid in cigarette smoke because leaf tobacco contains lots of nitrogen compounds and they are capable of pyrolytic synthesis while smoking. The extraction and derivatization conditions of two compounds were performed according to the procedure of U.S. Food and Drug Administration(FDA). Ky3R4F as reference cigarette was smoked on ISO condition(Puff volumne : 35 ml, duration : 60 sec, Interval : 2 sec). Compared with the results Ky3R4F and standard solution, retention time of two compounds was not corresponded. As a result, we concluded that melamine and cyanuric acid were not existed in cigarette smoke.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.281-287
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• 2006

Cigarette smoke causes atypical structure of pulmonary and oxidative damage. Therefore, we carried out to determine if exposure to cigarette smoke alters pulmonary structure and anti-oxidant related enzyme in a animal model, when natural product extracts using by Nebulizer. The rat were divided into four groups: $H_2O-treated$ (Control), natural product (Camellia sinensis) extracts-treated (CS), natural product extracts-treated with cigarette smoke-exposed (CS+SM) and cigarette smoke-expose (SM). All groups are similar to Control group in weight, but SM group is lower than the other groups. Microscopic image of the pulmonary structure in SM group showed deleterious alterations in the morphology, but the other groups are maintained in normal structure. In anti-oxidant related enzymes, SOD (superoxide dismutase) and catalase, SM group represents the lowest enzyme activity among all groups. But G6PD (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) and LPO (lipid peroxidation) is SM group represents the highest enzyme activity among all groups. These result indicate that the natural product extracts is an efficient tissue protective substance against smoke-induced lung injury.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2003

Among the most popular means of mainstream smoke collection for specific analysis are solvent traps. Determination of the carbonyl compounds as their 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones(DNPHs) by HPLC offers increased sensitivity and reproducibility in the analysis of mainstream cigarette smoke. In this work, the mainstream smoke of a reference cigarette(lR4F) was collected in four kinds of gas washing bottles and their effects on the analysis of carbonyl compounds were investigated. The results show that the porosity of fritted glass filter in gas washing bottles exerted profound effect on the composition of the carbonyl compounds in mainstream smoke.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 1993

Nitric oxide of gas phase in cigarette smoke was conveniently determined by Chemiluminescence NO analyzer with 20 ports rotary type smoking machine Data are presented to support this observation. On the basis of this method the amount of NO in the smoke from nonblended and commercial cigarettes were estimated. Gas phase NO concentration in main stream smoke was correlated well with the nitrate levels in tobacco leaves, but there was no correlation with the tar yields. In consequence, it would be considered that the methodology in this study provided simple and rapid quantification for NO in cigarette smoke.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.471-474
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• 2009

Formaldehyde (FA) is a carcinogenic compound present in cigarette smoke. In this study, the amount of formaldehyde was analyzed in 5 kinds of cigarettes and the inhibitory effect of plant volatile extracts on the formation of FA was investigated. After extraction of the cigarette sample, FA was converted into its thiazolidine derivatives by reaction with cysteamine, and then measured using a gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphorus detector (GC-NPD). The concentrations of FA in cigarette smoke were found between 138.24 and $217.82{\mu}mol/g$ cigarette smoke. Extracts isolated from Welsh onion (Allium cepa L.), garlic (Allium sativum L.), crown daisy (Chrylsanthemum coronarium L.), green pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), and sesame dropwort (Oenanthe javanica DC) were used for analyzing their inhibitory effects on the formation of FA. The inhibitory effects of extracts of Welsh onion, garlic, crown daisy, green pepper, and sesame dropwort on the formation of FA were 64, 47, 38, 47, and 19%, respectively.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 1997

Cigarette is the risk factor of Lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and ischemic heart disease. So I have studied the effect of Macmoondongtang in rat exposed to cigarette smoke. Thirty-six healthy rat subjects were divided into 6 groups-the control group(sample I), the groups of administration of Platycodi Radix(sampleII), Adenophorae Radix(sampleIII), Liriopsis Tuber(sampleIV), Maximowicziae Fructus(sample V) and Macmoondongtang(sample VI), and expose to cigarette per day for 12 days. 1. On level of leckocyte are significant all the group of sampleII, sampleIII, sample IV, sample V, sample VI on 6th day and singificant the groups of sampleIV, sample V on 12th day. 2. On level of hemoglobin are singificant the groups of sample IV, sample V, sample VI, on 6th day, and significant sample II, sample III, sample IV, sample V, sample VI on 12th day. 3. On platelet level are significant all the group of sampleII, sample III, sample IV, sample V, sample VI on 12th day. 4. On SOD activity are significant all the groups of sample IV, sample VI, on 6th day, and significant sampleII, sample III, sample VI on 12th day. According to the results, Macmoondogtang is effective to risk of cigarette smoke.