• 환경생물
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.610-619
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• 2018

본 연구는 한국 남서해안 갯벌 중 유부도, 곰소만, 임자도, 여자만 갯벌의 저서돌말류 종조성 및 생물량을 알아보기 위해 2016년 8월과 9월에 현장조사를 실시하였다. 유부도 갯벌에서 저서돌말류는 48속 181종, 곰소만 갯벌에서 51속 194종, 임자도 갯벌에서 64속 224종, 여자만 갯벌에서 56속 188종이 출현 하였으며, 총 70속 274종이 출현하였다. 분류군 가운데 중심돌말목보다 우상돌말목이 다양하게 출현하였고 우점종은 중심돌말목의 Paralia sulcata와 Navicula spp.였다. 유부도 갯벌의 생물량은 정점별로 $18.8{\sim}136.1mg\;m^{-2}$, 곰소만 갯벌 $31.9{\sim}215.7mg\;m^{-2}$, 임자도 갯벌 $2.9{\sim}120.2mg\;m^{-2}$, 여자만 갯벌 $10.1{\sim}147.7mg\;m^{-2}$, 4개 지역의 총 생물량 범위는 $2.9{\sim}215.7mg\;m^{-2}$였다. 엽록소 a의 분해 산물인 phaeopigment 농도로는 유부도 갯벌에서 $1.7{\sim}470.8mg\;m^{-2}$, 곰소만 갯벌에서 $52.3{\sim}277.2mg\;m^{-2}$, 임자도 갯벌에서 $0.6{\sim}78.9mg\;m^{-2}$, 여자만 갯벌에서 $39.1{\sim}346.3mg\;m^{-2}$으로 나타났다. 조사 대상지역의 종 다양성과 생물량은 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 한국의 남서해안은 다양한 저서돌말류가 서식하며 엽록소 a의 높은 농도는 일차생산력을 결정하는 주요인자다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.131-136
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• 1996

In order to known the extend of contribution to the degradation of organic materials and nutrient recycling by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and methane-producing bacteria (MPB) in sediment, the distribution and activity of these two groups of microorganisms were studied montly in 1994 at two sites, one littoral (Sanggulri) and the other profunndal (DAM), in Lake Soyang. In the seasonal distribution of two microorganisms, SRB were 1.07 $\times$ 10$^{3}$-2.42 $\times$ 10$^{5}$ cells/g-dry weight at Sanggulri, 2.40 $\times$ 10$^{5}$ -1.29 $\times$ 10$^{6}$ at Dam and MPB were 0.52 $\times$ 10$^{3}$ cells/g-dry weight at Sangguri and 1.44 $\times$ 10$^{3}$-6.89 $\times$ 10$^{3}$ at Dam. In these results, the density of SRB in Lake Soyang is much higher than other lakes. These high values might be due to higher sulfate concentration, 0.69-4.05 mM, than normal freshwater, 0.01-1.2 mM. And a good correlation of SRB and chlorophyll a concentration implied that the important environmental factor on distribution of SRB might be the concentration of available organic matter. In a comparison of sulfate-reducing rate and methane producing rate in 1995, the activity of SRB for the degradation of organic matter was higher than MPB by factor of 359. Conclusively SRB superior to MPB in the distribution and activity are more important annearobic bacteria in Lake Soyang sediments.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.326-335
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• 2011

When bougainvilleas are subjected to indoor low-light conditions, flower bracts regularly abscise. This study elucidates the effects of plant growth regulators on bract longevity of potted bougainvillea. Potted 'Taipei Red' bougainvillea in four different bract development stages were treated with 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene), NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid), SNA (sodium salt of naphthaleneacetic acid), IBA (indolebutyric acid), BA (6-benzylaminopurine), $KH_2PO_4$ (potassium dihydrogen phosphate), Put (diamine putrescine), SA (salicylic acid), or STS (silver thiosulfate) and were moved to indoor low-light conditions after treatments. Experimental results indicate that 1-MCP, NAA, SNA, BA, Put, and SA prolonged bract longevity, and this effect increased as bract stage increased. The effect of STS was significant in early bract stages and decreased as bract stages increased. Additionally, 1-MCP, NAA, SNA, BA, Put, SA, and STS treatment significantly reduced endogenous ACC (1-aminocyclopropene-1-carboxylate) content and ACC oxidase activity, suggesting that the inhibition of ethylene production was achieved via physiological metabolism. However, treatment with IBA or $KH_2PO_4$ had no effect on the bract longevity at any stage. In the combined chemical treatments, NAA + STS or NAA + SA were effectively for prolonging bract longevity and contained less protein or chlorophyll degradation, decrease ACC oxidase or ethylene production than the control. In conclusion, we propose that combined chemical treatment significantly prolonged the bract longevity and more effectively than single chemical treatment at any stage.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.46-55
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• 1997

