• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2014

Objectives: $^{32}P$-postlabeling assay is the most sensitive method of detecting DNA adduct formation. However, it is limited by a low sample throughput and use of radioisotopes (RI). In this study, we modified it to minimize these limitations and applied it to Z. platypus exposed to Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) in order to investigate DNA adduct formation (effect biomarker for pollutants) in Z. platypus for assessing risk of waterborne BaP exposure. Methods: DNA hydrolysis was performed only with Micrococcal nuclease (MNase), RI reduction test was performed and the overlapping steps between thin layer chromatography (TLC) and radioisotope high-performance liquid chromatography (RI-HPLC) were omitted. The application of a modified method to Z. platypus exposed to BaP was performed. Results: The results revealed that the amount of RIs used can be reduced roughly 10-fold. Because the analysis time was shortened by 8.5 hours, the sample throughput per hour was increased compared with the previous method. The results of applying modified $^{32}P$-postlabeling assay to Z. platypus, DNA adduct formation in Z. platypus showed dose-dependency with the BaP concentration. Only BPDE-dGMP was detected as a DNA adduct. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the modified $^{32}P$-postlabeling assay is a suitable method for detecting DNA adduct formation in Z. platypus exposed to waterborne BaP and will be useful in risk assessment of carcinogenic effect in aquatic environment due to BaP.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 1992

The optimum condition for the developement of a whey beverage from the concentrated whey was studied. Reverse osmosis system was used to obtain concentrated lactose from cheese whey. The hydrolysis degree of lactose by $\beta$-D-galactosidase was determined using HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography). The order of hydrolysis degree was 1:1, 2:l and 3:l concentrated lactose. It resulted from the concentrated salt which slightly inhibited $\beta$-D-galactosidase with constant enzyme dosage. The optimum condition for enzyme dosage was 2% in non-concentrated lactose, 3% in 2:l and 3% in 3:l concentrated lactose after 4 hours of reaction. When the 3:l concentrated lactose was used, more than 70% was hydrolyzed by 3% enzyme dosage. Furthermore the change of fermented whey by lactic acid bacteria was investigated. Based on the result of sensory test, the most favorable response was obtained at pH 4.2 and titratable acidity of 0.7% about 6 hours of fermentation at $37^{\circ}C$ with 2%: thermophilic starter.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1979

Yellow pigment was extracted by petroleum ether, and red pigment by 60％ ethanol. By thin layer chromatography red pigment preparation consists of more than five species whereas yellow pigment preparation consist of single species. The absorption curve of pigment solution exhibits maximum peak at wavelongth range of 495~500 nm and endo pigment at 394~403 nm. Pigment solution was relatively stable at the pH range of 3~9. Extracted pigment solution gave negative hemolysis test and pigment showed no bio-activity and nontoxicity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.159-166
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• 1980

Methods for the determination of sterols in sesame oils were studied. The sesame oils were saponified and the sterols isolated from the unsaponifiable matter by Florisil column chromatography, and the individual components were determined by means of gas chromatography. Campesterol, ${\beta}-sitosterol$, stigmasterol were found in sesame oil including unknown Ⅰ and Ⅱ. The use of SE-30 gas chromatographic column allows the slow elution, duplication of peaks and relatively low reproducibility, therefore, 3% OV-17 was suitable for the sterol analysis. The result of this study showed that contents of sterols in sesame oil were campesterol 8.4%, stigmasterol 4.5%, ${\beta}-sitosterol$ 33.9% and others 53.0% involving 8.8% of unknown I and 44.3% of unknown Ⅱ. There has been no specific test available for identifying the sesame oil among common edible oils. But the ratio of sterols in sesame oils allowed the estimation of genuiness. The ratio of sterols vs. campesterol in genuine sesame oils were stigmasterol 0.3- 0.6, ${\beta}-sitosterol$ 3.0-3.8 and unknown Ⅱ 3.0, respectively. The 65 samples were composed of genuine sesame oil 40%, mixed rape seed oil 3%, cotton seed oil 1. 5% others were reused soybean oil or re-extracted oil.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.808-813
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• 2006

Two methods for the chiral purity determination of bevantolol were developed, namely capillary electrophoresis (CE) using carboxymethyl-${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (CM-${\beta}$-CD) as a chiral selector and high-perfomance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a chiral stationary phase. In the HPLC method, the separation of bevantolol enantiomers was performed on a Chiralpak AD-H column by isocratic elution with n-hexane-ethanol-diethylamine (10:90:0.1, v/v/v) as mobile phase. In the CE method, bevantolol enantiomers were separated on an uncoated fused silica capillary with 50 mM amonium phosphate dibasic adjusted to a pH 6.5 with phosphoric acid containing 15 mM CM-${\beta}$-CD as running buffer. Validation data such as linearity, recovery, detection limit, and precision of the two methods are presented. The detection limits of S-(-)-bevantolol were 0.1% and 0.05% for CE and HPLC method, respectively and R-(+)-bevantolol were 0.15% and 0.05% for CE and HPLC method, respectively. There was generally good agreement between the HPLC and CE results.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1999

