• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.30-36
• /
• 2007

The water-soluble or ethanol-soluble materials extracted from fruit bodies and cultured products (mycelium and broth) of H. erinaceum were prepared, and their inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity from Electrophorous electricus was investigated. Inhibition of 75-85% for AChE activity at concentration of 10 mg/ml was obtained and the mechanism was due to general non-competitive inhibition. Especially, the supernatant of culture broth by ethanol treatment, exhibited a strong inhibition activity of 94% at 10 mg/ml. The samples from fruit body, mycelium and broth (supernatant and precipitate by ethanol treatment) which were extracted from H. erinaceum, were very effective to inhibit the initial stage oxidation of a linoleic acid at concentration of 0.1 mg/ml. The antioxidative activity of these samples were superior than rutin, vitamin C and tocopherol as antioxidative standards by FTC (ferric thiocyanate) method, and also showed the very strong antioxidative activity of 95% without significant difference of the samples by TBA-RS (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance) method.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.194-202
• /
• 2015

Agaricus brasiliensis, belonging to the family Agaricaceae of Agaricales, Basidiomycota, has been used for edible and medicinal purposes. This study was initiated to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and nitric oxide inhibitory activities of fruiting bodies of A. brasiliensis extracted with methanol. The HPLC analysis of phenolic compounds from the mushroom extracts identified 10 phenolic compounds including gallic acid, procatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, (-)-epicatechin, vanillin, rutin hydrate, naringin, quercetin, formononetin, and biochanin-A. The free radical scavenging activities of methanol extract were lower than that of positive control, BHT. The chelating effects of methanol extract were significantly higher than those of the positive control, BHT at the all concentrations tested. The methanol extract exhibited the lower reducing power activities compared with the positive control at the 0.5~6.0 mg/mL concentration. The mushroom extract inhibited the ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity by 54.48% and 78.43% at the 1.0 and 2.0 mg/mL while acarbose, the positive control, inhibited the ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity by 51.77% and 81.81% at the same concentrations, respectively. Nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccahride (LPS) induced RAW 264.7 cells were inhibited by the methanol extracts in a concentration dependent manner. Therefore, it is concluded that fruiting bodies of A. brasiliensis contained natural antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory substances which can be useful for human health.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.92-99
• /
• 1988

The responses of brain acetylcholinesterase and plasma cholinesterase activities were examined in chicken given oral doses of an organophosphorus insecticides. Acute oral $LD_{50}$ of terbufos was 1.82mg/kg, and terbufos sulfone was 2.85mg/kg, terbufos sulfoxide, terbufoso xon, terbufosoxon sulfone and terbufosoxon sulfoxide were about $0.30{\sim}0.79mg/kg$, respectively. Acute oral $LD_{50}$ of phorate was 1.02mg/kg, and phorate sulfone was 1.73mg/kg, phorate sulfoxide, phoratoxon, phoratoxon sulfoxide and phoratoxon sulfone were about $0.36{\sim}0.63mg/kg$, respectively. Dosages of 50% inhibition for brain AChE and plasma ChE activities in chicken at 60 mins after oral administration of organop hosphorus insecticides were $35.3{\pm}6.8%\;and\;17.4{\pm}3.6%$ of acute oral $LD_{50}$, respectively. Activities of brain AChE and plasma ChE in chicken at 60 mins after oral administratration of acute oral $LD_{50}$ of organophosphorus insecticides were inhibited by $83.7{\pm}3.9%\;and\;93.3{\pm}2.2%$, respectively.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 1988

The effect of maternal low protein diets during gestation and lactation on growth and development of young rats was investigated. Pregnant and/or lactating rats were fed the diet containing 20% or 11.7%casein. DNA, RNA and total protein were determined in liver, muscle and brain of 21-day-old young rats and lipid contents and acetylcholinesterase activity in brain. Body and organ weight of young rats were measured. DNA, RNA and protein contents of liver, muscle and brain of young rats were less in maternal low protein group than that of control group. Total lipid and cholesterol contents in brain were less(p<0.01) in low protein group than that of control group than that of control group. And also brain acety;cholnesterase activity of low protein group was significantly (p<0.01) lower than those of control group, but their each organ weight ratios in relation to body weight was higher than that of control group. It could be suggested that the maternal low protein during gestation and lactation has influenced on cell number, cell size, protein content, brain lipid content and acetyl-cholinesterase activity of the offsprings.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.61-70
• /
• 2011