The quantitative determination of carotenoids, chlorophylls and their degradation products from marine phytoplankton was performed by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Separated and quantified chlorophylls and their degraded products are chlorophyll a, b, c, chlorophyllide a, phaeophytin a, b and phaeophorbide a. Concentrations of six carotenoids including fucoxanthin, 19'-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin, 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxan-thin, prasinoxanthin, alloxanthin, zoaxanthin/lutein were also determined from natural field samples by absorbance. Results of pigment analysis of field samples collected from the southern waters of the East Sea on October 8th, 1996 were reported. Concentration of chi a ranged from 7.2 to 180.4 ng/1. Concentration of chi b and chi c ranged from 22.7 to 53.7 ng/1 and from 3.3 to 58.5 ng/1, respectively. Significant concentrations of phaeophytin a, and chlorophyllide a were also detected at different depths. Fucoxanthin, 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin and zoaxanthin/lutein were the most abundant carotenoids and 19'-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin, prasinoxanthin and alloxanthin were also detected relatively at low concentrations. These results of pigment analyses suggest predominance of diatom, prymnesiophytes and cyanobacteria and presence of crysophyte, green algae (prasinophyte and prochlorophyte), and cryptophyte in the study area on October 8th, 1996, We report prymnesiophyte for the first time as an important biomass component of marine phytoplankton in the study area. Vertical profiles for the concentration changes of the major pigments were also given.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.346-353
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• 2014

The chlorophyll-related compound pheophorbide a (Pa) was successively purified from an edible red seaweed, Grateloupia elliptica, using silica, octadecyl silica column chromatography and reversed phase-high-performance liquid chromatography, as well as the cell cycle inhibitory and apoptotic effects of Pa being investigated in U87MG glioblastoma cells. The Pa exhibited strong anticancer effects in the absence of direct photo-irradiation against various cancer cell lines, including U87MG, SK-OV-3, and HeLa cells. Among the cancer cells, the strongest anticancer activity of Pa exhibited on U87MG cells with $IC_{50}$ values of 2.8 ${\mu}g/ml$. In addition, Pa specifically had cytostatic activity on glioblastoma cells rather than human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Analysis of the cell cycle distribution showed that Pa induced G0/G1 arrest of U87 MG cells. In addition, arrested cells induced late apoptosis and DNA degradation under dark condition. These results suggest that Pa isolated from G. elliptica is a potential glioblastoma-specific anticancer agent without side effects on normal cells.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.633-637
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• 2015

Cucumber and paprika transplants were stored at 9, 12, 15, and $18^{\circ}C$ under dark conditions for 15 days and then grown in a greenhouse for 14 days after transplanting. To determine the effects of low storage temperature and long-term continuous darkness on the quality and vigour of transplants, we investigated the quality of transplants during storage and the growth of stored transplants after transplanting. In cucumber transplants, decreasing storage temperature reduced stem elongation and decrease in SPAD value. The quality of cucumber transplants stored at $9^{\circ}C$ was well preserved during storage, but they did not survive after transplanting due to chilling damage. Growth and development after transplanting were significantly greater when cucumber transplants were stored at $12^{\circ}C$. In paprika transplants, the quality of transplants did not significantly differ before and after storage. After transplanting, there was no significant difference in the survival rate and growth, but the number of flower buds was greater in the paprika transplants stored at lower temperatures (9 and $12^{\circ}C$). These results indicate that the responses of transplants to the conditions of low temperature and darkness differed between cucumber and paprika, and storage temperature in darkness must be controlled carefully considering species-specific responses to reduce quality deterioration during storage and improve the recovery of transplants after transplanting.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.133-140
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• 1991

