• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.7-18
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• 1969

Researches to determine the infectious status on the pancreatic fluke, Eurytrema pancreaticum(Janson 1889) Looss, 1907, were made into several slaughter hauses at four different districts through seven years from 1963 to 1969. The infection rate showed 2962 positive of 5974 heads (49.6%) of cattle at the Seoul first slaughter hause in Seoul, 881 positive of 1021 heads (86.3%) in Cheju, and six(6) positive of 56 heads (11.1%) at Suwon, 58 positive of 306 heads(19.0%)at Joenju. The infection rate 53.1%, (2907 positive heads of total 7357 heads exammed) is the representative infection rate at the cattle eurytremiasis in Korea. It showed little variation through a year and was increased as compared with those of the past period, from 1915 to 1945. Fecal examinations in order to find out the local distribution of the pancreatic fluke were conducted on cattle, sheep, and goats raised in four districts, showing two(2) of 269 heads (0.7%) in Kyonggi-do, 41 of 212 heads (19.3%) in Cheju-do, and negative in both Chungnam-do and Joenbuk-do. When an artificial infection wss performed on rabbits and goats with metacercaria of the pancreatic fluke, Parenchyma of their pancreas were degenerated and the ducts were dilated. When cattle and sheep were infected naturally, the pancreatic ducts were also dilated, the wall was thickened, and adenomatous and epithelial hyperplasia was appeared. The conclusion, putting the foregoing pathological changes, has been arrived at chronic hyperplastic pancreatitis in the eurytremiasis of cattle, sheep, goats and rabbits.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.181-186
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• 2002

To examine the fate of Strongyloides venezuelensis, Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguicalatus) were orally infected with 1,000 $L_{3}$ larvae per animal. Altogether, 50 gerbils divided into 5 groups of 10 each were monitored for a period of 570 days to document the kinetics of faecal egg output, adults worm population, morphological development, fecundity, and hematological changes including peripheral blood eosinophilia. This study chronicled a life long parasitism of S. venezuelensis in the gerbil host, and showed that S. venezuelensis infection was quite stable throughout the course of infection and the worms maintained their normal development as evidenced by their body dimension. A progressive loss of body condition of the infected gerbils was observed as the level of infection advanced. However, no detectable pathological changes were observed in the gastrointestinal tract. The present findings indicate that an immunocompetent host, such as the Mongolian gerbil, can serve as a life long carrier model of S. venezuelensis if the worms are not expelled within 570 days after infection.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 1975

Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative granulomatous disease due to Actinomyces israelii characterized by multiple abscess and sinus tract formation with dense fibrous scarring. This disease, especially thoracic infection, is very rare in Korea so we are not famiIliar with to make diagnosis and treatment. Otherwise the unspecificity of the clinical symptoms and the lack of adequate examination recedure (as anaerobic fungus culture) are the causes of misdiagnosis. Thoracic actinomycosis is very similar to chronic infectious disease of the lung and chest or thoracic neoplasm. Recently we experienced a case of thoracic actinomycosis (bronchopulmonary) which had been confused with chronic lung abscess and pathologically confirmed as broncho-pulmonary actinomycosis. The purpose of this report is to review our experience more thorouly to enhance consideration of Artinomycosis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.397-400
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• 2009

This article presents the case of a bilateral chronic subdural hematoma which was contaminated with Klebsiella pneumoniae and resulted in a life-threatening central nervous system infection. After repeated of bilateral burr-hole drainage, the patient became hyperpyrexic and drowsy. Suppuration within the subdural space was suspected and then the patient underwent bilateral fronto-temporo-parietal craniotomies, and pus was evacuated. Its cultures revealed Klebsiella pneumoniae. Intravenous meropenem was given for 6 weeks. He recovered completely. Microorganisms like Klebsiella pneumoniae may directly infect the subdural space with iatrogenic contamination.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.142-146
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• 2012

