• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 2008

This research investigated the influences of excessively careful driving as well as chronic disease and medications on dangerousness of traffic accident in elderly drivers. Ninety-one drivers aged 65 years and older participated in the research. To evaluate the driving behavior, we used the self-rating on driving ability questionnaire asking driving speed, the amount of driving and driving situation adaptability' and surveyed the drive career, the number of violations and accidents experience(crash, crashed) for last three years. A review of the driving patterns of elderly drivers showed that the speed and amount of driving were decreased by increasing age. 'Driving- Situational Adaptability (DSA)' consisted of 2 factors such as 'Social Environment(SE)' and 'Physical Environment(PE)'. Elderly drivers reported that their confidence level was lower in PE than in SE. Moreover they had higher difficulty and stress in PE than in SE. DSA of elderly drivers had significant correlations with 'crash' and 'crashed'. This implies that excessively careful driving of elderly drivers directly associated with accidents. Elderly drivers who have nervous system disease or gastritis had more crash accidents. The majority of elderly drivers which take medicine by chronic disease don't think that medications give don't difficulty or inconvenience in driving and constantly drives during a term of taking medicine.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.12-20
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• 2005

Purpose: Helicobacter pylori infection is known to be associated with acute or chronic abdominal pain and upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children. This study was performed to analyze the gastroduodenoscopic findings and the efficacy of triple therapy with omeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin between one and two weeks of duration in children with H. pylori infection. Methods: We have assessed retrospectively 60 patients presented with acute or chronic abdominal pain or upper gastrointestinal bleeding. H. pylori infection was confirmed by endoscopic biopsy and rapid urease test. Out of 60 patients, 30 patients were treated with a combination of omeprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin for one week, and the other 30 patients were treated for two weeks with the same medication. Efficacy of treatment was assessed 4 weeks after the termination of treatment by using the $^{13}C$ urea breath test. Results: The 60 patients with the complaint of diffuse abdominal pain, epigastric pain, vomiting or hematemesis were included in this study. One-week treatment group (group I) consisted of 30 patients (14 male, 16 female) with mean age of $11.6{\pm}2.67years$. Two-week treatment group (group II) consisted of 30 patients (11 male, 19 female) with mean age of $10.7{\pm}4.17years$. In group I, H pylori were eradicated in 26 out of 30 patients (86.7%). In group II, H. pylori were eradicated in 26 out of 30 children (86.7%). Both groups did $^{13}C$ urea breath test after 4 weeks after termination of the triple therapy. The eradication rates were same in both groups as 86.7%, 26 out of 30 patients in each group. The results of endoscopy were nodular gastritis 26 (43.3%), erosive gastritis 10 (16.7%), hemorrhagic gastritis 7 (11.7%), gastric ulcer 2 (3.3%) and normal finding 15 (25.0%). Conclusion: In this study, the nodular gastritis was most common endoscopic findings with H. pylori positive patients. The eradication rate of H. pylori with omeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin was 86.7% and it would be highly effective as primary treatment with no significant differences in the eradication rate between one-week and two-week treatment groups. However, we should need more long-term follow-up data.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.149-155
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• 2004

Purpose: According to the recent studies, it is shown that the polymorphism of Interleukin $1\beta$ gene is associated with the incidence of gastric cancer caused by the Helicobacter pylori infection. Interleukin $1\beta$ is a cytokine markedly inhibiting gastric acid secretion. Interleukin $1\beta$ production associated with Helicobacter pylori gastric infection may exacerbate mucosal damage including chronic gastritis and atrophic gastritis, may induce eventual neoplasia. Among these Interleukin $1\beta$ gene polymorphisms, polymorphisms at -31 portion and -511 portion may associated with these processes, eventually increase the risk of gastric cancer. We investigated the risk of gastric cancer according to the Helicobacter pylori infection and genetic polymorphism of Interleukin $1\beta$ in gastric cancer patients. Materials and Methods: 176 individuals with gastric cancer and 40 healthy controls were analyzed. Each group was divided into two groups whether they infected with Helicobacter pylori or not. DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood in all groups. The PCR-RFLP method was used for investigating the distribution of genotype of C/C, C/T, T/T at -31 portion and -511 portion. Results: T/T genotype at -511 portion was $19.3\%$ in gastric cancer cases and $10\%$ in controls, which was statistically significant. (P=0.0432) The risk of gastric cancer was increased 4.86 ($1.26\∼18.77$) in group which had T/T genotype. In gastric cancer cases, C/C genotype at 31 portion was $27.6\%$ in group with Helicobacter pylori infection and $12.8\%$ in group without infection, which was statistically significant. (P=0.0047) The risk of gastric cancer was increased 4.82 ($1.81\~12.81$) in group which had C/C genotype. Conclusion: T genotype at -511 portion among the Interleukin $1\beta$ genetic polymorphisms may be the risk factor of gastric cancer. And, with Helicobacter pylori infection, C genotype at -31 portion may be the risk factor of gastric cancer.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 2013