잎상추(Lactuca sativa L.) 저장 중 재배적요인(품종 및 재배시기) 및 저장요인(저온 및 high-density polyethylene film 포장)이 저장수명 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 생체중량 감소, 외관품위, 황화, 클로로필 및 카로티노이드 함량, 비타민 C 및 nitrate 함량을 조사하였다. 생체중량 감소 및 외관품위의 열화는 포장처리에 의해, 그리고 $4{\sim}5^{\circ}C$ 보다는 $0{\sim}1^{\circ}C$가 더 억제 되었다. 품종간 비교에서는 "적축면" 보다는 "청치마"에서, 그리고 재배시기별 비교에서는 가을재배 보다는 겨울재배에서 이들의 변화가 다소 지연되었다. 저장 중 잎상추의 황화현상은 카로티노이드 함량변화 보다는 주로 클로로필의 파괴 때문이었다. Vitamin C의 저장 전 함량은 "적축면" 보다는 "청치마"에서, 그리고 가을재배 보다는 겨울재배 시 많은 양을 함유하고 있었다. 저장 중 비타민 C는 저장 초기부터 전처리구에서 급격히 감소하였으나, $4{\sim}5^{\circ}C$에 비해 $0{\sim}1^{\circ}C$에서 감소가 다소 지연되었다. Nitrate의 경우는 저장 전 함량은 "적축면"은 3812.6 ppm을 함유하고 있었고, "청치마"는 2856.6 ppm을 함유하고 있었다. 저장 중 nitrate 함량변화는 $4{\sim}5^{\circ}C$에 비해 $0{\sim}1^{\circ}C$에서 다소 억제되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제15권
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• pp.145-153
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• 1974

Ethephon을 이용하여 현행 잎담배 건조법을 개선해 보고저 우리나라 담배 제조용 주요품종인 Yellow Special A와 Coker를 논에 재배하고 성숙기에 4수준의 Ethephon액을 살포함으로서 Ethephon의 건조에 미치는 생리적 효과를 조사하였던 바 아래와 같은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 1. 처리잎은 무처리잎에 비하여 성숙중에 현저한 엽록소의 분해를 일으켰다. 따라서 황변(성숙)이 촉진되었으나 처리수준 사이에는 큰 차가 없었다. 2. 성숙과정에서 처리잎은 무처리잎에 비하여 탈수율이 높았던 관계로 수확시 이미 수분함량이 약 10% 적었다. 그러나 처리수준 사이에는 탈수율에 큰 차가 없었다. 같은 조건하에서 건조할 때는 처리잎의 건조가 하루(1일) 앞당겨졌다. 3. 건조과정에서는 처리잎에서보다 무처리잎에서 엽록소의 분해가 더 크게 일어났다. 따라서 건조완료된 잎담배의 황색도는 처리잎이나 무처리잎이나 비슷했다. 4. 건조과정에서 처리잎은 무처리잎에 비하여 전 Alkaloid함량이 현저히 감소되었으나 당전분 및 전질소함량에는 큰 변화가 없었다. 따라서 Ethephon처리로 인하여 잎담배 품질이 저하된다고 보이지 않았다. 5. 처리잎은 이미 성숙기에 황변이 촉진되었을 뿐 아니라 탈수도 많이 되었던 관계로 증효기 및 신장기를 생략한 황변기, 색택고정기 및 중골건조기의 3단계로서 건조를 끝낼 수 있었다. 6. 처리된 잎담배의 수량이 2% 감소된 셈이다. 처리잎은 관행건조소요시간(100시간)의 40%를 단축하여 건조할 수 있었음으로 연료비가 50%가량 절약되었다. 7. Ethephon처리로 말미암아 담배 성숙 및 건조 시간이 단축되었기 때문에 수확 및 건조에 요하는 비용을 대폭 절감할 뿐 아니라 금후 담배의 기계수확 및 집단건조도 가능하게 될 전망이 보였다. 따라서 Ethephon을 담배 농사에 이용하면 담배 생산농가의 노력 및 시설을 더욱 효과적으로 활용하여 소득을 증대시키는데 큰 도움을 준다고 믿게 되었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.339-347
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• 2014

