• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.1-3
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• 2007

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.195-201
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• 1988

In general relativity, analyzing causality is central to the study of black holes, to cosmology, and to each of the major recent mathematical theorems. By causality we refer to the general question of which points in a space-time can be joined by causal curves; relativistically which events can influence (be influenced by) a given event. Various causality conditions have been developed for space-times of the problems associated with examples of causality violations (2, 4). Causally continuous space-times were defined by Hawking and Sachs (5). Budic and Sachs (3) established causal completion. A metrizable topology on the causal completion of a causally continuous space-time was studied by Beem(1). Recently the region of space-time where causal continuity is violated was studied by Ishikawa (6) and Vyas and Akolia (8). In this paper we show characterization for reflectingness in terms of continuity of set valued functions. We investigate some properties of the region related to a causally continuous space-time where distinguishingness is violated, and characterize the chronology condition in terms of distinguishing-violated region.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2018

Gyoojoon Lee is a prominent figure of Confucianism and traditional medicine representing southern region of Korea during late $19^{th}$ and early $20^{th}$ century, but studies on his achievements were just started merely a decade ago. We would provide foundation for the further multidisciplinary study on his legacy. We reviewed his chronology, written works, interactions with intellectual figures, and current studies on his works to provide foundations for more thorough research on his legacy. We found he has wide spectrum of studies in medicine, confucianism, literature, humanism and philosophy during the late Chosun dynasty, Korean empire and Japanese colonization period. He wrote twenty five books in diverse fields and was found to have interactions with fifty seven figures with idea during his lifetime which need more detailed examination. Multidisciplinary studies on Gyoojoon Lee is guaranteed for the future in depth study on his works including Buyunglon (theory of supporting Yang).

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.69-88
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• 2017

Since the beginning of the human world, man has tried to prove his presence on the earth. Wherever he moved, he left his marks in different forms. Whether he lived in caves, in open spaces or in-built structures, he left evidence in art form, the earliest of which are the cave paintings found in various regions of the world. These transformed into open spaces where man carved and painted images and writings on rock faces and boulders. Although Pakistan provided an early home to such art forms, they have been discovered in Kashmir for the first time and will be revealed in this paper. In the present survey, a great number of rock art sites were found and documented in detail. These rock art sites display the earliest communities who settled down or traveled through the region, highlighting their thoughts, beliefs and practices. The tentative chronology of these rock art sites ranges from Neolithic to Hindu periods, creating an interesting mosaic in the historic profile of Kashmir.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.113-116
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to find out the direction for a process of change of the Community Space of Apartment Complex in national capital. Before looking at the change of Community Space of Apartment Complex, the study has been made of the chronological change in the policy of the house and the kind of Community Space since the 1960's. The method of this study is analyzing the existing study and the case study that is systematized present situation of each Community Space. The following are found out from this study, the policy of house in Korea has been developed to suitable direction, Community Space of the Apartment has been varied for the living environment in quality.

• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.149-159
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• 2002

Prepositional stranding (P-Stranding), which was possible only in certain types of constructions in Old English, began to be allowed more freely in the Middle English (ME) period, resulting in many new types of P-Stranding. Although many relevant studies have tried to account for the development of these new P-Stranding types, none of them or no combination of them seem to adequately explain how the new types came into being in ME and why they occurred in the order in which they occurred. In this paper, I explain why the development of new P-Stranding types in Middle English cannot be properly explained by any of the previous studies and then provide an alternative account of the advent of each new type of P-Stranding and the chronology involved on the basis of the displacement of the prepositional object from PP (DPO), a constraint on DPO (DPO), and the subject requirement (SubjR).

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 1992

The paleoclimate of the Chungbu Mountainous Region, Mts. Seorak and Sobaek, was estimated by means of dendroclimatic methodology, The annual growth value of tree-rings is deeply interrelated with the mean temperature of April-May and July-August. The mean temperature of April-May of the reconstruction period(1635-1911), observation period(1912-1989), and the whole period(1635-1989) is 13.58$^{\circ}C$, 13.69$^{\circ}C$, and 13.6$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. That of July-August is $24.50^{\circ}C$, $24.62^{\circ}C$, and $24.58^{\circ}C$ respectively. The reconstructed mean temperature data for April-May and for July-August reveal 13.2 and 12.9 year cycles.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.5-16
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is how to occur the temporality in Digital Gameplay. There is two types of time in Gameplay. One is Irreversibility time that goes passed through a game world like a chronology order. Another is Reversibility time that returns and renews the time. The time's duality is caused by player's intervene and experience. And the polychronic temporality in gameplay makes the rhythm as replay and eternal cyclic time.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.39-56
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• 2002

The results of geoarchaeological studies of the prehistoric cultural complexes on the Russian Far East (Primorye, or Maritime Province; the Amur River basin; and Sakhalin Island) are presented. Upper Palaeolithic sites are dated to ca. 40,000-10,500 B.P. They existed during the mild climate of the Chernoruchie interstadial (ca. 40,000-21,000 B.P.); during harsh climate at the Last Glacial Maximum, ca. 20,000-18,000 B.P., in several places on the Russian Far East (Primorye, Amur River basin, and Sakhalin); and during climatic amelioration in the Late Glacial time, ca. 16,000-10,500 B.P. The earliest Neolithic sites, represented by Osipovka and Gromatukha cultures, existed at ca. 13,000-10,000 B.P. in the environment of coniferous forests with admixture of broadleaved taxa. Since ca. 8000 B.P., Neolithic cultures appeared in all of the Russian Far East. They existed until ca. 3000 B.P., first during the Holocene Climatic Optimum, ca. 8000-5000 B.P., in the environment of coniferous-broadleaved forests, and later, at ca. 5000-3000 B.P., in the environment of birch-oak and coniferous forests.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 2017

This study aimed at more precisely estimating the age of big old trees using dendrochronological method. Gesan-gun in Chungbuk (CBGS), Gurye-gun in Jeonnam (JNGR) and Uljin-gun in Gyeongbuk (GBUJ) were study areas and Zelkova serrata (ZS) and Pinus densiflora (PD) selected as protected trees therein were used as experimental tree species. The increment cores were extracted from 12, 8, and 6 ZSs and 10, 3, and 9 PDs in CBGS, JNGR, and GBUJ, respectively, using an increment borer (${\phi}5.2mm$). In order to clearly distinguish tree-ring boundary, the surface in the transverse section was cut for ZS using a sliding microtome and sanded for PD using a sand paper. Ring widths were measured in the resolution of 0.01 mm. Based on the measurement values, 203-year long (1813-2015) ZS local master tree-ring chronologies were successfully established and 175-year long (1841-2015) ZS local master tree-ring chronology for JNGR was also successfully established. In the case of PD, 154-, 175-, and 250-year long local master tree-ring chronologies for CBGS, JNGR, and GBUJ were successfully established, respectively. In the comparisons between local master tree-ring chronologies, they showed low t-values and Glks. According to the comparisons of the local master tree-ring chronologies with 50-year (1950~2000) average temperature and precipitation distribution maps, the annual variations of local master tree-ring chronologies seem to be determined by not temperature but precipitation. For such cross-dating therefore more local master tree-ring chronologies have to be established at the least based on the distribution map for precipitation.