• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제85권2호
• /
• pp.122-136
• /
• 2022

Although chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) have distinct clinical features, both diseases may coexist in a patient because they share similar risk factors such as smoking, male sex, and old age. Patients with both emphysema in upper lung fields and diffuse ILD are diagnosed with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE), which causes substantial clinical deterioration. Patients with CPFE have higher mortality compared with patients who have COPD alone, but results have been inconclusive compared with patients who have idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Poor prognostic factors for CPFE include exacerbation, lung cancer, and pulmonary hypertension. The presence of interstitial lung abnormalities, which may be an early or mild form of ILD, is notable among patients with COPD, and is associated with poor prognosis. Various theories have been proposed regarding the pathophysiology of CPFE. Biomarker analyses have implied that this pathophysiology may be more closely associated with IPF development, rather than COPD or emphysema. Patients with CPFE should be advised to quit smoking and undergo routine lung function tests, and pulmonary rehabilitation may be helpful. Various pharmacologic agents and surgical approaches may be beneficial in patients with CPFE, but further studies are needed.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제79권1호
• /
• pp.5-13
• /
• 2016

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic and progressive inflammatory disease of the airways and lungs that results in limitations of continuous airflow and is caused by exposure to noxious gasses and particles. A major cause of morbidity and mortality in adults, COPD is a complex disease pathologically mediated by many inflammatory pathways. Macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and CD8+ T-lymphocytes are the key inflammatory cells involved in COPD. Recently, the non-coding small RNA, micro-RNA, have also been intensively investigated and evidence suggest that it plays a role in the pathogenesis of COPD. Here, we discuss the accumulated evidence that has since revealed the role of each inflammatory cell and their involvement in the immunopathogenesis of COPD. Mechanisms of steroid resistance in COPD will also be briefly discussed.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제84권3호
• /
• pp.188-199
• /
• 2021

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic respiratory disease with increased prevalence in the elderly. Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosome, which progressively shorten as cells divide. Telomere length is known to be a molecular marker of aging. This study aimed to assess the relationship between telomere length and the risk of COPD, lung function, respiratory symptoms, and emphysema index in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Dusty Areas (CODA) cohort. Methods: We extracted DNA from the peripheral blood samples of 446 participants, including 285 COPD patients and 161 control participants. We measured absolute telomere length using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. All participants underwent spirometry and quantitative computed tomography scan. Questionnaires assessing respiratory symptoms and the COPD Assessment Test was filled by all the participants. Results: The mean age of participants at the baseline visit was 72.5±7.1 years. Males accounted for 72% (321 participants) of the all participants. The mean telomere length was lower in the COPD group compared to the non-COPD group (COPD, 16.81±13.90 kb; non-COPD, 21.97±14.43 kb). In COPD patients, 112 (75.7%) were distributed as tertile 1 (shortest), 91 (61.1%) as tertile 2 and 82 (55%) as tertile 3 (longest). We did not find significant associations between telomere length and lung function, exacerbation, airway wall thickness, and emphysema index after adjusting for sex, age, and smoking status. Conclusion: In this study, the relationship between various COPD phenotypes and telomere length was analyzed, but no significant statistical associations were shown.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.203-216
• /
• 2011

Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of bee venom on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods : In this study, LPS was administrated to Balb/c mice to induce a disease that resembles COPD. 2 hr prior to LPS administration, mice were treated with bee venom via an intraperitoneal injection. Total cell number and neutrophils number in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were counted and pro-inflammatory cytokines were also measured. For histologic analysis, periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains were evaluated. Proliferating cell nuclear antigens (PCNA) were also assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results : On 7 days after LPS stimulation, influx of neutrophils significantly decreased in the bee venom group, compared with the COPD group. In addition, TNF-a and IL-6 levels decreased in bee venom group. Histological results also demonstrated the attenuation effect of bee venom on LPS-induced lung inflammation. Conclusions : These data suggest that bee venom has protective effects on LPS-induced lung inflammation. Therefore, bee venom may represent a novel therapeutic agent for lung inflammation and in particular for COPD.