This study investigated the classification of olive oils that are mainly distributed in Korea via imports. The fatty acid contents, degree of color, pigments, anti-oxidants, and sterol contents are analyzed on the different types of olive oil as follows: 10 kinds of extra virgin olive oil, 5 kinds of pure olive oil, and 5 kinds of refined olive-pomace oil. As a result of fatty acid analysis, the majority of oleic acid ($C_{18:1}$) and palmitic acid ($C_{16:0}$), and minority of linoleic acid ($C_{18:2}$) and stearic acid ($C_{18:0}$) were detected without any significant differences between the grades of olive oils. The UV spectrum is related to the ${\Delta}K$, and it is a part of the analysis factor for the purity and degree of degradation of the oil. Extra virgin olive oil had ${\Delta}K$ of almost 0, pure olive oil had 0.07~0.12, and refined olive-pomace oil had 0.1~0.13. These differed from extra virgin oil, and the pure or pomace oil ${\Delta}K$ had a confirmed distinct difference. The color degrees of chlorophyll with a low $L^*$ value and $(-)a^*$ (green) and carotenoid with $(+)b^*$ (yellow) were confirmed to have correlation between extra virgin and other olive oils. To compare chlorophyll and carotenoid as natural pigment in olive oils, 417 nm and the ratio of the absorbance at 480 nm (417/480) was calculated at 1.62 of extra virgin, 1.85 of pure olive oil, and 3.32 of refined olive-pomace oil. Therefore, it will be possible to distinguish when the extra virgin or pure olive oil are mixed with olive-pomace oil. The total amount of tocopherol, an anti-oxidant, were 19.06 in extra virgin, 10.91 in pure olive oil, and 27.88 in refined olive-pomace oil. The high content of tocopherol in pomace oil caused recovery of solvent extraction from olive pulp. Thus, extra virgin oil and pure olive oil were distinguished by olive-pomace oil. Polyphenol compounds in extra virgin olive oil measured high only in ferulic acid with 0.543 mg/kg, caffeic acid with 0.393 mg/kg, and other vanillic acid, vanillin, and p-coumaric acid had similar amount of 0.3 mg/kg. All grade of olive oils had the highest ${\beta}$-sitosterol content. Af (Authenticity factor) value were estimated with campesterol and stigmasterol content ratio (%). Af value was 19.2 in extra virgin olive oil, 17.1 in pure olive oil, 16.9 in refined olive-pomace oil, which were distinctive from sunflower oil with 3.7, corn oil with 2.4, and soybean oil with 2.0. It can provide important indicator of olive oil adulteration with other cheap vegetable oils. The results of this study can be used as a database for the classification of olive oil grade and distinguishing between the different types of oils.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.255-260
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• 2008

This study was conducted to analyse the effects of the UFCA for treating polluted water in a reservoir. The UFCA mixes water by circulation of surface and bottom water layers. The circulation supplies oxygen to bottom of the reservoir, resulting in water quality improvement. With a UFCA in use, we surveyed the changes of temperature, pH, transparency, depth, conductivity, DO, COD, BOD, T-N, T-P and Chlorophyll-a for 7 months from Feb. to Aug. in 2004 in our experimental reservoir. There was little difference in the surface and bottom temperatures of the reservoir because of water mixing by the UFCA. However, pH was changed from 7 to 9. The transparency of water was about 80 cm through the all periods. Conductivity was $150\;{\mu}S/cm$ in early Feb., but increased to $270\;{\mu}S/cm$ in early March. Little change was seen in DO with depth, but it was maintained above 6 mg/l in June and July. BOD increased from 2.1 to 12.2 mg/l. The study reservoir did not undergo any eutrophication during the period of our experiment, but the comparison reservoir had an algae-bloom. The COD in the experimental reservoir increased from 5.4 to 14.5 mg/l. The COD concentration of the experimental reservoir was higher than comparison reservoir at the beginning of the study but in August this situation was reversed. SS concentration increased from 13.5 to 23.5 mg/l in Feb., but it fell from between 8.5 to 11.2 mg/l in July. T-N was increased from 1.3 to 4.9 mg/l. It increased up to 3 times in the rainy season as compared to other components. However the comparison reservoir increased up to 40 times higher than the experimental reservoir in the same period. T-P increased from 0.04 to 0.17 mg/l. The ratio of T-N to T-P increased from 20:1 to 40:1 which means that T-P was a growth limiting factor for algae and aquatic plants. Chlorophyll-a increased from 20 to 120 mg/l, and its concentration was correlated with T-P, such that Chlorophyl-a concentration increased with increased of T-P concentration. The concentrations of COD, T-N, T-P and other parameters were higher in the experimental reservoir than in the comparison reservoir but this situation was reversed in July, when the most severe eutophication occurred. The results show that overall the experimental reservoir was greatly remedied by UFCA. The UFCA accelerated the degradation of aquatic organic materials through effective supply of air with up-flow and circulation of water. We conclude that the UFCA can be very effective in aspect of the remediation of water quality incontaminated reservoirs and lakes.