Purpose: This study investigated the effect on survival rate for organophosphate intoxication patients who received trachostomy. This research was conducted to help identify appropriate treatment of patients who received a trachostomy. Methods: This research was retrospectively conducted using the medical records of 141 patients who arrived at the Chosun University Hospital emergency medical center between Jan 2007 and Dec 2010, suffering from organophosphate intoxication. They were placed in two groups including one which received trachostomy as part of their treatment and one that did not. The effect of each variable on mortality was evaluated by regressionanalysis. Results: Of 141 patients with organophosphate intoxication, 105 of them did not tracheostomy and 16 were dead cohorts (15.2%). Their size of pupil was 1mm. Factors such as amount of organophosphate ingested, PAM time after ingestion, average body temperature, arrival time, atropinization time after ingestion, AST/ALT, Bun/Cr all appeared to be significant factors in death cohorts (P<0.05). 36 patients among the total had tracheostomy and 11 ones of them were in dead cohort (30.6%) and their average age was 58 years. The facts affect the state of patients in dead cohort include the amount of intoxication which between $327.27{\pm}194.1ml$, performing intubation 686 mins after intubation, reaching to the hospital after 580mins, injecting PAM 744 mins after intoxication, injecting atropine 627 mins after intoxication. The largest cases of patient's state was found to be stupor with 14 patients (38.9%) the level of Cholinesterase in blood appeared to be significant in dead cohort as $391.00{\pm}353.9IU/L$ (P<0.05). Conclusion: Further planned studies are necessary on the use of tracheostomy for treatment of poisoning victims, especially those intoxicated by organophosphorus insecticides.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.16-23
• /
• 2010

Purpose: Organophosphate insecticide poisoning is common in Korea, but there is no definitive guideline for determining the severity of the poisoning and the predictive factors. Therefore, we evaluated the organophosphate poisoned patients and we divided them into two groups, the survivors and the dead, and the results might be useful for treating organophosphate poisoning patients. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 68 organophosphate poisoned patients who visited the Chosun University Hospital Emergency Medical Center during a 24-month period from January, 2007 to December, 2008. We made a work sheet of the patients' characteristics and the collected data was analyzed and we compared this data between the survivor group and the dead patient group. Results: There were significant differences between the survivor group and the dead patient group for the mean age, the alcohol intake state and the typically expressed signs. The dead patients had lower blood pressure, tachycardia and a lower Glasgo Coma Score (GCS) score than the survivor group. On the arterial blood gas analysis, the dead patients had more severe acidemia and they had lower saturations. Increased serum amylase levels were found in the dead patients. The survivors'initial and follow up serum pseudocholinesterase activity (after 6~8 days) was significantly higher than that of the dead group. The total amount of atropine injected to patient was less in the survivors than that in the dead patients. Conclusion: Old age and expressing the typical intoxication signs, a lower GCS score and blood pressure, showing acidosis on the gas analysis and low serum cholinesterase activity may be useful as poor prognostic indicators for patients with organophosphate poisoning. We suggest that physicians must pay careful attention to the signs and prognostic factors of organophosphate insecticide poisoned patients.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.138-149
• /
• 1991