• 응용통계연구
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.329-342
• /
• 2018

노모그램은 질병의 위험 요인과 예측 확률을 쉽게 이해할 수 있도록 시각적으로 표현하는 통계적 도구이다. 본 논문은 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)의 위험 요인을 이용하여 로지스틱 회귀모형과 순수 베이지안 분류기 모형의 노모그램을 구축하고 이를 비교하였다. 분석 데이터는 국민건강영양조사 6기(2013-2015)를 이용하여 진행하였다. 총 6개의 위험 요인을 이용하였다. 그리고 로지스틱 회귀모형, 순수 베이지안 분류기 모형과 각각의 구축 방법을 이용하여 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환의 노모그램을 제시하였다. 또한, 구축된 두 노모그램을 비교하여 유용성을 살펴보았다. 마지막으로 ROC curve와 Calibration plot을 통하여 각 노모그램을 검증하였다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제80권4호
• /
• pp.317-324
• /
• 2017

Small airway disease (SAD) has been recognized for many years as a central feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Histopathology studies have shown that the narrowing and destruction of small airways in COPD combined with inflammatory cell infiltration in the submucosa increases the severity of the disease. SAD is present in the early stages of COPD and becomes more widespread over time as the disease progresses to more severe COPD. The development of inhalers containing extra-fine particles allows the small airways to be pharmacologically targeted. Recent clinical trials have shown the efficacy of extra-fine triple therapy that targets the small airways in patients with COPD. This article reviews the importance and treatment of SAD in COPD.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제86권2호
• /
• pp.71-81
• /
• 2023

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects close to 400 million people worldwide. COPD is characterized by significant airflow limitation on spirometry. Most patients with COPD are diagnosed in their fifth or sixth decades of life. However, the disease begins much earlier. By the time airflow limitation is detected on spirometry, patients with COPD have lost close to 50% of their small airways. Thus, identification of patients with early COPD, defined as persons with preserved spirometry, who demonstrate pathologic or functional hallmarks of COPD, is essential for disease modification and ultimately disease elimination. This paper provides an up-to-date overview of the current case definition of early COPD, its importance, the novel technologies required for its detection in young adults and future directions in therapeutics for treatment.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제80권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2017

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a critical condition with high morbidity and mortality. Although several medications are available, there are no definite treatments. However, recent advances in the understanding of stem and progenitor cells in the lung, and molecular changes during re-alveolization after pneumonectomy, have made it possible to envisage the regeneration of damaged lungs. With this background, numerous studies of stem cells and various stimulatory molecules have been undertaken, to try and regenerate destroyed lungs in animal models of COPD. Both the cell and drug therapies show promising results. However, in contrast to the successes in laboratories, no clinical trials have exhibited satisfactory efficacy, although they were generally safe and tolerable. In this article, we review the previous experimental and clinical trials, and summarize the recent advances in lung regeneration therapy for COPD. Furthermore, we discuss the current limitations and future perspectives of this emerging field.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.525-528
• /
• 2000

We report the treatment case of patient for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The patient was 65 year-old woman with the history of smoking and asthma. She had complained of dyspnea, hyperpnea, cough and wheezing sound. We treated her with general management, bronchodilator and five kinds of herbal medicine(Samjahwadamjeon etc). Among them, the major herbal medicine is Samjahwadamjeon. Having been treated for 35 days, the patient improved in clinical symptoms and pulmonary function in PFT(Pulmonary function test).

• 수면정신생리
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.8-15
• /
• 2020

Sleep disorder in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is common and typically is associated with oxygen desaturation. The mechanisms of desaturation include hypoventilation and ventilation to perfusion mismatch. Despite the importance of sleep in patients with COPD, this topic is under-assessed in clinical practice. Impaired sleep quality is associated with more severe COPD and may contribute to worse clinical outcomes. Recent data have indicated that specific respiratory management of patients with COPD and sleep disordered breathing improves clinical outcomes. Clinicians managing patients with COPD should pay attention to and actively manage symptoms of comorbid sleep disorders. Management of sleep-related problems in COPD should particularly focus on minimizing sleep disturbance.