This study was devised to observe the antitumor activity of mugwort (Artemisia princeps Pampan.) against ICR mice inoculated with sarcoma-180 cells. The antitumor compounds were partially purified from petroleum ether extract of mugwort by silicic acid column chromatography. The active fraction used in in vivo test was obtained under the elution with acetone in silicic acid column chromatography. When the acetone fraction was intraperitoneally injected to the mice which had been subcutaneously inoculated on the left groin with sarcoma-180, the growth rate of tumor (sarcoma-180 mass) was inhibited by 30%. In case the acetone fraction was injected to the mice which had been inoculated intraperitoneally with sarcoma-180, the average life span was prolonged by 20%. After the injection of the active fraction, the spleen index and ${\gamma}-globulin$ ratio (%) were increased significantly (p<0.05). The administration of acetone fraction did not cause any abnormality in the body and the homeostasis of mice. Those observations suggest that the acetone fraction of mugwort extract has an antitumor effect in vivo.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.552-557
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• 1992

To study antibacterial activities of Ganoderma lucidum, its extract was fractionated by various organic solvents with different polarities and the fractions were purified by thin layer chromatography and silica gel column chromatography. The results of antibacterial test of the extracts showed that antimicrobial activities were detected in fractions B and E of the ethylacetate extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fraction B to Staphylococcus aureus and to Salmonella typtimurium were 0.8% (8,000 ppm). MIC of fraction E to Staphylococcus aureus was 0.185% (1,875 ppm).

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.225-230
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• 1993

Isothermal vapor-liquid equilibrium data have been measured for binary systems n-dodecane-1-defanol, n-doderane-1-dodecanol, and 1-decanoi-1-dodecanol at 140$^{\circ}C$ by using head space gas chromatography (H.S.G.C) as a static method. The activity coefficients, calculated taking into acount the nonideality of the liquid phase, were correlated with the conventional g$\^$E/ model, Margules, van Laar, Wilson, NRTL equations. These equilibrium data were thermodynamically consistent by Rrdlich- kister test, among these data, system n-dodecane-1-detanoi has minimum azeotrope.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.182-190
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• 2014

An ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS) method was established for quantitative analysis of twelve components, allantoin (1), morroniside (2), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF) (3), loganin (4), coumarin (5), cinnamic acid (6), mesaconitine (7), cinnamaldehyde (8), hypaconitine (9), aconitine (10), alisol B (11), and alisol B acetate (12) in a Palmijihwang-hwan decoction. The twelve constituents were separated on a UPLC BEH C18 column ($2.1{\times}100mm$, $1.7{\mu}m$) at a column temperature of $40^{\circ}C$ by gradient elution with 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water and acetonitrile as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.3 mL/min and the injection volume was $2.0{\mu}L$. Calibration curves of all compounds were acquired with values of the correlation coefficient ${\geq}0.99$ within the test ranges. The limits of detection and quantification for all analytes were 0.01 - 4.53 ng/mL and 0.03 - 13.60 ng/mL, respectively. The concentrations of the compounds 1 - 9 and 12 were 72.83, 4389.00, 4859.00, 3155.17, 223.67, 33.50, 1.97, 518.00, 2.25, and $25.00{\mu}g/g$, respectively. However, compounds 10 and 11 were not detected.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.78-84
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• 1969

An attempt has been made to investigate the possible occurrence of aflatoxins, a group of micotoxin which are toxic metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus, and aflatoxin like substances in fungal fermented soybean products such as meju and soybean paste. Chloroform extracts from 15 samples which has been defated with petroleum ether are subjected to separations with thin-layer chromatography on silica gel washed with methanol prior to film coating, improves the chromatographic separation and ultraviolet absorption spectral identification. In addition to fluorescencing spot having an Rf value which is same as aflatoxin $B_1$, many of the fluorescencing spots have been occurred in every sample examined. Each fluorescencing spot is scratched and the ethanol extracts are subjected to further separation with thin-layer chromatography. Each fluorescence substance is eluted with ultra violet transparent absolute ethanol and the ultraviolet absorption spectra are checked. None of the absorption curve of eluates shsow accordance with the curve of aflatoxin. 2, 4-Dinitrophenyl hydrazine reagent, Tollen's reagent and ninhydrin reagent are applied on the chromatogram- The data show that aflatoxin is not present in any of the fungal preparations examined.