Purpose: We investigated the positivity rate and the time period to the positive color change of the urease test in children and adults and assessed the correlation of the urease test to histopathologic findings. Methods: From 1995 to 2000, endoscopic biopsies of the antrum and body were collected from 811 children and 224 adults and subjected to urease tests and histopathology. Results: The positivity rate of the urease test was 49.4% for 0-4 years, 48.4% for 5-9 years, 47.3% for 10-15 years, and 62.5% for 20-29 years in the antrum. The positivity rate was 85.1% in 0-4 years, 82.3% in 5-9 years, 74.7% in 10-15 years, and 74.1% in 20-29 years for the body. In the antrum, the highest positivity rate was <1 hour for the group aged 10-29 years and 6-24 hours in the group <10 years old (p<0.0001). In the body, the highest positivity rate was <1 hour in adults and 6-24 hours in children (p<0.0001). The proportions of the positive reactions within 1 hour were similar for the antrum and the body. In the cases of more severe chronic gastritis, active gastritis, and Helicobacter pylori infiltration, a positive urease test reaction occurred more quickly (p<0.0001). Conclusion: There were significant differences in urease tests according to age and sampling site. The discrepancy between the antrum and the body was greater in younger children. These results might be related to the low density and patchy distribution of bacteria in children and in the body.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.5 no.3 s.19
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• pp.158-162
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• 2005

Purpose: In order to clarify the carcinogenesis mechanism from chronic atrophic gastritis toward gastric cancer, we measured the pepsinogen I and II and compared their ratio with several clinical findings. Materials and Methods: We measured the preoperative serum pepsinogen I and II by using a radio-immunoassay and compared their ratio with several clinical findings, such as tumor size, mucinous vs non-mucinous tumor, cell differentiation, tumor location, depth of invasion, lymph-node status, Lauren's classification, and peritumoral atrophy in 103 consecutive patients with gastric adenocarcinomas who had received resections at Bundang CHA Hospital during the period from July 2003 to February 2005. Results: There were significant differences in the serum pepsinogen I/II ratio between patients with mucinous vs non-mucinous tumors (n=4 vs 9 and mean pep I/II=1.29 vs. 2.99, p=0.0288), with tumor size more than and less than $10cm^2$ (n=55 vs. 48 and mean pep I/II=2.64 vs. 3.24, p=0.0491), and with or without peritumoral atrophy (n=94 vs. 9 and mean pep I/II=2.83 vs. 3.89, p=0.0466). In patients with peritomoral atrophy, the pepsinogen I/II ratio was also lower in larger tumors (n=48 vs. 46 and mean pep I/II=2.44 vs. 3.23, p=0.0083). Well-differentiated carcinomas showed significantly lower serum pep I/II ratios than signet-ring-ceil types. There was no correlation between serum pep I/II ratio and tumor location, depth of invasion, lymph-node status, or Lauren's classification Conclusion: We proved the existence of a correlation between serum pepsinogen level and musosal atrophy, but these results are not sufficient for clinical application of serum pepsinogen level as a screening tool for gastric cancer.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2020

We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis on whether Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication can prevent gastric cancer in individuals with precancerous lesions (chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia). The studies evaluating the effect of H. pylori eradication on gastric cancer were searched from PubMed, KoreaMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Subgroup analyses by precancerous lesions, regions and follow-up time were performed. Six randomized clinical trials were included. In the overall population, H. pylori eradication significantly decreased the risk of gastric cancer (risk ratio [RR]=0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.41-0.77, p<0.01). Eradication therapy significantly reduced the risk of gastric cancer in Asian and group who followed up more than 10 years (RR=0.51; 95% CI: 0.35-0.73, p<0.01; I²=0%, p=0.46). However, subgroup analysis according to the precancerous lesions did not show any significant results (p>0.05). In the general population especially in Asian population, H. pylori eradication can reduce the risk of gastric cancer. The effect of the eradication treatment is remarkable upon the long-term follow-up. In contrast, there is insufficient evidence whether the eradication should be recommended for the individuals with precancerous lesions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3549-3554
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• 2013

