• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.219-227
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the side effects (ADR) of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) injections by age, injection type, symptoms, and causes, and to find preventive solutions for ADR. For the ADR of TCM injection data collected during the search period from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2020, the correlation between each section was analyzed by subdividing it into age, injection type, symptoms and causes. CNKI, PubMed, and EMBASE were used to collect the clinical data. 'Chinese herbal injection', 'Traditional Chinese Medicine injection', 'Chinese herbal injection side effect', 'Chinese herbal injection adverse drug reaction' were used for the keyword from the database. All data were collected mainly for TCM injection and the causes of ADR due to TCM injection. However, data not related to the relevant study or TCM injection were excluded from this study. Among a total of 941 studies collected during the search period from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2020, a total of 10 studies were selected for final analysis. In 1462 clinical data sets, ADR by gender was higher in males than females. By age, 41 to 60 years were the most common. The incidence of ADR by injection type was highest in the blood regulating injection type. Data analysis showed Xueshuantong injection had the highest ADR. Among the symptoms of ADR, skin diseases were the most common. The most common cause of ADR was the unreasonable use of drugs. In China, for ADR management, the use of TCM injections is recommended according to the basic principles for the clinical use of TCM injections established by the Chinese government. In this study, we analyzed the current status and causes of ADR in TCM injections, and found a preventive solution. It is expected that it can be used as basic data to increase the usability of pharmacopuncture and herbal medicines in Korea in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.3 s.39
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• pp.9-17
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• 1999

Objectives: Recently a renovation of the medical-welfare system to reflect the changes of disease spectrum with the demographic changes of society, the increase in income level, and marked concerns for health promotion has been demanded. In accordance with this, attempts have been made to actively integrate traditional medicine based on symptom-differentiated treatment and Western medicine based on disease treatment so that they can complement each other. China has already tried a complementary medical treatment system integrating traditional Chinese and Western medicine. So, this article reviewed major advances in research on integrated traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine in China. Methods: The authors analyzed data from clinical articles and experimental works in the ' Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine' Results and conclusions: Each department attempted to integrate Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) and Western Medicine in treatment of various diseases such as malaria, AIDS, and intoxication (rarely found in Korea clinically). Especially in the departments of surgery, dentistry, radiology, and anesthesiology we could see the frequent use of combined treatment. TCM and Western medicine complemented each other very successfully, and the effect of the combined therapy was superior to that of traditional therapy alone. There were diverse methods for therapy in integrated TCM and Western medicine; bath-Tx, physical-Tx, manipulative-Tx, drug -acupuncture, Tibetan medicine, etc. were available in therapy as well as traditional methods such as acupuncture, moxibustion, and negative- Tx. The way of producing Chinese medications were diversified and formulated; making new prescriptions, compounding various kinds of new medicine called' Zhong Cheng Yao' (中成藥) which were easily made, stored, and taken. 'Diagnosis Criteria', 'The effect of TCM Treatment Criteria' were made by committee and broadly used for objectifying diagnosis, discriminating effects of treatments and treatment development, and developing new medical products.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1961-1970
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• 2014

Pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2) was first found in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its expression has been thought to correlate with prognosis. A large number of studies have demonstrated that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial event in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and associated metastasis, resulting in enhanced malignancy of HCC. However, the roles of PKM2 in HCC EMT and metastasis remain largely unknown. The present study aimed to determine the effects of PKM2 in EGF-induced HCC EMT and elucidate the molecular mechanisms in vitro. Our results showed that EGF promoted EMT in HCC cell lines as evidenced by altered morphology, expression of EMT-associated markers, and enhanced invasion capacity. Furthermore, the present study also revealed that nuclear translocation of PKM2, which is regulated by the ERK pathway, regulated ${\beta}$-catenin-TCF/LEF-1 transcriptional activity and associated EMT in HCC cell lines. These discoveries provide evidence of novel roles of PKM2 in the progression of HCC and potential therapeutic target for advanced cases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.5291-5298
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• 2012

