• Toxicological Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.297-301
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• 1997

In order to evaluate the mutagenic potential of CJ-50001 (recombinant human granulocytecolony stimulating factor), 3 sets of mutagenicity tests were performed. In the reverse mutation test using Salmonella typhimurium TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100, CJ-50001 did not increase the number of revertant at any of the concentration tested in this study (500, 250, 125, 62.5 and 31.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$ plate). CJ-50001, at the doses of 200, 100 and 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$ /ml, did not increase the number of cells having structural or numerical chromosome aberration in cytogenetic test using Chinese Hamster Lung cells. In mouse micronucleus test, no significant increase in the occurrence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was observed in ICR male mice intraperitoneally administered with CJ-50001 at the doses of 5, 2.5 and 1.25 mg/kg. These results indicate that CJ-50001 has no mutagenic potential in these in vitro and in vivo systems.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.621-626
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• 2003

In this paper, we modeled a virtual life (VL) that reacts to the user s action according to its own behavioral characteristics and grows itself. We established some conditions with which such a VL is designed. Genetic Algorithm is used for the growth process that changes the VL s properties. In this process, the parameter values of the VL s properties are encoded as one chromosome, and the GA operations change this chromosome. The VL s reaction to the user s action is determined by these properties as well as the general expectation of each reaction. These properties are evaluated through 5 fitness measures so as to deal with multi-objective criteria. Here, we present the simulation of the growth Process, and show some experimental results.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.287-292
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• 1998

The objective of this study was to confirm whether the vitrification method using EFS35 has detrimental effect for cytoskeleton and chromosome constitution of the mouse oocytes by indirect immunocytochemistry and chromosome analysis. Mouse oocytes were vitrified using EFS35 which consisted of 35% ethylene glycol, 18% ficoll, 0.3 M sucrose and 10% FBS in M2 medium. The results obtained in this experiment were summarized as follows: When the survival rates after being exposed or vitrified in EFS35 were examined, there were not different between two groups (97.7 and 89.3%). Also, when the microtubule morphology and microfilament distribution in vitrified oocytes were examined, normal percentage of two cytoskeleton in vitrified group (95.5 and 100%) was not different from that in control (97.5 and 100%) and exposed group (92.3 and 100%). In addition, the rate of oocytes containing a normal chromosome number in vitrified group (73.5%) after IVF was not different from that in control (79.5%) and exposed group (78.7%). These results indicated that the cytoskeletal morphology and chromosome constitution of mouse oocytes were not affected by cryoprotectant (EFS35) or freezing apd that vitrification methods using EFS35 was suitable for cryopreservation of mouse oocytes.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.900-910
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• 2015

This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of colchicine and oryzalin in inducing polyploidy in two Cymbidium hybrids [Showgirl 'Silky' and Mystery Island 'Silk Road' (Silk Road-4)]. Colchicine was used at concentrations ranging from 50 to $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, with treatments lasting 1 to 3 weeks. Oryzalin was used at concentrations ranging from 3 to $20mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, with treatments lasting 3 to 6 days or 1 to 3 weeks. The survival rate of PLBs was better in colchicine than in oryzalin solutions. The ploidy levels were screened using flow cytometry. In C. Showgirl 'Silky', the highest chromosome doubling efficiencies were obtained with the 1-week treatment in $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ colchicine (60%) and the 2-week treatment in $5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ oryzalin (46.7%). In C. Mystery Island 'Silk Road' (Silk Road-4), the highest chromosome doubling efficiencies were obtained with the 1-week treatment in $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ colchicine (16.7%) and the 3-day treatment in $10mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ oryzalin (6.7%). Colchicine was more efficient than oryzalin in terms of polyploidy induction. Furthermore, pre-treatment, which entailed poking 10 times with forceps, improved the efficiency of chromosome doubling.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.419-423
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• 2003