This study was aimed at investigation of the stimulatory innervations on the rat urinary bladder. Detrusor muscle strips of 15 mm long were suspended in isolated muscle chambers containing 1 ml of PSS maintained at $37^{\circ}C$ and aerated with 95% $O_2/5%CO_2$. Isometric myography was perfomed, and the results were as followings : Muscle strips showed "on-contraction" by electric field stimulation (EFS) frequency-dependently. The EFS-induced contraction was not affected by hexamethonium, a ganglion blocker, but abolished, by tetrodotoxin, a nerve conduction blocker. Physostigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor enhanced the EFS-induced contraction which was inhibited by hemicholinium, an inhibitor of choline uptake at the cholinergic nerve ending. Such an EFS-induced contraction was antagonized by atropine only partially, and the atropine-resistant portion was completely abolished by the desensitization of purinergic receptors by prolonged incubatin of the strips in the presence of high concentratin of ATP. Bethanechol, a cholinergic agonist, elicited concentration-dependent contraction. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a purinergic agonist, induced a weak but concentration-dependent contraction of short duration. Bethanechol-induced contraction was not affected by ATP-desensitization, and ATP-induced contraction was not affected by tetrodotoxin. These results suggest that there are at least two main stimulatory components of innervations in the detrusor muscle, cholinergic muscarinic and purinergic ; and those receptors are independent each other.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.33 no.12
• /
• pp.1957-1964
• /
• 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare overfeeding performance, fatty acid composition, blood chemistry, enzymes and genes expression overfed Xupu and Landes geese. Methods: Sixty male Xupu geese (80 d) and Landes geese (80 d) were selected. After a period of one-week of pre-overfeeding, Xupu and Landes geese were overfed three meals of 550 and 350 g/d, respectively, of a high-carbohydrate diet in the first week of the overfeeding period. The next week, geese were given four meals of 1,200 and 850 g/d, respectively, over 8 to 14 d. Finally, geese were given five meals of 1,600 and 1,350 g/d, respectively, for the last two weeks. Results: After overfeeding for 28 d: Compared with Landes geese, Xupu geese liver weight and liver-to-body weight ratio decreased (p<0.05), while final weight, slaughter weight, total weight gain, abdominal fat weight, and feed-to-liver weight ratio increased (p<0.05). The levels of elaidic acid (C18:1t9), oleic acid (C18:1n-9), eicosenoic acid, and arachidonic acid in the liver of Xupu geese significantly increased (p<0.05), and the levels of myristic acid and stearic acid significantly decreased (p<0.05), while methyleicosanoate acid significantly increased (p<0.05). Xupu geese had higher plasma concentrations of triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.05), and decreased activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lipase (LPS) (p<0.05). Landes geese had higher LPS activity (p<0.05), but lower cholinesterase activity (p<0.05) when compared with Xupu geese. The mRNA expression levels of fatty acid dehydrogenase (FADS) gene, elongase of long-chain fatty acid 1 (ELOVL1) gene, ELOVL5, and acyl-Co A: cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2) gene were significantly upregulated (p<0.05) in Landes goose when compared with Xupu geese. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the liver production performance of Landes geese was better than that of Xupu geese to some extent, which may be closely related to LPS activity, as well as the expression of FADS, ELOVL1, ELOVL5, and ACAT2.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.19-24
• /
• 2015

Purpose: Many patients who are acutely poisoned with organophosphorus pesticides have co-ingested alcohol. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that influence mortality in organophosphate intoxication and the differences between alcohol coingested patients and non-coingested patients, looking at vital signs, length of admission, cholinesterase activity, complications, and mortality. Methods: All patients visiting one Emergency Department (ED) with organophosphate intoxication between January 2000 and December 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups, alcohol coingested group and non-coingested group. Results: During the study period, 136 patients (alcohol coingested group, 95 patients; non-coingested group, 41 patients) presented to the ED with organophosphate intoxication. Seventy-one alcohol coingested patients (74.1%) vs. 16 non-coingested patients (39.0%) received endotracheal intubation, with results of the analysis showing a clear distinction between the two groups (p=0.001). Twenty-three alcohol coingested patients (24.2%) vs. 1 non-coingested patient (2.4%) required inotropics, indicating a significant gap (p=0.002). Twenty-eight alcohol coingested patients (29.5%) vs. 2 non-coingested patients (4.9%) died, with results of the analysis showing a clear distinction between the two groups (p=0.002). Conclusion: In cases of organophosphate intoxication, alcohol coingested patients tended to receive endotracheal intubation, went into shock, developed central nervous system complications, and more died.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.324-330
• /
• 1986

The responses of brain acetylcholinesterase(Ach-E) and plasma cholinesterase (Ch-E) activities were studied in chicknes given oral doses of Terbufos(S-tert-butyl thiomethyl 0,0-diethyl phosphorodithioate), an organophosphorus insecticide. The acute oral $LD_{50}$ of terbufos was 1.82mg/kg. The activity of plasma Ch-E was inhibited more rapidly than that of brain Ach-E, whereas recovery of plasma Ch-E activity was more rapid than that of brain Ach-E. Recovery of brain Ach-E and plasma Ch-E was followed the model $Y=a+b(log_{10}X)$. Brain Ach-E activity and plasma Ch-E were inhibited 83% and 94%, respectively, at 60min after administered oral $LD_{50}$. Brain Ach-E and plasma Ch-E was inhibited in vitro by Terbufos