Background: It is generally accepted that gastric carcinomas are preceded by a sequential multistage process that includes chronic gastritis, gastric atrophy, usually with intestinal metaplasia (IM), and dysplasia. This series of changes in gastric carcinogenesis is often initiated by Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection. The aim of the present study was determination of gastric histopathologic changes in IM patients after at least one year in Guilan province, Iran. Materials and Methods: This case-series study was conducted in Guilan Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center (GLDRC) during 2010 to 2011. Gastric biopsy was performed for all 71 known cases of IM and precanceric lesions including gastric atrophy, IM, dysplasia and H pylori infection were determined after at least one year. Results: Of the total of 71 patients with established IM who were enrolled, 50 had complete-type IM and 21 had incomplete-type IM. Fifty two people had H pylori infection. H pylori eradication was achieved in 39 patients (75%). Secondary pathology findings of patients with IM were complete metaplasia (39.4%), incomplete metaplasia (32.4%), dysplasia (23.9%) and other precanceric lesions (4.2%). Dysplasia (20%vs 33%) occurred in patients who had complete and incomplete IM at baseline respectively (p>0.05). Age, gender, family history of gastric cancer(GC); smoking habits and NSAIDs use were not associated with gastric premalignant lesions in initial and secondary pathologies (p>0.05). The difference became statistically significant between H pylori infection in patients with more than 3 years diagnostic intervals (p<0.05). Statistical difference between eradicators and non-eradicators was not significant. Conclusions: We found that incomplete IM increased the risk of subsequent dysplasia in this study.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2013

Samchulgeonbi-tang (SC) is well-known traditional herbal medicine which is composed of fourteen medicine herbs. SC has been used for the treatment of the chronic gastritis, indigestion, gastric ulcers, gastroptosis and diarrhea disease. The variation in the amount of bioactive components of SC and its fermentation SC with ten Lactobacillus strains were investigated via high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). Simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of seven bioactive compounds; paeoniflorin, liquiritin, hesperidin, liquiritigenin, kaempferol, atractylenolide III, magnolol were achieved by comparing their retention times ($t_R$) and UV spectra with those of the standard compounds. In the results, the amount of paeoniflorin and hesperidin were 7.967 mg/g, 7.251 mg/g that were the main compounds in SC. The amounts of liquiritigenin was increased by all ten Lactobacillus strains, except strain 128. Especially, the liquiritigenin amount was highest in SC fermented with strain 145 (0.201 mg/g), which was increased by 158.39% compared to SC (0.081 mg/g). In the fermented SC using strains 344, almost components were increased than non-fermented SC, except paeoniflorin and kaempferol. Thus, these results considered that the strains 145 and 344 are most excellent fermentation strains among the 10 species of fermentation strains.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.2351-2360
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• 2016

Management of Helicobacter pylori infection is an important aspect of many upper gastrointestinal tract diseases, such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. The Thailand Consensus on H. pylori treatment 2015 consisted of 22 national experts who took active roles, discussed all important clinical information and investigated clinical aspects in four workshops, focuising on: (1) Diagnosis (2) Treatment (3) Follow-up after eradication and (4) H. pylori infection and special conditions. Experts were invited to participate on the basis of their expertise and contribution to H. pylori works and/or consensus methodology. The results of each workshop were taken to a final consensus vote by all experts. Recommendations were developed from the best evidence and availability to guide clinicians in management of this specific infection associated with variety of clinical outcomes.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1978

To examine the result of the government Medical Aid Program which began in January, 1977 as a part of social security policy implementation, all the medical records of the clients and official statistics in the year were analysed. The specific objectives this study pursues include the magnitudes and patterns of morbidity and utilization, and the characteristics of clients. One Korean rural area, Koje county was selected as the study area and subsequently all the clinics and hospitals assigned to work out the Aid Program are the subjects for the survey. A brief summary of the sutdy results as follows: a. The clients of Koje county are 6.4% of the total population in the area, more than the average percentage of the clients in Korea. It reflects on low level of economic status of the residents of the area. b. The population structure of the clients indicates that the large proportions of young and old age group are overwhelming, while the middle age group share very small portions. c. The utilization rates for primary care are 2.0 persons, 11.6 visits and 22.6 treatment days per 100 persons per months. Annual hospitalization is rated as 13.7 cases and 164 days per 1,000 persons, The utilization rates are slightly lower than those expected rates during planning period but eventually become higher than those of general population in rural Korea. d. The factors which influence the utilization rates are identified with client group (low income vs indigent), age and sex. e. The utilization pattern for primary care demonstrates seasonal variation similar to the pattern of general rural population in the low income group, but none in the indigent group. f. The most common diseases revealed at the primary care clinics are the acute respiratory infection (26.9%), acute gastritis (10.8%), skin and subcutaneous infection (6.8%). The cases of acute conditions are outnumbered than the cases of chronic condition. 8. The clinics, hospitals and other related health institutions are well cooperated in dealing health care services in their own capacities. Considering the above results Medical Aid Program generated satisfactory results at least in the utilization aspect.