Bacterial blight caused by Xantomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is one of the most serious diseases of rice especially in southern area of Korea. Three races, $\textrm{K}_1$, $\textrm{K}_2$ and $\textrm{K}_3$, are the most dominant species. lo improve rice breeding efficiency using marker assisted selection, some RFLP markers were surveyed for polymorphism between resistant and susceptible to $\textrm{K}_1$ and $\textrm{K}_3$. And, 127 doubled-haploid (DH) lines derived from Milyang121/HRl1650-1-4-2 and 131 DH lines derived from Milyang123/HR10624-AC5 were evaluated to bacterial blight ($\textrm{K}_1$ and $\textrm{K}_3$). Milyang121 and HR10624-AC5 have Xa-1, resistant to $\textrm{K}_1$ race, and Milyang123 has Xa-3, resistant to $\textrm{K}_1$ and $\textrm{K}_3$ race. Three markers, RZ590, RZ536 and RG303, showing polymorphism between parents and resistance gene, Xa-1 and Xa-3, were analysed in the two combinations of DH lines. The segregation pattern of resistant DH population of Milyang123/HR10624-AC5 to susceptible showed 3:1 and 1:1 in $\textrm{K}_1$ and $\textrm{K}_3$ race. In three RFLP markers, RZ590 was linked to Xa-1 on chromosome 4, and RZ536 and RG303 were linked to Xa-3 on chromosome 11. The map distance between Xa-1 and RZ590 was 3.1cM on chromosome 4, and Xa-3 and RZ536/RG303 were 7.6/16.0cM on chromosome 11, respectively. The results of RFLP mapping will be useful for the selection and pyramiding of bacterial blight resistant genes.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2007

Objective: To determine whether the presence of Y-chromosome microdeletion affects the outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) program. Methods: Fourteen couples with microdeletion in azoospermic factor (AZF)c region who attempted IVF/ICSI or cryopreserved and thawed embryo transfer cycles were enrolled. All of the men showed severe oligoasthenoteratoazoospermia (OATS) or azoospermia. As a control, 12 couples with OATS or azoospermia and having normal Y-chromosome were included. Both groups were divided into two subgroups by sperm source used in ICSI such as those who underwent testicular sperm extraction (TESE) and those used ejaculate sperm. We retrospectively analyzed our database in respect to the IVF outcomes. The outcome measures were mean number of good quality embryos, fertilization rates, implantation rates, $\beta$-hCG positive rates, early pregnancy loss and live birth rates. Results: Mean number of good quality embryos, implantation rates, $\beta$-hCG positive rates, early pregnancy loss rates and live birth rates were not significantly different between Y-chromosome microdeletion and control groups. But, fertilization rates in the Y-chromosome microdeletion group (61.1%) was significantly lower than that of control group (79.8%, p=0.003). Also, the subgroup underwent TESE and having AZFc microdeletion showed significantly lower fertilization rates (52.9%) than the subgroup underwent TESE and having normal Y-chromosome (79.5%, p=0.008). Otherwise, in the subgroups used ejaculate sperm, fertilization rates were showed tendency toward lower in couples having Y-chromosome microdeletion than couples with normal Y-chromosome. (65.5% versus 79.9%, p=0.082). But, there was no significance statistically. Conclusions: In IVF/ICSI cycles using TESE sperm, presence of V-chromosome microdeletion may adversely affect to fertilization ability of injected sperm. But, in cases of ejaculate sperm available for ICSI, IVF outcome was not affected by presence of Y-chromosome AZFc microdeletion. However, more larger scaled prospective study was needed to support our results.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.85-88
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• 2001

Temperature-related cleavage rates and mitotic intervals (${\tau}_o$) in the far eastern catfish Silurus asotus were studied by averaging the duration of the second and third embryonic divisions to establish effective procedures for chromosome manipulations. At higher temperatures eggs developed faster and underwent more asynchronous development. Mitotic intervals for far eastern catfish were $21.5{\pm}1.4$ min at $22^{\circ}C$, $18.5{\pm}1.2$ min at $24^{\circ}C$, and $14.0{\pm}2.1$ min at $26^{\circ}C$. There was a strong negative correlation between ${\tau}_o$ and water temperature (Y=-1.85X+21.9, $R^2=0.9868$, where Y is ${\tau}_o$ and X is temperature).