Beta-asarone is one of the main bioactive constituents in traditional Chinese medicine Acorus calamu. Previous studies have shown that it has antifungal and anthelmintic activities. However, little is known about its anticancer effects. This study aimed to determine inhibitory effects on LoVo colon cancer cell proliferation and to clarify the underlying mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. Dose-response and time-course anti-proliferation effects were examined by MTT assay. Our results demonstrated that LoVo cell viability showed dose- and time-dependence on ${\beta}$-asarone. We further assessed anti-proliferation effects as ${\beta}$-asarone-induced apoptosis by annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide assay usinga flow cytometer and observed characteristic nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation of apoptosis by microscopy. Moreover, we found the apoptosis to be induced through the mitochondrial/caspase pathway by decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reducing the Bcl-2-to-Bax ratio, in addition to activating the caspase-9 and caspase-3 cascades. Additionally, the apoptosis could be inhibited by a pan-caspase inhibitor, carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-[O-methyl]-fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD-FMK). When nude mice bearing LoVo tumor xenografts were treated with ${\beta}$-asarone, tumor volumes were reduced and terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays of excised tissue also demonstrated apoptotic changes. Taken together, these findings for the first time provide evidence that ${\beta}$-asarone can suppress the growth of colon cancer and the induced apoptosis is possibly mediated through mitochondria/caspase pathways.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.33-61
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• 2003

This paper was written in order to study the correlation of Taeumin's symptomatic phamacology to Chinese Febrile medicine. Through the symptoms and Clinical cases, treatments of the epidemic febrile disease in ${\ulcorner}Dongyi$ Suse $Bowon\{lrcorner}$ , the symptomatic phamacology for Taeumin was compared with chinese febrile medicine. The following conclusions were reached as a result of comparing the epidemic febrile disease in Taeumin with Chinese febrile medicine. 1. The concept of the epidemic febrile disease in Chinese febrile medicine is wider than that of the epidemic febrile disease in ${\ulcorner}Dongyi$ Suse $Bowon\{lrcorner}$ 2. The cause of the epidemic febrile disease in Chinese febrile medicine is fevershiness almost, but the So-byung(An Natural-Ordinary Disease) of Taeumin in ${\ulcorner}Dongyi$ Suse $Bowon\{lrcorner}$ is the basic method to diagnose the symptom of the epidemic febrile disease. 3. The So-byung of Taeumin in ${\ulcorner}Dongyi$ Suse $Bowon\{lrcorner}$ is divided into feverish symptom and cold symptom according to the so-byung. 4. In ${\ulcorner}Dongyi$ Suse $Bowon\{lrcorner}$, The method of a curative means is based on differing dimensions of the Visera and bowels, but Chinese Febrile Medicine has a equal curative means irrelevant to a patient's character.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1745-1749
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• 2014

Background: Platycodin D (PD), a triterpenoid saponin isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Platycodonis radix, possesses anti-cancer effects in several cancer cell lines. The aim of this study was to evaluate its anticancer activities in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Materials and Methods: MTT and colony formation assays were performed to evaluate cell proliferation, along with flow cytometry and Western blotting for apoptosis. Cell adhesion was tested by observing cellular morphology under a microscope, while the transwell assay was employed to investigate the cell migration and invasion. Results: PD concentration-dependently inhibited cell proliferation in both HepG2 and Hep3B cells, and significantly suppressed colony formation and induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. The protein levels of cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and Bax were up-regulated while that of survivin was down-regulated after treatment with PD. Moreover, PD not only obviously suppressed the adhesion of HepG2 cells to Matrigel, but also remarkably depressed their migration and invasion induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). Conclusions: PD presents anti-cancer potential in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via inducing apoptosis, and inhibiting cell adhesion, migration and invasion, indicating promising features as a lead compound for anti-cancer agent development.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.217-225
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• 2018

This study was to investigate the relationship between ultrasonographic examination and pattern identification classification on cinical studies in chinese medicine. We searched clinical studies related correlation between ultrasonographic examination and pattern identification classification in chinese medicine, that published from 2013 to 2016 in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases by keywords, 'ultrasound(超?)', 'chinese medicine(中?)', 'syndrome differentiation (辨?)'. Seventeen studies were found. There were 7 studies of gynecological diseases including polycystic ovary syndrome and uterine myoma, 5 studies of fatty liver, 3 studies of arthritis, and 1 studie of thyroid nodule and lymphadenopathy respectively. As a result, ii is thought that there was a certain degree of correlation between the change of the ultrasonographic image and the pathological types according to traditional chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation and ultrasonographic examination could be used as secondary means for the TCM syndrome differentiation classification. In conclusion, by using ultrasonograph device in a medicinal way of TCM and traditional korean medicine (TKM), it is thought that more detailed and accurate diagnosis and treatment are possible and the evidence for reasonableness of syndrome differentiation in TCM and TKM its validity can be secured.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.666-674
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• 2022