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance is a rare event in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection which acquires the disease early in life. A case study have examined with asymptomatic chronic hepatitis B carrier who exhibits HBsAg seroclearance in anti-HBe positive. We comprehensively studied the biochemical, virological and clinical aspects of a patient with HBsAg seroclearance. Liver biochemistry, serological markers, serum HBV DNA levels, and development of clinical complications were monitored. Mutation of hepatitis B virus is suspected serum HBsAg detected by the HBsAg assay systems of VITROS (OrthoClinical Diagnostics, USA), AxSYM (Abbott Laboratories, USA), Elecsys (Roche Diagnostics, Germany) and ADVIA Centaur (Bayer Diagnostics, USA). These four immunoassays showed negative results. Also, the patient had undetectable serum HBV DNA. Therefore, no mutation within the "a" determinant of HBsAg, which might escape detection from HBsAg immunoassay were found. Natural seroclearance was confirmed.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.174-185
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• 2006

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) were evolved to detect invading pathogens and to induce innate immune responses in order to mount host defense mechanisms. It becomes apparent that the activation of certain TLRs is also modulated by endogenous molecules including lipid components, fatty acids. Results from epidemiological and animal studies demonstrated that saturated and polyunsaturated dietary fatty acids can differentially modify the risk of development of many chronic diseases. Inflammation is now recognized as an important underlying etiologic condition for the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases. Therefore, if the activation of TLRs and consequent inflammatory and immune responses are differentially modulated by types of lipids in vivo, this would suggest that the risk of the development of chronic inflammatory diseases and the host defense against microbial infection may be modified by the types of dietary fat consumed.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.186-190
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• 2015

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in healthy individuals is usually asymptomatic and results in latent infection. CMV reactivation occasionally occurs in healthy individuals according to their immune status over time. T cell responses to CMV are restricted to a limited number of immunodominant epitopes, as compared to responses to other chronic or persistent viruses. This response results in progressive, prolonged expansion of CMV-specific $CD8^+$ T cells, termed 'memory inflation'. The expanded CMV-specific $CD8^+$ T cell population is extraordinarily large and is more prominent in the elderly. CMV-specific $CD8^+$ T cells possess rather similar phenotypic and functional features to those of replicative senescent T cells. In this review, we discuss the general features of CMV-specific inflationary memory T cells and the factors involved in memory inflation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.9 s.254
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• pp.656-659
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• 2005

Pulmonary mucormycosis is very rare but has a devastating opportunistic fungal infection in immunocompromised hosts. The infection usually occurs in patients with hematologic malignancy, chronic renal failure, diabetes mellitus, or in solid organ transplant recipients. We experienced a case of pulmonary mucormycosis associated with renal cadeveric allograft recipient who had uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. The patient was successfully treated by surgical resection with Amphotericin B therapy.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.9
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• pp.976-983
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• 2009

Urinary tract infection (UTI), the most common bacterial disease in childhood, is frequently associated with urinary tract anomalies (15-50%) and can induce renal scarring, which is a cause of hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Despite the high risk of renal scarring in infancy, the diagnosis may be delayed due to its nonspecific presenting symptoms; moreover, over-diagnosis is frequent due to the contamination of urine samples. The delay in diagnosis and treatment may induce sepsis or renal scar, while over-diagnosis is responsible for unnecessary antibiotic treatment and costly urinary imaging studies. UTI guidelines have been ever-changing for the past three decades, but some controversial issues remain. This article is a revision of the previous KSPN (Korean Society of Pediatric Nephrology) guideline and addresses the recent controversies concerning childhood UTI.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

The two distinctive clinical features of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) are varicella (chickenpox) by primary infection and zoster (singles) by the reactivation of latent infection. In addition to the two typical clinical symptoms mentioned above, diverse clinical manifestations have been reported as a result of VZV reactivation, including chronic radicular pain without rash, visual loss, facial palsy, dysphagia, sore throat, odynophagia, otalgia, hearing loss, dizziness, headache, hemiplegia, etc. Most of these symptoms are derived from neuropathy and vasculopathy of affected nerves and arteries. Diagnosis of VZV disease can be difficult if there is no appearance of a skin rash during development of atypical symptoms. In addition to natural infection, vaccination and anti-viral agent treatment have influenced the changes of epidemics and clinical presentations of varicella and zoster. In this article, diverse clinical manifestations caused by VZV reactivation, particular without skin rash, are reviewed.