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the effects of various media compositions in regeneration of Lilium lancifolium. The adventitious bud initiation from microscale was the best on MS medium supplemented with BAP 1.0 mg/L and NAA 0.1 mg/L after 4 weeks of culture. However, from bulbscales, adventitious bud initiation was the best in dark condition on MS medium supplemented with BAP 0.5 mg/L and NAA 0.1 mg/L. On the other hand, callus induction was found to be the best from the microscales incubated in complete dark condition for 8 weeks on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D 1.0 mg/L and BAP 0.1 mg/L. The highest plantlet regeneration from callus was obtained after incubation in the light condition for 8 weeks on MS medium supplemented with NAA 0.5 mg/L and BAP 0.1 mg/L. Rooting of shoots was obtained easily on MS medium and the plantlets were transferred to soil pots after 8 weeks. The chromosome analysis of the root tip cells was revealed that the callus-derived plantlets had normal chromosome number, 2n=24. No variation was observed in the morphology of the plantlets.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.62-62
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• 2001

Development of effective activation protocols is of great importance for improving the success of cloning and subsequent transgenic. Three methods for oocyte activation, including 5μM ionomycin (5 min) alone, ionomycin＋1.9 mM 6-dimetylaminopurine (DMAP, 3 hrs) and ionomycin＋10㎍/㎖ cycloheximide(CHX, 3 hrs) were compared for their effects of pronuclei(PN) formation, development, developmental velocity and ploidy of parthenotes to IVF control in bovine. In group of ionomycin＋DMAP, the oocytes having more 3 PN were significantly(P〈0.05) higher than in groups of ionomycin alone and of ionomycin＋CHX (45.5% vs. 0 and 0%, respectively). Activation with the ionomycin alone, ionomycin＋DMAP and ionomycin＋CHX resulted in cleavage rates of 30, 85.5 and 57.9%, respectively. The blastocysts rate of parthenotes activated by ionomycin＋DMAP treatment was significantly higher (12.3%, P〈0.05) than those of other treated groups. Chromosome analysis shows that ionomycin＋DMAP treatment greatly increases the incidence of chromosomal abnormality of the parthenotes. When compared the developmental velocity at 24 hrs after insemination and activation, 27% eggs in IVF control and 55% in DMAP treatment out of total cleaved eggs developed to 2-cell stage, respectively. Developmental velocity of parthenotes activated by ionomycin ＋DMAP treatment was significantly (P〈0.05) faster than others. From the results, we may conclude that DMAP treatment to the oocytes accelerates developmental velocity resulting in both the higher incidence of chromosome abnormality and of PN formation suggesting that CHX combined with ionomycin is suitable DMAP for the purpose of successful nuclear transplantation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.1225-1229
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• 2008

A total of 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers on bovine chromosome 5 were used for allelic association tests with phenotypic characteristics in Hanwoo. The data analyzed in this study were collected from 326 steers. Chi-square tests were performed to compare the frequencies of individual alleles between the high and the low breeding value groups. The following breeding values were analyzed for QTL effects. The frequency of allele 239 of DIK2828 showed a significant difference between the high and the low breeding value groups in the breeding value of marbling score (MSBV). The allele 279 of BMC1009 was found to show significant differences in allelic distribution for the breeding value of cold carcass weight (CWBV) and the breeding value of backfat thickness (BFBV) and allele 285 showed significant differences in allelic distribution for CWBV, BFBV, and MSBV. The allele 200 of DIK4329 showed significant differences in allelic distributions for the breeding values of longissimus muscle area (LMABV) and BFBV. In this study, we identified the QTL for carcass traits at around 20 (DIK2828), 41 (BMC1009) and 95 (DIK4329) cM in chromosome 5. The results provided a useful reference for further positional candidate gene research and marker-assisted selection for fat metabolism and carcass traits.