Background: Ginsenosides and their metabolites have antidepressant-like effects, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We previously identified 14-3-3 ζ as one of the target proteins of 20 (S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD), a fully deglycosylated ginsenoside metabolite. Methods: Corticosterone (CORT) was administered repeatedly to induce the depression model, and PPD was given concurrently. The tail suspension test (TST) and the forced swimming test (FST) were used for behavioral evaluation. All mice were sacrificed. Golgi-cox staining, GSK 3β activity assay, and Western blot analysis were performed. In vitro, the kinetic binding analysis with the Biolayer Interferometry (BLI) was used to determine the molecular interactions. Results: TST and FST both revealed that PPD reversed CORT-induced behavioral deficits. PPD also ameliorated the CORT-induced expression alterations of hippocampal Ser9 phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3β (p-Ser9 GSK 3β), Ser133 phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (p-Ser133 CREB), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Moreover, PPD attenuated the CORT-induced increase in GSK 3β activity and decrease in dendritic spine density in the hippocampus. In vitro, 14-3-3 ζ protein specifically bound to p-Ser9 GSK 3β polypeptide. PPD promoted the binding and subsequently decreased GSK 3β activity. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated the antidepressant-like effects of PPD on the CORT-induced mouse depression model and indicated a possible target-based mechanism. The combination of PPD with the 14-3-3 ζ protein may promote the binding of 14-3-3 ζ to p-GSK 3β (Ser9) and enhance the inhibition of Ser9 phosphorylation on GSK 3β kinase activity, thereby activating the plasticity-related CREBeBDNF signaling pathway.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.303-318
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• 2017

Objectives: To establish a base for further research by reviewing studies on traditional Chinese medicine treatment for Tourette Syndrome. This is the purpose of this study. Methods: Clinical studies involving the effects of traditional Chinese medicine treatment for Tourette Syndrome, published January 2010~June 2017, were obtained from CNKI, Pubmed. Selected Studies were evaluated by the Jadad Scale. Results: Among a total of 252 articles, 39 articles that meet the criteria were selected. 'Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV)' was most frequently used as diagnosis criteria. 'Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS)' was primarily used for outcome measurements. Most of the studies showed effective results of traditional Chinese medicine therapy. However, the quality of a selected clinical studies was low. Conclusions: Despite several limitations, various studies to prove limited yet effective traditional Chinese medicine treatment on Tourette Syndrome provides much significance. Subsequent studies conducted by the complementary systematic review and well-designed clinical trials using the methodological quality will be needed to more firmly validate the effect of traditional Chinese medicine therapy.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.580-592
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• 2020

Background: Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng (thereafter called ginseng) has been used as a medicinal herb for thousands of years to maintain people's physical vitality and is also a non-organ-specific cancer preventive and therapeutic traditional medicine in several epidemiologic and preclinical studies. Owing to few toxic side effects and strong enhancement on body immunity, ginseng has admirable application potential and value in cancer chemoprevention. The study aims at investigating the chemopreventive effects of ginseng on cutaneous carcinoma and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: The mouse skin cancer model was induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry was used for identifying various ginsenosides, the main active ingredients of ginseng. Comprehensive approaches (including network pharmacology, bioinformatics, and experimental verification) were used to explore the potential targets of ginseng. Results: Ginseng treatment inhibited cutaneous carcinoma in terms of initiation and promotion. The content of Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd ginsenosides was the highest in both mouse blood and skin tissues. Ginseng and its active components well maintained the redox homeostasis and modulated the immune response in the model. Specifically, ginseng treatment inhibited the initiation of skin cancer by enhancing T-cell-mediated immune response through upregulating HSP27 expression and inhibited the promotion of skin cancer by maintaining cellular redox homeostasis through promoting nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Conclusion: According to the study results, ginseng can be potentially used for cutaneous carcinoma as a chemopreventive agent by enhancing cell-mediated immunity and maintaining redox homeostasis with multiple components, targets, and links.